Which friend please introduce the categories of Chinese painting in detail and so on? Thank you!

"Chinese painting" for short is a unique system of Chengdu in the world art field.

It uses brush, ink and Chinese painting pigments to draw on special rice paper or silk.

The themes are figure painting, landscape painting, flower and bird painting and animal painting.

In terms of techniques, it can be cited as meticulous brushwork and freehand brushwork, each with its own way and characteristics.

In terms of figure painting, it gradually matured from the late Zhou Dynasty to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, etc. It was not until the Sui and Tang Dynasties that painting materials were independently formed.

By the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, there were many schools and they were highly developed. Metaphysical ink painting is very popular.

In Ming, Qing and modern times, the former regulations were generally recorded. In each period, there are many innovative painters.

All over the world, art leaders or Chinese paintings have distinct national forms and unique styles.

In depicting objects, lines and ink are actively used to express body and texture, which is very expressive, and combined with poetry, prose and calligraphy seal cutting to achieve a vivid effect of "both form and spirit".

In addition, Chinese painting has a unique mounting form, which plays a role in setting off the painting body.

Literati painting:

It is a special name in the history of China painting, also known as "scholar-bureaucrat painting".

Taking bookish spirit as the standard to evaluate painting is poetic painting or poetic spirit.

Most of his works are based on landscapes, ancient trees, bamboo stones, flowers and birds.

Most of the expressions are ink painting or freehand brushwork.

Its representatives are Wang Wei in Tang Dynasty, Ni Yunlin in Yuan Dynasty, Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty, Badashanren in Qing Dynasty, Shi Tao and Wu Changshuo.

Most of their paintings pursue, and there are poems in the paintings and paintings in the poems.

After painting, poems are often painted on the theme, or poems are painted, so painting is used to express painting meaning and painting is used to express poetry.

It is called poetry.

Religious paintings:

Paintings based on religious teachings, stories and legends serve religious propaganda.

For example, there are portraits of immortals in Taoism, paintings of Buddha stories in Buddhism, and fairy portraits and legendary fairy stories and images in China as early as the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Buddhist painting was very popular in India in the Middle Ages, and then spread to China (together with Buddhism). Later, it was gradually depicted by ancient painters in China in the form of Chinese paintings, forming a Buddhist painting with China characteristics.

Institutional painting:

In the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Xu and Sacrifice were established in China. In the Five Dynasties, painting academies were established in Xishu and Nantang.

Hanlin Painting Academy was established in Song Dynasty, and excellent painters were selected to serve the imperial court.

Most of the landscapes, flowers and birds, figures and so on painted by painting academies in past dynasties require no color, meticulous, magnificent, rigorous composition, gorgeous colors, and some are very decorative, so they are called institutional paintings.

Folk painting:

In Chinese painting, it refers to all kinds of paintings made by street artists except professional painters and literati painters, who specialize in painting as a means of survival and cater to general market customs.

His works tend to be gorgeous, sweet and delicate. Different from professional painters and literati painters, his paintings pay more attention to poetic and picturesque cultural connotations.

It is loved by ordinary people at the general cultural level.

Folk painting, also known as craftsman painting, lacks strict skill training compared with institutional painting; Compared with literati painting, it lacks literary and theoretical literacy.

However, some of its advantages tend to be simple and enthusiastic, which are beyond the reach of literati paintings and academic paintings, and sometimes they are absorbed by literati paintings and academic paintings.

Animal painting:

In Chinese painting, animal images are used as artistic language to express people's hopes, fantasies and feelings. All animals can draw, but the main objects are common poultry, domestic animals and various animals in the zoo.

Animal painting does not require vividness, exaggeration and deformation are allowed, but it should have individuality and arouse the audience's imagination of the beauty of life.

Fan painting:

In the category of Chinese painting, painters and calligraphers of all ages like to paint or write on the fan to express their feelings, or collect poems for others or give them to friends as souvenirs.

The fan for storing calligraphy and painting is called a fan, which is framed into a book for easy collection.

From the shape, there are round fans and folding fans.

Light crimson landscape painting:

A coloring skill of China's landscape painting.

In other words, all landscape paintings with reddish and blue colors are collectively called pale crimson landscapes.

The method is to outline the changes of outline structure with thick and thin ink lines with wet and dry changes, and then paint light ochre (or mix a little cinnabar) to dye the rock and tree structure.

Finally, it is rendered in light blue.

Green landscape painting (and gold and blue landscape painting);

It is named after the application of strong mineral pigments in Chinese painting, mainly azurite and azurite pigments, which represent the green color of rocks and trees.

There are also stone carvings on the outline of turquoise rocks. This kind of landscape painting is also called golden and jade landscape painting.

The green landscape originated in Li Sixun in the Tang Dynasty, and Wang Ximeng's "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" in the Northern Song Dynasty is also one of the representatives of the green landscape.

Boneless painting (France);

A painting method of traditional flowers (flowers and birds) in Chinese painting.

Draw flowers and leaves directly with color or ink, without "pen bone"-that is, the outline outlined with ink lines.

According to Guo's Illustration in Song Dynasty, this painting method began in the Five Dynasties and Xu Chongsi's grandparents.

In fact, Xu Chongsi was just a "suburban yellow lattice". Xuan He Hua Pu recorded Huang Quan's Boneless Flower Branch Map.

The Collection of Clear Records of Tianku says that the yellow spring is "really like a pile of powder, and it is not circled" (note: in ancient China, powder was the color), which is a "boneless painting".

