Is there an institution for diagnosing and detecting vegetable diseases?

Is there an institution for diagnosing and detecting vegetable diseases? Find the local agricultural department or plant protection station. Consult them and be able to recommend them.

Hope to adopt, thank you.

Identification of vegetable diseases and prevention techniques of vegetable diseases can be found on China Plant Protection Network.

What do you know about vegetable diseases? 1. butterfly moth pest

The pests that harm vegetables are Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Plutella xylostella and Papilio striata. These pests are completely metamorphosed insects, which have four stages: egg stage, larva stage, pupa stage and adult stage. The ability of adults to fly freely is not weak, and vegetables and plants are mainly harmed in the larval stage. The key point of prevention and control is to reduce the density of adults and the harm degree of larvae. Before farming in the field, the whole area can be soaked in water, which can effectively prevent burglars hidden in the soil, or in the early stage of planting, a barrier net with mesh number of 16 can be used to prevent adults from laying eggs on leaves in the early stage of vegetable growth, and on the other hand, sex pheromones can be used to trap and kill male adults. At present, there are night thieves and beet armyworm pheromones on the market, and two insect traps can effectively trap and kill a hectare of field. If it is found that the moth larvae have been harmed by the above pests, Suli bacteria preparation can be sprayed in time, which can effectively control the feeding of pests. Because Suleimeria preparation contains Suleimeria toxin, its main function is to destroy the intestines of pests, making them unable to eat, thus leading to death, so it usually takes about two days from spraying to taking effect, and pests will not die immediately after using chemical pesticides.

Second, aphids

The main aphids that harm vegetables are peach aphid, cotton aphid and cabbage aphid. Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii can harm melons, beans, Solanaceae, Cruciferae and other vegetables, while Aphis pseudophylla mainly harms Cruciferae vegetables. Aphids are homopteran pests. Nymphs and adults can harm vegetables by sucking mouthparts, and can also spread many viruses. Their population mainly depends on the parthenogenesis of female adults. Female adults often multiply in a short time. Winged aphids are carried to high places by wind and updraft and will land in yellow-green fields. Therefore, the key point of prevention and control is to avoid the invasion of winged aphids at the beginning, and silver plastic tape can be laid at the border. Can effectively prevent aphids from falling. If aphids have appeared in the field, they can also be trapped and killed with yellow sticky paper or yellow water tray. In addition, the commercial neem oil can be sprayed 500 times, and good control effect can be obtained.

Third, thrips

The most important pests to vegetables are Huang Nan thrips and Taiwan Province thrips, among which Huang Nan thrips have a wide host range, including melon, bitter gourd, cantaloupe, other beans, eggplant and green pepper. Generally, melons are seriously damaged, and thrips can harm peas in Taiwan Province province. Thrips occur for about 20 generations a year, and adults and nymphs usually inhabit the new buds and are harmed by file suction devices, which makes the heart leaves atrophy and unable to stretch. The adult thrips have the ability to fly, prefer blue, and can be lured and killed with blue sticky paper. Set one in the field every five meters, the height is not more than one meter, which can lure and kill a large number of thrips adults.

Fourth, mites

Tetranychus urticae and leptospira harm leaves, and root mites harm roots and stems at the base of the land. Crops harmed by Tetranychus urticae mainly include melons, beans, eggplants, etc., fine mites mainly harm sweet peppers and green peppers, and root mites mainly harm leeks and onions. Tetranychus urticae mostly gathers on the back of leaves and sucks leaf juice with stinging mouthparts, which mostly occurs in the period of high temperature and low humidity. Therefore, water management is particularly important during cultivation. If water can be sprayed on the back of leaves in time, the number of Tetranychus urticae can be effectively controlled. Secondly, Tetranychus urticae has many natural enemies, including ladybugs, lacewings, plant mites, elephants and gall midges. At present, basic grasshoppers have been popularized and applied. Root mites mainly harm the roots and stems at the base of the ground, causing plants to turn yellow and shrink, mostly in the hot and humid season, with the peak from March to May every year. Prevention of root mites is more important than prevention. For the fields scheduled for cultivation, it is best to rotate with rice fields or turn over the soil before planting, so that the fields are fully dried to reduce the density of root mites remaining in the soil. In addition, water management is also very important, and the plot should be built as high as possible to avoid poor drainage.

