What are the homemade firearms in China?

Type 54 7.62mm pistol is the product of China's imitation of TT 1930/ 1933 pistol of the former Soviet Union. 1954 finalized, and is still equipped with troops. It is the largest pistol produced and equipped in China.

The automatic mode of Type 54 pistol is short recoil barrel, the locking mode is swinging barrel, the safety device is hammer safety, and the gun is also equipped with an empty magazine suspension mechanism.

Diameter: 7.62 mm

Full length:196mm

Gun width: 30mm

Gun height:128.5mm.

Barrel length:116mm.

Total weight: 0.85 kg

Length of aiming baseline: 156mm.

Initial velocity: 420-440m/s.

Rate of fire: 30 rounds per minute

Range: 50 meters

Bullet: 5 1 pistol.

7.62 * 25mm

Magazine capacity: 8 rounds

Second, type 59 pistol

The 59-type 9mm pistol is a product of our country that imitates the 9mm pistol of makarov of the former Soviet Union. 1959 stereotypes, guns are not equipped with troops.

Type 59 pistol adopts automatic mode without latch and has linkage firing mechanism.

Diameter: 9mm

Full length:163mm

Barrel length: 93.5mm.

Total weight: 0.8 1 kg

Length of aiming baseline: 130mm

Initial speed: 3 14m/s

Rate of fire: 30 rounds per minute

Range: 50 meters

Bullets: Type 59 pistol bullets.

9 *18mm

Magazine capacity: 8 rounds

Three. Type 64 pistol

Type 64 7.62 mm pistol is the first pistol designed and developed by our country. It was designed and finalized by 1964. Mainly equipped with military commanders and public security departments.

The automatic mode of Type 64 pistol adopts free gun mechanism, and is equipped with linkage firing, empty magazine hanging, magazine returning, magazine loading instruction and other mechanisms. Insurance institutions have many functions such as safety insurance, in-place insurance, automatic insurance and shooting insurance.

Diameter: 7.62 mm

Full length:155mm

Gun width: 23mm

Gun height: 100 mm

Barrel length: 85mm

Total weight: 0.65 kg

Initial velocity: 295-3 15m/s

Rate of fire: 30 rounds per minute

Range: 50 meters

Bullet: Type 64 pistol.

Magazine capacity: 7 rounds

Four, 67 micro pistol

The Type 67 7.62mm Microphone pistol is the first special pistol made in China. In the early 1960s, the People's Liberation Army of China put forward the requirement of developing light weapons with silencers for special reconnaissance troops. The gun was developed in 196 1 year and finalized in 1964. The total length of the muffler is 125mm, and a cylinder for preparing the gas diffusion chamber is added below the muffler. The cross section of the silencer is "8". Open a 64-type 7.62 mm pistol. It is mainly prepared for scouts and secret agents. It has an effective range of 30m and muzzle noise of 75dB. It has the characteristics of smoke suppression and extinction, and can be shot in a non-automatic or semi-automatic way. After simplification and improvement, the gun is a 67-type 7.62mm microphonic pistol.

Type 77 pistol

1976, a small pistol named1977 7.62mm pistol was successfully developed by jinan military area command machinery repair shop. The gun is a 64-type 7.62 mm pistol, which is the second pistol designed and developed by our country. Mainly equipped with senior officers, armed police, police and other special personnel. Because of its small size and light weight, it is more suitable for concealed carrying and special combat tasks. The gun adopts free bolt automatic mode, inertial locking, needle translation firing mechanism, and the safety mechanism has manual safety and in-place safety. Its uniqueness lies in the design of one-handed loading mechanism, which is unprecedented in various pistols abroad. By using this mechanism, it is possible to load bullets with one hand or eliminate misfire with one hand, which improves the timeliness and reliability of pistol shooting. Because of its unique design, elegant appearance, simple structure and convenient use, the gun can be loaded and fired with one hand, so it is favored by the army and attracted the attention of foreign counterparts.

