What is the biggest difference between the Western civil service examination system and the imperial examination system?

I. The Imperial Examination System in China

The Imperial Examination System is a system of selecting officials through examinations in the feudal imperial dynasties of ancient China. It was called the imperial examination because of the method of selecting soldiers by dividing them into sections. It is characterized by fair competition and meritocracy.

Second, the Western civil service system

The so-called Western civil service system is essentially the British civil service system. 1870, the British government issued Order in Council No. 2, the examination of civil servants, recruitment, hierarchical structure, and other important principles to further determine and improve.

So far, the first civil official system in the modern history of the world was formally established in the United Kingdom, and was emulated by western countries. The civil official system in Britain was directly born out of China's imperial examination system. The British civil service system was born directly out of the Chinese imperial examination system, and their examination and recruitment of civil servants was actually the Chinese imperial examination system. Now the western countries on the civil service selection of the public competition, multi-level examination, gradual elimination and other principles and methods are directly inherited from the Chinese imperial examination system.

Three, the western civil service system and the imperial examination system is different.

The main points are as follows:

(a) the different selection and recruitment of objects.

The British civil official system is selected and recruited by the civil officials, actually is the officer, in China called bureaucrats or "mandarins". Britain's "civil officials" does not include the formation of the Cabinet of Ministers, Ministers and the Cabinet **** in and out of the "political officer", belonging to the politicians. The so-called "civil officials" only refers to "officials", that is, civil servants. Their duty was to carry out the policies of the government of the day. They were not involved in partisan disputes. Their existence ensured the stability and continuity of policies. "The two parties in the foreground take turns to rule, while the government in the background never changes".

The imperial examination system selects and employs the principal officials. "The night of the cave and the night of the candles, the time of the gold list. The earth pulse of Yang and movement, Shaohua full of new eyes." Once the gold list, then out of the phase into the general. In ancient China, the term "bureaucrat" was used to refer to a "staff officer". So there is a traditional bureaucratic class in China.

(ii) the difference in the content of the examination.

The British civil service system absorbed the rationality of the imperial examination system, but they took the essence and discarded the dregs. Abandon the ancient classics that the imperial examinations are empty and useless.

The civil service system examination content has natural sciences, language skills, different services officers need professional skills professional knowledge and other practical knowledge. Examination content with the times. Facilitate the establishment of a high-quality civil officials.

The imperial examination system examines the eight-legged essay and test post poetry and so on. The questions were from the Four Books and Five Classics, testing the Poetry, the Book, the Rites, the Yi, the Spring and Autumn Annals, and so on.

(3) The attributes of the system are different.

The imperial examination system and the modern Western civil service system belong to the same category of political organization. The difference is that the imperial examination system is only a talent selection and examination system. It includes the selection of civil officials as well as the selection of military officials. The civil official system belongs to the personnel organization system. It not only includes the selection and appointment of officials, but also includes the assessment of officials, rewards and punishments.

This difference in the attributes of the system is the biggest difference between the two. The imperial examination system tied the interests of politicians and handlers together and was prone to corruption, official inbreeding and other ugly phenomena.

In contrast, the Western civil service system was born with an attempt to make the day-to-day administrative system independent of politicians. It made the clerkship an independent state bureaucracy.

The modern Western civil service system was born out of the imperial examination system. Congratulations to our excellent traditional Chinese culture for being passed on and carried forward.

Wish this flower of civilization, the flower of wisdom in the garden of modern civilization bloom more gorgeous, more colorful, more colorful.