Five, diving flies

There are mainly tomato leaf miner, gerbera leaf miner, onion leaf miner and leek leaf miner on vegetables. This kind of pests mainly feed on mesophyll between the upper and lower epidermis with maggot larvae, resulting in curved white food marks. In severe cases, mesophyll is eaten, leaving the upper and lower epidermis, which makes the injured plants grow slowly. When pupating on leaves or fallen soil, adults are good at flying, and the prevention and control mainly lies in reducing the density of adults. A more effective method is to trap and kill them with yellow sticky paper. The field planting density is less than 5 meters away from two pieces of sticky paper and the height is less than 1 meter, and the control effect is good.

Bemisia tabaci

Whitefly is the most harmful whitefly to vegetables. There are more than 500 host plants damaged by whitefly, including cruciferous vegetables, Amaranthaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and other crops. If insects are harmful, they will keep secret honeydew. If the quantity is large, they will cause coal pollution on the leaves. In addition to the malnutrition of plants, coal pollution will also affect photosynthesis, shorten crop life and even death, reduce yield, and adults will also spread viruses. Adults have the ability to fly and prefer yellow and green. In the wild, you can lure them with sticky paper or water tray of this color, and the height should be within one meter. Set one piece every five meters to get better trapping effect. At present, the more effective non-traditional drugs are 2,000 times of 4.5% neem essence emulsion and 500 times of 90% neem oil emulsion. These two pesticides not only control whitefly, but also have little influence on people and animals and the environment.

How to prevent and cure vegetable diseases in summer: eggplant vegetables include umbilical rot, sunburn, rot, powdery mildew, leaf mold and so on. Cucumber vegetables include powdery mildew, downy mildew, umbilical mold, virus disease and so on. To prevent and control these diseases, besides strengthening agricultural management, we should also carry out scientific and reasonable chemical prevention and control, and supplement calcium with foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulator in time. The common pests of vegetables in protected areas are liriomyza sativae, whitefly, tea yellow mite, red spider, aphid and thrips. Physical and biological control methods are suggested to control these pests.

Open-field vegetables: Chinese cabbage, common Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura. Spraying biological pesticides combined with new high-fat film at high temperature has a remarkable effect on controlling Plutella xylostella. Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura can be controlled by spraying pesticides combined with 500 times new high-fat film. The occurrence of soybean borer and red spider in bean vegetables is serious, and rust, leaf mold, powdery mildew, downy mildew and blight are mixed. Eggplant ladybug is easy to occur on melons, vegetables and eggplants.

Can vinegar prevent vegetable diseases? Yes Spraying 300 times of vinegar every 7- 10 days after sowing 1-2 days has a good control effect on tomato and pepper virus diseases, which can increase the yield of pepper by more than 10% and tomato by 15%-35%. Spraying 0.5 kg vinegar and 50 kg water per mu before cucumber flowering and fruiting can increase the yield by 18% ~ 20%. When leafy Chinese cabbage is opened in a small dish, 0.5 kg of vinegar is used per mu, and water is added 100 kg. After mixing evenly, it is sprayed in the field, which can effectively prevent soft rot and increase the yield by about 9%. For vegetables such as water spinach, Chinese cabbage, spinach, wax gourd, potatoes, etc. From seedling stage, spraying 300 times vinegar solution every 7 days or so for 2 ~ 3 times continuously can also get good yield-increasing effect. Note: Vinegar should not be mixed with alkaline solutions such as alkaline washing powder, alkaline pesticide and plant ash water to avoid invalidation.

I hope I can help you! Farmers help organic vegetables!

How to distinguish vegetable diseases from element deficiency diseases? The main diseases are fungi, viruses and bacteria. Element deficiency, also known as physiological disease, is a specific symptom of vegetable crops lacking certain nutrients. Sometimes the disease is similar to element deficiency in appearance, especially in the early stage of the disease, which brings some difficulties to disease control. In this case, it can be distinguished from the following three aspects.

