Ask for some knowledge of Sichuan opera.

The origin of Sichuan opera can be traced back to the pre-Qin period or even earlier, and the corner of the post-Han dynasty reached a hundred plays, which laid the foundation for the early Sichuan opera. Song Yu asked the King of Chu, a famous work of the Warring States Period, contains "He is a man of peace in Xialiba, and Qian Qian is absolutely a country.". The so-called "Xialiba people" is synonymous with Sichuan folk song and dance or song and dance artists. According to documents such as Tai Ping Guang Ji and Chen Shi Compilation, there has been a play "Bullfighting" since Li Bing was in Shu County. During the Three Kingdoms period, Ang Zheng, the first satirical comedy, appeared in Sichuan, which is the originator of Sichuan opera comedy.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, Sichuan Opera flourished, and the situation of "Shu Shu is the best in the world" appeared. During this period, Liu Pi's Responsibility to Buy, Two Disagreements of Mai Xiu and Guan Kou Shen were frequently performed. The earliest troupe in the history of China opera so far is the five-person troupe of Gan Manchuan, Bai Jia, Ye Si, Zhang Mei and Zhang Ao recorded in Youyang Miscellanies.

From Bullfighting to Song Zaju, which lasted for more than a thousand years, it is an out-and-out "Sichuan Opera" and can be regarded as a generalized Sichuan Opera. In the modern sense, Sichuan Opera should be said to have originated from the "Sichuan Opera" in the Ming Dynasty on the basis of Southern Opera, Sichuan Opera and Yuan Zaju in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

In the Qing Dynasty, Sichuan Opera was mixed with Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera, Tan Opera and Dengxi Opera. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, a new situation of the integration of five tunes appeared, which made Sichuan Opera look brand-new, and the characteristic repertoire and reserved repertoire of various tunes began to take shape. Later, the Sichuan Opera Reform Movement established the Opera Reform Association, and raised funds to build Yuelai Tea Garden (now the former site of Jinjiang Theatre), Shu Opera Department and other performance venues. As a result, 19 12 established the "Three Celebrations" organized by Sichuan Opera artists themselves, and a large number of famous actors such as Kang Zilin, Yang Sulan and Chen Kai Junior emerged, with more than 300 elites. There are also a large number of famous dramas such as Zhao Xi's Love Detective, Jian Huang's Three Loyalties and Chai's Sacrifice, with more than 700 well-known plays.

Since the 20th century, although there have been modern dramas created by "Sichuan Opera Creator" represented by Liu Huaixu, the country is in a dark period and Sichuan Opera has begun to decline. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the support of the Party and New China, Sichuan Opera began to glow with artistic youth and re-entered the "golden age".

Sichuan Opera is a bright pearl in the treasure house of China Opera. It has a long history and has preserved many excellent traditional plays, rich music and exquisite performing arts. It is a folk art loved by people in southwest provinces such as Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.

In the aspect of opera vocal cavity, Sichuan opera is composed of four major vocal cavities: high cavity, Kunqu cavity, Huqin cavity and weak cavity, plus a folk lantern opera in this province. These five categories, except Lantern Opera, were introduced to Sichuan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Sichuan opera is a major feature of Sichuan culture, and Chengdu is the hometown of drama. As early as the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying that "Shu Opera was the best in the world". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, on the basis of the local lantern drama, the voices of Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places were absorbed and integrated, and a "Sichuan Opera" sung in Sichuan dialect was formed, with five parts: tenor, huqin, Kunqu, Lantern and Tanxi. Among them, Sichuan opera is the main singing form of Sichuan opera with rich tunes, beautiful singing and the most local characteristics.

The auxiliary cavity of Sichuan opera is leading cavity, combining cavity, chorus, accompaniment and duet, which means meaningful and fascinating. The language of Sichuan Opera is vivid, humorous, full of distinctive local colors, full of life breath and has a broad mass base. There are hundreds of common plays on the stage, with complete singing, acting, recitation and performance, witty quips, instrumental music, unique "face-changing", "fire-breathing" and "sleeves", and the freehand stylization implies endless wonderful taste ... Sichuan Opera is deeply loved by the world and spread all over the world. The famous Sichuan opera The Legend of the White Snake Jinshan Temple is widely circulated at home and abroad.

Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera (Pihuang), Tanxi Opera and Sichuan Folk Lantern Opera, which have flowed into Sichuan from other provinces, have been performed all over Sichuan. During the Qing Dynasty (1736- 1795), these five vocal arts often performed on the same stage, and gradually formed the same style over time, collectively known as * * *. Gao, Kun, Hu and Dan Deng have their own situations in the process of merging into a unified Sichuan opera.

Kunqu Opera, which originated in Jiangsu, flowed into Sichuan and evolved into "Chuankun" with local characteristics.

High notes play a major role in Sichuan Opera. Originated in Yiyang Opera in Jiangxi, it flowed into Sichuan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and was called "Qing Opera" between Chu and Shu. On the basis of maintaining the tradition of "one person singing in harmony, collective response, tight board and adagio", it also absorbs a lot of nutrition from Sichuan yangko, chant, divine comedy and Lianxiang, enriching and developing the characteristics of "helping, beating and singing" closely, forming a Sichuan high-pitched tune with local characteristics.

Huqin Opera, also known as "Si" Opera, originated from the harmony between Hui and Han, and also absorbed the elements of "Hanzhong and Huang Er" in Shaanxi. Through the combination of "singing Huqin" and stage performance with Sichuan dialect and Sichuan opera gongs and drums, it has changed greatly in timbre and music, forming a Huqin opera with Sichuan flavor.

