What is the meaning of international capital export and what are its forms?

The export of formal loan capital means that the governments, enterprises or banks of imperialist countries come forward to borrow capital from the governments, enterprises or banks of other countries. The monopoly bourgeoisie exports capital in the form of loan capital to obtain interest, and puts forward various conditions to the importing countries, especially requiring the importing countries to provide favorable conditions for their production capital export and commodity export. For example, when the reactionary government borrowed money from imperialism before liberation, it promised them to lay a railway in China. France's foreign investment is mainly in Europe, first in Russia, and most of it is in the form of loan capital. Lenin said that French imperialism is different from British colonial imperialism and can be called usury imperialism.

Output of production capital

The export of production capital refers to the direct investment of governments, enterprises or banks in imperialist countries, the establishment of enterprises abroad or independently, or the establishment of joint ventures with foreign capital, or the buyout of existing foreign enterprises at low prices. The monopoly bourgeoisie exports capital in the form of production capital, so as to buy raw materials and labor for production in importing countries and sell them on the spot at a price far lower than that at home, thus obtaining monopoly high profits. 1From the end of the 9th century to the beginning of the 20th century, until the eve of World War I, the major countries exporting capital were Britain, France and Germany, among which Britain ranked first. Although the United States has exported capital to other countries in the American continent, its debt is still relatively large. At that time, Britain mainly exported production capital, mostly to its colonies, which was closely related to its large number of colonies.

Impact 1. Capital export has two consequences in exporting countries.

On the one hand, capital export has enabled exporting countries to acquire a lot of wealth and greatly enhanced their economic strength. On the other hand, exporting countries have also created a rentier class. Because a large amount of capital has been invested abroad, domestic investment has decreased, resulting in the stagnation and slow development of their own economies. /kloc-the slow economic development of Britain and France, the two major capital exporting countries at the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, is a good proof.

2. Capital export has a dual impact on importing countries.

On the one hand, capital export objectively accelerates the disintegration of natural economy in importing countries, brings advanced technology and management experience, and alleviates the contradiction of capital shortage to a certain extent, thus promoting the emergence and development of capitalist mode of production in importing countries and promoting economic and social progress. On the other hand, because the purpose of capital export is to monopolize the market of backward countries and grab excess profits, capital export will destroy or hinder the development of local national capitalism or make the national capital of importing countries subordinate. This has caused the abnormal and slow economic development of backward countries, and the most fundamental consequence is that it has hindered the economic development and social progress of importing countries.

3. Capital export has also aggravated various contradictions.

Because the essence of capital export is a means for imperialist countries to exploit and enslave colonies and semi-colonies, it intensifies the contradiction between imperialism and colonial and semi-colonial people and triggers the national democratic revolution of the people in Asia, Africa and Latin America. At the same time, capital export is a means to seize the market of backward countries, attack competitors, and divide or re-divide spheres of influence, which strengthens the imbalance of imperialist economic development, so capital export also intensifies the contradictions among imperialist countries.