What are the characteristics of ancient Chinese literature?

1. Pre-Qin literature?

Pre-Qin literature encompasses the three stages of primitive society and the slave and feudal (early) societies since the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. The songs and myths of the ancient period are the source of Chinese literature. Pre-Qin literature was characterized by poetry, prose and other major genres.

Poetry, in turn, is represented by the Classic of Poetry and the Chu Rhetoric. Poetry is represented by the Classic of Poetry and the Chu Rhetoric. The Classic of Poetry spreads the influence of the six meanings of wind, elegance, ode, fugue, comparison, and rise to the next generation. The best prose is Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu, Zhan Guo Ce, and the prose of the sons of Zhou, etc.

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This is the first time that a Chinese writer has written a book on the subject.

2. Literature of the two Han, Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties?

Qin Shi Huang unified China in 221 BC, the establishment of a unified centralized power began, creating a new page of history, but because of the harsh ideological clampdown, Qin literature is blank.

Only before the unification of Qin, Lu Buwei called on his disciples to write the "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" and Li Si's prose, and then there is no masterpiece to speak of. The literature of the Han Dynasty was represented by prose, Han fu and music and folk songs. Representative writers include Jia Yi, Chao Chao, and Sima Qian.

Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian", in the spirit of "factual record" of "no false beauty, no hidden evil", recounted the history of our country for 3,000 years, from the legendary emperor down to the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

The Records of the Grand Historian (史记) was hailed by Lu Xun as "a masterpiece of the historians, a rhyming poem without rhyme". A "Records of the Grand Historian" is of high historical and literary value.

The Han Lefu poems brought fresh blood to the poetry world in the form of folk compositions and narrative poems, and provided examples and impetus for the literati to create poems that could be used as reference. In the history of China's poetic development, Han Lefu poetry is the third important stage of development after the "Classic of Poetry" and "Chu Rhetoric". It conceived the creation of pentameter poetry.

The five-character poems of the literati in the Eastern Han Dynasty arose and developed on the basis of the music folk songs of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The existing Anonymous Nineteen Ancient Poems is a representative work of the five-character poems of the literati of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

It pioneered a new style of lyric poetry in China with its high artistic attainments. The achievements of the two Han literatures in prose and poetry prepared the way for Jian'an literature.

The literature of the Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties was formed under the influence of Xuanxue, a discursive philosophy. But literature moved towards an era of self-consciousness. Literati showed a strong sense of worry, bitter feelings and self-consciousness in their works.

The main literary achievement was poetry, represented by the "Three Cao's" in Jian'an literature. Their poignant, generous, and powerful creative style has been called "Jian'an Bone" or "Jian'an Wind Power" by later generations.

3. What is Tang Dynasty literature?

Sui-Tang Five Dynasties literature is represented by Tang Dynasty literature. The Sui Dynasty was a short period of time with little literary achievement. The main new literary genre of the Five Dynasties, "word", was developed, and the "Flower Room Words" school, characterized by its fragrance and softness, dominated the entire word world.

Li Jing and Li Yu, the two masters of the Southern Tang Dynasty, had higher achievements. In particular, Li Yu's late lyrics were elegiac and profound, expressing his sadness at the loss of his homeland. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of ancient literature.

Tang poetry is the pride of Chinese literature. More than 48,900 poems have been handed down. The world-class great poets who emerged include Li Bai and Du Fu. Their creations served as models for the creations of future generations and pushed ancient Chinese poetry to the highest peak in history.

The Tang Dynasty had a full range of literary styles, with poetry, prose, Tang legends, words, variations, and dramas **** together constituting the prosperity of Tang Dynasty literature. The "Four Heroes of the Tang Dynasty" were the first to open a new path, breaking through the content of the "palace style" and opening up a new realm of poetry, so that the subject matter of poetry was extended from the palace to the outside of the country.

Shen nephew and Song Zhiwen established the form of metrical poetry. Chen Zi'ang denounced the Qi Liang poetic style and sang of the Jian'an style, opening up a healthy path for the development of Tang poetry. The poets of the Sheng Tang reflected the positive and romantic sound of the Tang Dynasty with their vigorous and passionate feelings and impassioned verses.

