What types of Chinese paintings are there?

In terms of techniques, it can be divided into three types: meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork and concurrent brushwork.

According to the subject matter, it can be divided into figure painting, landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting.

Chinese painting can be subdivided into ink painting, heavy color painting, light crimson painting, meticulous painting, freehand brushwork and line drawing according to its materials and expression methods. Chinese painting has many forms, such as long scroll (also known as hand scroll) and horizontal hanging; There are banners and main halls in the vertical direction; There are full-scale photo album pages and bucket squares; There are folding fans and round fans painted on the fan surface.

From the content of the painting, it can be divided into three categories: figures, landscapes and flowers.

Figure painting is one of the traditional painting themes in China, and its main content is to describe characters. Because of the different emphases of painting, it can be divided into portrait painting, story painting and genre painting. According to records, figure painting has reached a high level in the Spring and Autumn Period. The achievements of figure painting can be seen from the silk paintings unearthed from Chu tombs in the Warring States period. Figure painting has always been the most important theme of traditional painting in China.

Landscape painting, referred to as "landscape", is one of the painting disciplines in China. This is a painting with the theme of depicting the natural scenery of mountains and rivers. It gradually developed during the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, but it still served as the background of figure painting. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, many independent landscape paintings appeared. In the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, it became more and more mature, and the number of authors increased. Since then, it has become a major painting theme of Chinese painting. There are mainly turquoise, resplendent, boneless, light crimson, ink and other forms. In artistic expression, it emphasizes commercial position and artistic conception.

Flower-and-bird painting is one of the traditional painting themes in China. To depict flowers, bamboo stones, birds and animals, insects and fish as the main body of the picture. The simple fish and bird patterns on pottery four or five thousand years ago can be regarded as the earliest flower and bird paintings. According to Zhang Yanyuan's Records of Famous Paintings in the Tang Dynasty, during the Eastern Yin and Southern Dynasties, flower paintings painted on silks gradually formed an independent painting branch, and some specialized painters appeared. By the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, this branch of painting was more mature.

From the form or color of painting, it can be divided into: ink painting, turquoise, resplendent, light crimson and so on.

Ink painting refers to pure ink painting in Chinese painting. Legend has it that it began in the Tang Dynasty, became in the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and continued to develop since the Qing Dynasty. Take brushwork as the leading factor, give full play to the role of ink method, and achieve the artistic effect of "water dizzy ink printing" and "brilliant at the same time" It occupies an important position in the history of China painting. Zhang Tang and Yan Yuan's Notes on Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties: "Ink is transported in five colors." The so-called "five colors" have different opinions, or refer to burnt, thick, heavy, light and cyan, or refer to thick, light, dry, wet and black. Actually, it refers to the richness of ink color change.

Turquoise refers to the painting in which azurite and turquoise are the main colors in Chinese painting pigments. If it is a landscape painting, there are big turquoise and small turquoise. The former has more hooks, fewer strokes and heavier coloring; The latter is dominated by the light color of ink and wash.

Jinbi refers to the clay gold, azurite and azurite in Chinese painting pigments. All landscape paintings with these three pigments as the main colors are called "golden blue landscape", which is more clay and gold than "green landscape". Clay gold is generally used to hook and dye mountain contours, stone patterns, slopes, sand mouths, rosy clouds, official houses, pavilions and other buildings.

Pale crimson is a light-colored landscape painting with ochre as the main tone on the basis of ink painting. Painters such as Huang and Wang Meng in Yuan Dynasty painted landscape paintings, forming their own school. Ochre, also known as "Earth Zhu", is made of fire and water. The ochre in the painting appears in hematite. The original stone is made of hematite, which feels greasy by hand and is a good raw material. Originated in Yanmen, Shaanxi Province, it belongs to Dai Jun in ancient times, so it is also called "Dai and Zhejiang". Where there is hematite, there is ochre.

From the painting techniques, it can be divided into rough brush (splashing ink), fine brush (meticulous brush), sketch, freehand brushwork, painting, sketch, boneless painting and so on.

Splashing ink is a technique of Chinese painting. According to legend, Wang Qia, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, splashed ink every time he got drunk. Later generations generally refer to this bold brushwork and splashing ink as "splashing ink".

Meticulous brushwork is a method of meticulous brushwork in Chinese painting, which is symmetrical with freehand brushwork. Freehand brushwork is an indulgence of Chinese painting. It is required to write the form and spirit of the object with concise pen and ink to express the author's artistic conception.

Warping is a technique of Chinese painting, which is used to express the texture of stone and bark. The rock making methods mainly include pima group, raindrop group, cirrus group, Jie Suocun group, Niu Maocun group, lotus leaf group, folded band group, surrounded iron group, large and small split group and so on. The epidermis of a tree is represented by scales, ropes and stripes, all of which are named according to their respective shapes. These painting methods are the expression procedures created by ancient painters in their artistic practice according to the different texture structures of various rocks and the epidermis state of trees. With the continuous innovation and evolution of Chinese painting, this expression will continue to develop.

Line drawing is the professional name of Chinese painting. Originated from the ancient "line drawing". A method of drawing objects with colorless ink lines. There is also a slight light ink rendering. Mostly used for figure and flower painting.

Boneless is also the professional name of Chinese painting. Sketch doesn't need ink lines, you can draw objects directly with colors. After the Five Dynasties, the yellow spring in the middle of Shu painted flowers with thin hooks, and the handwriting was almost invisible after coloring, which was called "boneless flowers". In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xu Chongsi studied the yellow world as a primary school student, and the flowers he made were only painted in color, which was called "boneless painting", and later people called it "boneless painting". Another kind of landscape painting, called "Boneless Landscape" or "Boneless Map", is dyed with cyan, green and vermilion. According to legend, it was created by a monk in the Southern Dynasties, and Tang was good at this method.