First of all, look at the process of disease occurrence and development. Vegetable diseases are contagious. Therefore, the occurrence of diseases generally has an obvious disease heart, and then quickly spreads around, usually in pieces. If it is not prevented in time, it will do great harm to vegetable growth. Element deficiency, however, has no disease center and is mostly sporadic. If remedial measures are not taken, the output and quality will be seriously affected. Second, look at the relationship between illness and soil. Most vegetable diseases have no special relationship with soil types and characteristics. No matter what soil type, if there are pathogenic bacteria, they can occur in fields with high nitrogen fertilizer consumption and no attention to the combined application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The occurrence of crop element deficiency is obviously related to soil types and characteristics. For example, the soil in the north has a high pH value and is not easy to lack molybdenum; However, the acid soil in south China is easy to lack this element, and the plants are stunted, short, whip-tailed, cup-shaped or spotted. For soils with different nutrient levels, some or some element deficiencies may occur, and barren soils are more common. Third, look at the relationship between disease and weather. Generally, vegetable diseases often occur or recur in humid weather, especially when the plant population is gloomy. Attention should be paid to observing the weather and the growth of plant population in order to prevent and control it as soon as possible. Element deficiency has little to do with surface air humidity. However, long-term water accumulation or drought in soil will promote the occurrence of some element deficiency. If plants stagnate for a long time, it will lead to potassium deficiency, which shows that the leaf edge is burnt from bottom to top, like a fire. The unstable soil water content, high and low, is easy to cause calcium deficiency, leading to physiological diseases such as umbilical rot, heart rot, pseudostem disease and celery stem crack, and also affecting flower bud differentiation of fruits and vegetables to varying degrees.

How to identify the symptoms of vegetable diseases is a knowledge, which needs professional technicians to identify.

Or hire an experienced colleague.

Dozens of diseases can't be explained clearly in one or two sentences.

Shouguang Sanyuan Caibao specializes in the treatment and prevention of vegetable diseases.

How to prevent the drug resistance of vegetable diseases from mixing with other drugs

After mixing, for example, when internal inhalation and contact insecticide are mixed together, the time for pests and diseases to develop resistance to internal inhalation will be greatly delayed; The mixed application of complementary drugs can also delay the resistance of pests and diseases and significantly improve the control effect. Carbendazim mixed with diethofencarb, Botrytis cinerea resistant to carbendazim can be killed by diethofencarb, and those resistant to carbendazim can be killed by diethofencarb. In this way, the resistance of bacteria to carbendazim and diethofencarb decreased obviously.

Make full use of effective low concentration

Effective low concentration is the concentration with good effect and the lowest concentration. The application of a drug should start from the effective low concentration, and it is not appropriate to increase the concentration at will. Vegetable farmers should use the effective low concentration in the instructions, or reduce the application concentration after the test to make the application dosage less. As long as the effect is good, it is necessary to boldly reduce the application concentration. If the recommended concentration of some pesticides is 600 times, and the control effect is still excellent at 1000 times, it should be used at 1000 times.

Mixed synergist

Mixed synergist is an effective way to slow down pesticide resistance. Pesticides are not used much, and the frequency has not increased, but the effect is particularly good, and it is difficult to produce drug resistance quickly. Meal lotion, neutral washing powder, mineral oil, vinegar, etc. Can also be added to increase adhesion, permeability and change the pH value, can be used as a substitute.

Change the drug type

Replacing different kinds of drugs is the first choice to solve the drug resistance of pests and diseases, which can immediately change the situation of poor control effect. Different kinds of drugs have different insecticidal and bactericidal principles, and once they are replaced, the control effect can be significantly improved.

Changing pesticides regularly is the first choice to solve the drug resistance of pests and diseases, and it is a time-saving and labor-saving method. I hope everyone can pay attention to it.

How to prevent vegetable diseases in hot weather First, do a good job of shading in the shed. Covering sunshade net, spraying coolant, mud and other methods can be used to reduce the light transmittance of shed film and reduce the illumination in the shed, thus reducing the shed temperature.

Second, strengthen ventilation. When planting vegetables in summer, in order to avoid high temperature obstacles in the greenhouse, vegetable farmers should pay attention to opening all the upper and lower air outlets in the greenhouse to form convection, accelerate the discharge of hot air, and help reduce the temperature in the greenhouse. But it is necessary to install insect-proof nets reasonably and reduce the media.

Third, water reasonably and spray water at noon to cool down. In summer, we should pay attention to watering frequently, increase the humidity in the shed and reduce the shed temperature. Vegetable farmers can install micro-sprinkler spray in the greenhouse to reduce the greenhouse temperature, increase the air humidity in the greenhouse, prevent the style and stigma of vegetables from drying, promote pollination and prevent vegetables from falling flowers and fruits.

In addition, a new high-fat film and vegetable Zhuangganling are sprayed on the leaves to form a protective film on the surface of the leaves to improve the high-temperature resistance of the leaves. Make the vegetable seedlings grow vigorously, the stems and leaves are strong, and the yield and quality are high. Long shelf life. And improve the water absorption and fertility of vegetables, and improve the yield and quality.