4. Song literature?

Song Dynasty literature took poetry, words, prose and novels as its main forms. The content is closely related to the times. It has the role of carrying on the past and the future. Poetry has "Xikun style" was popular for a while, they to whitewash reality, glorify peace as the main theme, ideological emptiness.

But Yanshu, Ouyang Xiu's small order has begun to get rid of the influence of the words of the flowers, showing a clear style of words. Fan Zhongyan's words are more ambitious and distinctive. Liu Yong and Su Shi put the words on the path of innovation.

Later in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhou Bangyan focused on metrics, elegant and beautiful words for the decline of the dynasty embellished with the rise of the word, so that the word is back to the road of detachment from reality.

5, Yuan, Ming and Qing literature

The Yuan Dynasty thought respect for Buddhism and Taoism, Confucianism and science are also advocated, but the status and influence is much less than before. Literature appeared vulgar and elegant change. Opera, opera, prose and other popular literature by the general public's favorite. The main achievement of Yuan dynasty literature was the opera. The Yuan dynasty includes miscellaneous operas and prose compositions. Miscellaneous dramas are operas, prose songs are poems, both of which are based on the rhetoric, and are therefore generally known as songs.

The main achievements of Ming literature are novels and operas. The novels of the Ming Dynasty, whether long or short, showed unprecedented prosperity. Produced in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasty long historical novels of the three kingdoms yuanyi opened up the precedent of chapter book novels. Together with the heroic legendary novel Water Margin, it summarizes history and reflects profound reality.

The literature of the Qing Dynasty is the literature of the summary period of China's feudal society. There were many styles, each with its own characteristics, and the novels had the greatest achievements. The authors made a thorough and comprehensive analysis and reflection on the social reality, life destiny and its direction, which had a strong social influence.

Pu Songling's "Liaozhai Zhiyi" is a summary of the literary novels, reflecting social life profoundly and comprehensively. Wu Jingzi's "The History of Confucianism" pushed ancient satirical novels to the peak and influenced the creation of modern writers through its meticulous depiction and in-depth analysis of the clowns in the scholarly world.

Expanded Information

Chinese literature, in addition to its own characteristics because of the Chinese written language, also has its own unique literary conceptual system. This conceptual system is governed by the traditional Chinese system of thought, the origin of which lies in the Confucian school founded by Confucius. Confucianism, represented by Confucius and Mencius, has influenced China's national character and cultural thought in the following ways.

First, it is the worldly thinking centered on "cultivating oneself, aligning the family, ruling the country, and leveling the world" (Li Ji - University); second, it is the moral concepts based on the standards of "benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and trust"; and third, it is the concept of "heaven, earth, and the ruler". Secondly, it is the moral concept of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, and faith"; thirdly, it is the ethical concept of "heaven, earth, ruler, relatives, and teachers"; and fourthly, it is the philosophy of mediocrity, which is regulated by "allowing the center to be in the center" (The Analects).

Under the domination of such ideas, Chinese literature, which is a function of education and culture, favors political themes and ethical and moral themes in its content. The tendency to regard literature as an appendage of politics and as didactic has been taken as an unquestionable tendency.

The encounter between rulers and officials, the bitterness and happiness of people's livelihood, the ups and downs of eunuchs, the victory and defeat of war, the rise and fall of the country, the gathering and dispersal of life, the order and disorder of the norms of order, and the back and forth of morality have always been the main themes of Chinese literature, whether it be poetry, prose, novels, or operas, and none of them are excluded from this theme.

Confucianism's philosophy of initiation and indoctrination has brought political enthusiasm, enterprising spirit and sense of social mission to Chinese literature, but at the same time it has also inhibited the release of self-affection, the eruption of free individuality and the excavation of self-consciousness, especially the rationalist concept of "exist the reason of heaven, extinguish the desire of mankind," which has covered literature with the smoke and mist of rationalism. In particular, the rationalist concept of "keeping the principles of heaven and eliminating the desires of man" has covered literature with the mist of rationalism. The above features are parallel to the aesthetic pursuit of "mediocrity".

Chinese literature emphasizes the beauty of harmony, "?

Chinese literature emphasizes the beauty of harmony, "? Most of the old Chinese poems are restrained in their feelings, subtle in their thoughts, and endless in their meaning, also showing a strong rationalist color.

Baidu Encyclopedia - History of Chinese Literature