Tanxi, or random playing, is also known as "cover plate" and "Sichuan Bangzi". It is named after playing the cover-plate huqin and clapping the clappers, and originated from Tongzhou Bangzi in Shaanxi. After Shaanxi Opera flowed into Sichuan, it merged with Lantern Opera and Gaoqiang Opera in northern Sichuan for a long time, and adopted Sichuan dialect, gradually forming a unique Sichuan Bangzi-Tanxi.

In the process of the popularity of the above four foreign vocal cavity arts in Sichuan, they have been combined with Sichuan pronunciation and people's appreciation habits, and gradually evolved into five vocal cavities of Sichuan Opera in later generations, namely, Kunqu Opera, Gao, Hu, Dan and Deng.

Sichuan opera is a major feature of Sichuan culture. Chengdu is the hometown of drama. As early as the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying that "Shu Opera was the best in the world". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, on the basis of the local car light drama, the voices of Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places were absorbed and integrated, and a "Sichuan Opera" sung in Sichuan dialect was formed, with five parts: tenor, huqin, Kunqu opera, lantern and Tanxi. Among them, Sichuan opera is the main singing form of Sichuan opera with rich tunes, beautiful singing and the most local characteristics. The auxiliary cavity of Sichuan opera is leading cavity, combining cavity, chorus, accompaniment and duet, which means meaningful and fascinating. The language of Sichuan Opera is vivid, humorous, full of distinctive local colors, full of life breath and has a broad mass base. There are hundreds of common plays on the stage, including complete singing, doing, reading and playing, humorous quips, instrumental music, unique "face changing", "fire breathing" and "sleeves", and freehand stylized movements, which imply endless wonderful taste. Sichuan opera is deeply loved by the world and spread all over the world. The famous Sichuan opera The Legend of the White Snake. Jinshan Temple is widely circulated at home and abroad. Sichuan Opera is very popular in Sichuan Province and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou. Originally, five vocal arts imported from other provinces, namely, Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera (Pihuang Opera), Tanxi Opera and Sichuan Folk Lantern Opera, have been performed all over Sichuan. During the Qing Dynasty (1736- 1795), these five vocal arts often performed on the same stage, and gradually formed the same style over time, collectively known as * * *.

Gao, Kun, Hu and Dan Deng have their own situations in the process of merging into a unified Sichuan opera. Kunqu Opera, which originated in Jiangsu, flowed into Sichuan and evolved into "Chuankun" with local characteristics. High notes play a major role in Sichuan Opera. Originated in Yiyang Opera in Jiangxi, it flowed into Sichuan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and was called "Qing Opera" between Chu and Shu. On the basis of maintaining the tradition of "one person singing in harmony, collective response, but also tight board and soft board", I have learned a lot about Sichuan Yangko, chant, divine comedy and Lianxiang.

Closely combine the characteristics of "helping, fighting and singing" to cultivate, enrich and develop, and form Sichuan high-pitched tune with local characteristics. Huqin Opera, also known as "Si" Opera, originated from the harmony between Hui and Han, and also absorbed the elements of "Hanzhong and Huang Er" in Shaanxi. Through the combination of "singing Huqin" and stage performance with Sichuan dialect and Sichuan opera gongs and drums, it has changed greatly in timbre and music, forming a Huqin opera with Sichuan flavor. Playing the opera, that is, playing randomly, is also called "cover plate" and "Sichuan Bangzi". It is named after playing the Hu Qin with the cover plate as the main musical instrument and making clappers. It originated from Tongzhou Bangzi in Shaanxi. After Shaanxi Opera flowed into Sichuan, it merged with Lantern Opera and Gaoqiang Opera in northern Sichuan for a long time, and adopted Sichuan language, gradually forming a unique Sichuan Bangzi-Tan Opera.

In the process of the popularity of the above four foreign vocal cavity arts in Sichuan, they have been combined with Sichuan pronunciation and people's appreciation habits, and gradually evolved into five vocal cavities of Sichuan Opera in later generations, namely, Kunqu Opera, Gao, Hu, Dan and Deng.

Sichuan opera has gradually formed some schools because of the relationship between various sound areas and artists. Among these schools, there are mainly four schools according to popular regions, except the schools of Dan Hanghuan (Hua Xian), Ugly Hangfu (Sangan) and Cao (Jun Chen). First, the "Western Sichuan School", including counties in Wenjiang area with Chengdu as the center, mainly formed a unique "Northern Transfer"; Second, the "Ziyang River School", including Zigong, Neijiang District, counties and cities, is dominated by high-pitched tunes and has the most rigorous artistic style; Third, the "Northern Sichuan School", including parts of Nanchong and Mianyang, is mainly composed of singing and acting, and is influenced by Shaanxi Opera. The fourth is the "East Sichuan School", including the East Sichuan area centered on Chongqing. Because Chongqing is the commercial center of Sichuan, many foreign operas are performed here. It is characterized by miscellaneous operas and diversified vocal cavities.

There are many Sichuan operas, "three thousand in the Tang Dynasty, eight hundred in the Song Dynasty and countless in the Three Kingdoms". Among them, the high-pitched part has the richest inheritance and the most remarkable artistic characteristics. There are five traditional operas (the story of green robe, the story of yellow robe, the story of white robe, the story of red robe and the story of green robe) and four columns (touching Tianzhu, Crystal Column, Burning Column and Five Elements Column). After 1949, after sorting out, a number of outstanding Sichuan opera plays appeared, such as The Story of Liu Yin, The Tale of the Jade Hairpin, The Story of the Colorful Building, etc.

The performing arts of Sichuan Opera have a deep foundation of life and form a perfect performance program. The script is of high literary value, real and delicate performance, humorous and full of life flavor, which is deeply loved by the masses. Some actors also created many stunts, such as lifting, opening eyes, changing face, drilling fire rings, hiding knives and so on. They are good at using special effects to shape characters, which is amazing. (Source: China Changjiang Culture Department)