Architectural characteristics of the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties

The Forbidden City in Beijing is the essence of architecture in the Han Dynasty. The Forbidden City in Beijing (Forbidden City) was built in the Ming Dynasty, with a clear system and some gains. In the Forbidden City complex, the following characteristics of Chinese palace architecture are reflected:

(1) The building of the Forbidden City faces south. Before construction, Chinese tables should be erected to determine the orientation. The table is an upright post. Take two tables with the same length, and observe two points with the same length of the sun shadow in the morning and evening, and connect them into a line, that is, due east and due west. Generally, the building stands on the table, and the craftsman lays the foundation in the direction indicated. In front of Tiananmen Square, the carved stone pillars are huabiao, indicating the architectural direction of the whole Forbidden City, which is in harmony with the main architectural style and becomes a decoration.

(2) The main hall (Hall of Supreme Harmony) is the main part of the plane layout, and buildings such as halls, pavilions, pavilions, corridors, pavilions and doors are arranged in a symmetrical French way.

(3) The palace building is supported by a wooden frame, with a stone pillar foundation under each column, brick walls for maintenance on the north, west and east, facing south, and covered with a golden glazed tile roof.

(4) The front of the front ridge and the vertical ridges at both ends of the roof are decorated with large ceramic animal heads, and several ceramic squatting animals are decorated on the ridge. The Xieqiu roof (Zhonghe Hall) has a treasure top.

(5) There are different patterns and patterns on the surface of the arch eaves truss, such as the dragon, phoenix, bird, beast, insect, fish and other animal patterns in liger, the plant patterns such as vines, sunflowers, lotus leaves, natural patterns such as mountains, rivers, sun, moon and stars, geometric patterns such as square rhombic palindromes, text patterns such as longevity and happiness, and instrument patterns such as money patterns.

Yuanbao pattern, etc. It has the dual functions of beauty and anticorrosion. Other decorative patterns such as hanging fish, window lattice, railings, murals, astronomical disks, algae wells, partitions and so on are varied.

(6) The decorative color of the palace, the roof is mostly golden yellow, the columns, doors, windows, walls and other places are mostly reddish, and the eaves are mostly blue-green, lined with white jade of stone railings and stone steps, forming a sharp color contrast.