Traditional mine management structure

The mining structure in northwest China is seriously unreasonable, with large and medium-sized mining enterprises accounting for only 2% of the total number of mines and small mining enterprises accounting for 98%. Misguided by the policy of "big mines open, small mines open, and water flows quickly", villages and towns and individual miners flock to it, and predatory development such as mining the rich and abandoning the poor is serious. Mining supervision lags behind mining development, which lacks unified planning and management and poor policy continuity, leading to multi-enterprise sublevel mining and cross-border mining of the same ore body in some mining areas, seriously destroying limited mineral resources. For example, in the national key mining areas such as Tongguan gold mining area in Shaanxi, Fengxian county in Gansu and Changba lead-zinc mining area, many enterprises are mining in the same mining area or different sections of the same ore body. "Upstairs and upstairs" mining layout is widespread, mining disputes continue, repeated construction, and serious resource destruction.

According to relevant data, the average intensive index of mining enterprises in northwest China is about 16.99, which is only 53.4% of the national average of 3 1.8, far below the national average. Among them, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai are ranked as 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9 respectively, and only Xinjiang's intensive index is close to the national level (Figure 2- 1).

Figure 2- 1 Mining Intensive Index of Provinces in Northwest China

Most of the deposits in northwest China are biogenic and associated component deposits. Due to economic, technical and financial constraints, small enterprises are unable or unwilling to introduce new technologies and advanced equipment. Most of the associated minerals are hardly used or the utilization rate is lower than 10%, resulting in a serious waste of precious resources. Some state-owned mines also have this problem. For example, rhenium, a rare metal associated with Jinduicheng Molybdenum Mine in Shaanxi Province, is a medium-sized associated deposit, which has not been utilized at present and is discharged in smelting waste gas, which not only wastes resources, but also causes atmospheric environmental pollution.