Pen, ink, paper and inkstone are unique instruments of paperwork in China, please give a brief introduction to them?

Huizhou Ink

Huizhou ink is produced in Tunxi, Shexian, Jixi and other places in Huizhou. It has a thousand-year history. Huizhou ink is made of pine as the basic raw material, infiltrated with more than 20 kinds of other raw materials, refined. The finished product has a black color, firm and light, into the paper does not fainting, long-lasting, rich fragrance and anti-corrosion and moth-proof characteristics, suitable for books and paintings. High-grade Huizhou ink has super top lacquer smoke, tung oil smoke, special pine smoke and so on.

The production of Anhui ink began in the Southern Tang Dynasty. The creator is Xi Chao, Xi Ting father and son. The middle of the Tang Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, due to the chaos of the clans, years of war, a large number of population and economic center of gravity to the south, Xi's family from Hebei Yishui (now Yi County) south, for the Huangshan Mountain Baiyue's strange and Lianxi, Xin'an of the wonderful attraction, and then settled in Shezhou. Xi's father and son is a skilled ink maker, at this time to get the ancient pines in southern Anhui Province as raw materials, and improve the pounding of pines, and glue and other technologies, and finally created a "rich and creamy texture, glossy as lacquer," the long-lasting, strong flavor of the good ink. Li Yu, the lord of South Tang Dynasty, loved calligraphy and painting, and called Xi Ting to be an official of the ink service, and rewarded him with a "national name". As a result, the Xi family became the Li family. Li Ting became the patriarch of the ancient and modern Mohists. During the Xuanhe period of the Song Dynasty, there was a situation in which "gold was easy to get, but Li Mo was hard to find".

Song, with the prosperity of the system, the formation of the "Hui family heirloom household practice" as well as "Xin'an people routinely work to make ink" of the situation. Yixian Zhang Yu, Huangshan Shen Gui, Shezhou Pan Gu, Xin'an Wu Zi, and so on, are ten to eleven centuries of the ink industry's famous figures. Zhang Yu is the founder of the soot ink, in order to make "for the Imperial ink" known to the world, and its "dragon incense agent" for successive generations of collectors to come after the treasure; Shen to account for the pine coal with fat, lacquer dregs of the burner, to get the smoke is very black, called the lacquer smoke, known as its ink "! Ten years as a stone, a little as lacquer"; Wu magnetic ink made by the wonderful "dregs do not stay inkstone", had been rewarded by Emperor Xiaozong of Song dynasty reward line 20,000 rewards. Pan Gu, a master ink maker who was popular for a while, was known as the "Ink Immortal". He made the "pine pill", "mythical beast" and other ink products, with "fragrance through the bones, grinding to the end, but the fragrance does not fade" advantages, known as "ink in the gods!

She inkstone

One of the four famous inkstones in China. Because of the stone in the ancient Shezhou (now Shexian) Longwei Mountain, so called "Sheyan". She inkstone has a history of more than 1,200 years. She inkstone stone tough, with the ink fast, does not damage the stroke, the ink does not dry, wash the easy to clean and so on, which "firm and moist" two words reflect the characteristics of the Sheyan. She inkstone of many varieties, which to the ribbed, eyebrow for the top grade.

Sheyan began in the Tang dynasty during the Kaiyuan years. According to the fifth generation of Tao Valley, "the love of the record" records, Tang Kaiyuan two years, Emperor Xuanzong gave the prime minister Zhang Wenwei, Yang Sha and other people of the "Dragon Scale moon inkstone", is a more expensive production of Shezhou Venus inkstone. It can be seen, the Sheyan inkstone has been handed down for at least 1,200 years.

Because of the Sheyan stone package Qing Ying, texture meticulous, firm and moist as jade, grinding ink without sound, y South Tang Yuanzong Li Jing's favorite, it set up in Shezhou inkstone, and the view of the master Li Shaowei recruited for the inkstone officer; specializing in the production of the view of the matter. Li Yu, the later lord of the South Tang Dynasty, said the Chengxintang paper, Li Ting ink, dragon tail jujube heart is now the world's crown, so that the reputation of the inkstone in Sheyang more vibrant. At the end of the Five Dynasties, Jiangnan war, inkstone pits flooded, the decline of the inkstone industry. Until the Song Dynasty King years, the school manager Qian Zhi to Shexian County, sent to find the flooded inkstone pit, they took measures to dredge the stream, stone is back, the inkstone industry re-emerged. Later, Jia right years, once again, the people to excavate. Thus, the production of inkstone once again showed prosperity, fine products continue to come out, and emerged to Zhou Quan as the representative of a number of carving inkstone masters. During this period, some of the monographs on leading inkstone, such as "Shezhou inkstone spectrum", "She inkstone", "She stone" also published one after another. Today, in the Anhui Provincial Museum, is still preserved a number of liberation unearthed after the Song Dynasty Sheyan, its stone quality firm moist fine, carved simple and elegant, no red tape, after looking at the eyes.