Meticulous painting:

One of the traditional painting methods of Chinese painting.

The painting method is neat and rigorous, taking the accurate image of the painted object as the criterion. Compared with "freehand brushwork".

In describing the general concept of the painted object.

Generally speaking, meticulous brushwork is called "meticulous brushwork" because it is neat and meticulous, and the details are rendered layer by layer, depicting objects with extremely delicate strokes.

Theme painting:

In Chinese painting, the painter expresses the position, society and life of the appreciator through certain story characters, scenes and themes. Or describe and reproduce some historical stories and events. It has certain reproducibility, authenticity or openness. Generally, the concept of each painting is relatively clear. Time, events, etc. Are relatively clear.

Freehand brushwork:

One of the traditional painting methods of Chinese painting, compared with meticulous painting, uses bold, concise and free-flowing pen and ink to describe the shape and spirit of objects and express the author's feelings.

Freehand brushwork painting uses generalization, exaggeration and rich association in the object of expression. Although the pen is simple, the artistic conception is complex and profound, and it has certain expressive force.

Must have the ability of high generalization, implicit artistic conception with twice the result with half the effort, accurate writing, skilled writing, easy writing and casual writing.

Boundary painting:

China's painting is a distinctive category.

When painting, use a ruler, hence the name: boundary painting. The origin is very early, and it existed in the Jin Dynasty.

Gu Kaizhi said: "It's hard, it's not good to move." .

By the Sui Dynasty, boundary paintings had been quite well drawn.

A special painting method in China's traditional painting.

In other words, painting with the painter's fingers instead of the traditional brush dipped in ink has a special interest and skill. So it's called finger painting.

In history, Gao's close friend Pan Hehong's finger painting had a great influence.

Landscape painting:

One of the unique paintings of Chinese painting department.

In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it gradually separated from figure painting and formed an independent painting material, which was fully mature in the Tang Dynasty.

The essence of landscape painting is to love nature and the exquisiteness of heaven and earth, so yin and yang, yin and yang, sunny rain, cold and summer, and fainting in the morning and evening are infinitely interesting.

Although there were many landscape painters from the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, their brushwork and status were very Gu Zhuo.

Through the efforts of Wang Wei, Zhang and others, the painting theory, painting method and composition of landscape painting have been improved, and China landscape painting has gradually taken shape. Hao Jing and Guan Tong of the Five Dynasties have new innovations and first-class stereotypes.

A new situation has emerged. In the Song Dynasty, Fan Kuan and Li Cheng had an unprecedented tripartite confrontation.

Landscape painting has reached an almost perfect state.

Flower and bird painting (flower painting):

This is a unique painting in China.

Painting is mainly about flowers, bamboo stones and birds and insects.

Simple patterns of flowers, birds, fish and insects appeared on pottery in China 4,500 years ago, which can be regarded as the earliest flower-and-bird painting in China.

According to Zhang Yanyuan's Records of Famous Paintings in the Tang Dynasty, the flower-and-bird paintings painted on silks in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty have gradually formed independent painting materials.

By the Tang Dynasty, it was mature, and there appeared Bian Luan who filled the color with meticulous brushwork, Yin Zhongrong who replaced the color with ink and separated the color with ink.

There were two developments in the Five Dynasties, namely "Xu and Huang".

One is Xu Xi, and the other is Jian Huang. Shen Qinan and Sun Xue lived in the Ming Dynasty.

I dabbled in pens and chased Xu Xi. Xu Qingteng's flowers, detached and refined, are graceful and colorful, and after passing through Qingshitao to the flowers of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics", they have more perfectly formed the three wonders of poetry, painting and calligraphy.

Miniature painting:

It is a relatively free lyric work of Chinese painting artists, and its casual works often reach a higher artistic level.

The reason is probably that there is not much restraint in thinking, which must be caused by random play.

Ink painting:

In Chinese painting, ink is one of the unique materials of Chinese painting, and it is the main raw material. The amount of clear water includes thick ink, light ink, dry ink, wet ink and Jiao Mo. Draw different shadows (black, white, gray).

Don't have a charm, called "Mo Yun". And form a painting form dominated by ink and wash.

Ink painting:

Chinese painting is based on "ink painting", on which color stippling is applied to make the picture richer, brighter and brighter than ink painting.

Boundary painting:

China's painting is a distinctive category.

When painting, use a ruler, hence the name: boundary painting. The origin is very early, and it existed in the Jin Dynasty.

Gu Kaizhi said: "It's hard, it's not good to move." .

By the Sui Dynasty, boundary paintings had been quite well drawn.

The pious boundary paintings in the picture books of past dynasties say: "Be merciful when touching things, and be wonderful in preparation, especially when living in a pavilion";

Comment on Dong Boren's boundary painting and praise him for "being born on the first floor, regardless of ancient and modern times".

Li Sixun's 90% Palace Fan Map and Gong Yuantu are also very successful. In the late Tang Dynasty, Yin, Wei Deyi and Zhao appeared in the Five Dynasties, Guo Zhongshu appeared in the early Song Dynasty, Li Rongjin appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, appeared in the Ming Dynasty, and Yuan Jiang and Yao Yuan appeared in the Qing Dynasty.

The existing Quelou Map on the west wall of Tang Yide Prince Li Zhongrun's tomb is the earliest large-scale boundary painting in China. Famous boundary paintings in Song Dynasty include Yellow Crane Tower and Wang Tengting.