She stone of the geological age of the Aurora, one billion years ago, is a muddy viscous slate, Guangdong Duanshi's geological age for the Devonian, four hundred million years ago, is a muddy questionable gray rock. The average hardness of the Sheshi stone, for about four degrees, higher than the end of the stone zero point five degrees. Because of the Sheshi stone firm and moist, so there are "many years of ink, a wash that Ying" advantage, for the end of the stone is not as good as. Historically, the praise of the Sheyan poetry is very much. Such as the Northern Song Dynasty calligraphy four Su Wu, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, have made a very high evaluation of the Sheyan. Su Shi has a poem: "Luo fine ineffective corner wave flat, rice pill rhinoceros wall Pu Yunhong, the afternoon window to sleep up the first quiet, when listening to the west wind Lasser sound." The same poet to see the degree of obsession with the Sheyan inkstone. Once served as a scholar of the Palace of Duanming calligraphy Cai Xiang, occasionally got a Sheyan after the joy of chanting: "Jade pure pale reason to fine. The sharpness of all the ink without sound, Xiang Ru wen Dao also hold to go, willing to Qin people fifteen city" to protect the Sheyan compared to the value of the city and the wall, which is enough to show that a party of fine art now is how precious and rare.

Xuan pen

Jingxian production pen, a long history. Legend has it that since the ancient times since the book deed, China began to have a pen, but the early brush is very simple, and not called a pen. During the Warring States period, Chu called the pen for Iu, Wu said not law, Yan said F, to the Qin Dynasty began to be called the pen. According to the record, two two three years B.C., Tai General Mengtian south expedition to Chu, passing through Zhongshan (i.e., now Xuancheng, Jingxian area), to get the pure quality of the hair of the rabbit hair, and then made the first batch of improved Qin pen. Later generations called Howtian as the ancestor of the pen, then, this kind of Zhongshan hair made by the pen, should be said to be the ancestor of today's Xuan Pen.

The Xuan Pen is made of strictly selected materials and fine workmanship, and has a unique style of elegant molding, pure and durable hair, rigid and soft, and rounded and healthy tips. During the Tang and Song dynasties, Xuancheng rabbit hair (also known as purple hair) pens were highly admired and pursued by famous painters and calligraphers. The Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi wrote the popular "Purple Hair Brush Poem": "There is an old rabbit on the stone of Jiangshang, eating Liu and drinking springs to produce purple hair, Xuancheng workers pick for the pen, ten million hairs in the pick a hair." And also: "Every year when Xuancheng pens are imported, the price of purple hair is as expensive as gold." The poet Geng Wei, after testing the Xuan Pen, gladly wrote "Winged Xuanzhou Pen", praising it: "The falling paper is shocked by the wind, and the dew is thick on the rocking sky, and the boat is strange and the chronicle, so how can I leave it!" The Tang Dynasty listed Xuanzhou brushes as "tribute", with the stipulation that "six taels of green brushes and two taels of purple brushes were paid as tribute". To the Song Dynasty, pen craftsmen, pen technology and a step forward, the pen carving art has reached the point of exquisite. At that time, the pen industry in the country, to Xuancheng Zhuge high, Zhuge gradual, Zhuge Yuan, etc. reputation is the most important. Mei Sheng Yu's poem praised: "Zhuge Gao, the pen maker, was the first in the world." Su Dongpo, a famous writer, used the Xuanzhou pen when he took the examination, and after "not losing in the final test", he "thought it was a precious toy", and every time he got Zhuge's pen in his life, it was just a twist of meaning, and he said that, except for Xuancheng, not only were there no brushes in Lingnan, but there was no satisfactory brush, not even in "Dushita", and there was no satisfactory brush. "There is also no satisfactory pen. Xuan pen produced in our province Jing County, has a history of more than two thousand years. Because of its excellent quality, it was once listed as "tribute" and "imperial pen". Xuan Pen is made of carefully selected materials and strict craftsmanship, mainly made of rabbit hair, wool and wolf hair, with a unique style of "elegant decoration, pure and durable hair, moderate rigidity and softness, and rounded and healthy tip". There are more than 260 varieties, among which "Ancient Tire Hair", "Dream Brush"', "Lotus Bucket Pen" and other varieties are the finest pens.

Xuan paper

Xuan paper is named after the ancient Xuanzhou. With a history of more than a thousand years, the production of Xuan paper is mainly concentrated in Trail County. Xuan paper is famous for its thin texture, cotton toughness, whiteness and compactness. With aging resistance, strong tensile strength and no discoloration as the most important feature, it is known as "thousand-year life paper". Red Star brand rice paper was awarded the national famous brand.

Xuan paper Xuan pen produced in Jing County, has a long history of more than a thousand years. Historical records of Xuan paper, the earliest in the Tang. Tang Qianfu years, calligraphy and painting critics Zhang Yanyuan, "Tears of famous paintings through the ages" in the cloud; "good thing home should be set Xuan paper hundred; use the wax, to prepare for copying." This shows that the Tang Dynasty papermaking has been quite developed, and began to use Xuan paper for painting and calligraphy, but the level of production is not yet high, still need to "use the method of wax", before "copying".

According to the "Old Book of Tang" records, Tang Tianbao two years (AD 74 three years), Jiangxi, Sichuan, Anhui, South Anhui, Zhedong have produced paper tribute, Xuancheng County, a place to offer the paper is particularly exquisite. To the Southern Tang Dynasty, after the Lord Li Yu supervised the production of Chengxintang paper. "Skin like egg membrane; firm and clean as jade, fine drop of light and moist, crowned at a time", can be said to be a fine product in the Xuan paper. Song Dynasty painter Li Boshi, had used the Chengxintang paper to draw a "five horses", which has been famous for centuries.