Later improvements include 77B, 77B2, NP20, etc. , all 9 mm in diameter, using the internationally popular 9? 19 barabellaum bullet, the magazine capacity is 9 rounds, and the magazine safety and needle safety mechanism are added. The developer has done an experiment: after the safety of the pistol is turned on, the pistol will fall from six directions at the height of 1.3 meters, and it will still not go off. Its uniqueness lies in the design of a single-handed loading mechanism, which is convenient for loading or taking out blind bullets with one hand, and improves the timeliness and reliability of shooting.

Diameter: 7.62 mm

Full length:149mm

Weight: 500 grams

Capacity: 7 rounds

Combat firing rate: 30 rounds per minute.

Effective range: 50 meters

Initial speed: 3 18m/s

Muzzle kinetic energy: 242J 80 automatic pistol

1980, in order to adapt to the increasing trend of pistol ammunition capacity in the world, China light weapons researchers designed a powerful automatic pistol for grass-roots officers-1980 7.62mm pistol, also known as Type 80 assault pistol. Type 80 combat pistol is the first combat pistol designed and developed by our country. This is a fully automatic weapon, which can be fired once or repeatedly. In foreign countries, it is generally called an assault pistol. The design idea of this gun is to design a small, light and powerful individual self-defense weapon for grass-roots army officers and special professional soldiers, which can not only defend itself, but also penetrate. Its performance is no less than that of the 7.63mm Mao Se pistol, and it is planned to replace the Type 54 pistol. 1970 began to develop, 1980 finalized the design, and it took 10 years. Assault pistol has the advantages of both pistol portability and submachine gun firepower. It can be fired in single shot or in multiple bursts. It is equipped with two detachable gun butts: one is the gun butt of the holster; One is the butt of the dagger. With the butt, the shooter can shoot shoulder to shoulder, with an effective range of 50 meters and an effective range of 100 meters. The gun fires 5 1 7.62mm pistol bullets, the muzzle velocity is 470m/s, the muzzle kinetic energy is 6 17J, the gun length is 302mm (excluding the stock), and the total gun weight is 1.37kg (including 20 empty magazines). There are 10 magazines and 20 magazines to choose from. And is provided with a bomb storage indicator. You can use the thumb of your right hand with a gun to quickly toggle the transmitter to change the single continuous shooting state. The automatic mode is short recoil barrel, the locking mode is iron pendulum, and the firing mode is single shot or continuous shot. Although the gun is not equipped with troops, it makes up for the blank of this product in China with its unique design and good performance, and makes a forward-looking attempt for the serial development of pistols.

Five, 84 miniature pistol

Type 84 7.62mm miniature pistol is a kind of pistol designed and developed by our country, which is specially equipped for all kinds of guards and security personnel. Used to deal with a single living target in a narrow space or a short distance. It can fire three kinds of pistol bullets with free bolt automatic mode and single-action launching mechanism, which will not cause damage to surrounding facilities, such as anti-hijacking action on the plane. When using special bullets, it can penetrate the head of the hijacker, but it can't penetrate the skin and glass window of the plane. Launch a 7.62 mm Type 84 miniature pistol with a muzzle velocity of 200 m/s. ..

Diameter: 7.62 mm

Full length: 12 1 mm

Weight: 380 grams

Capacity: 6 rounds

Six, 92 type 9 mm pistol

QSZ92 semi-automatic pistol system (generally referred to as Type 92 pistol) * * * has two different caliber models. The development of these two caliber pistol systems was proposed by the military user department. 1987 began to demonstrate, and 1994 was formally established and handed over to the industry department for development. 1998 completed the design and finalization of 9mm pistol and its bullets, and completed the design and finalization of 5.8mm pistol and its bullets in 2000.

The new pistol system was developed to replace the Soviet similar product-Type 54 7.62 mm pistol. It is required to have China characteristics (an index that cannot be quantified or defined), the overall performance should reach or exceed the advanced level of similar weapons in the world, and new materials, new processes and new structures should be widely adopted and innovated. To this end, the scientific and technical personnel of the military demonstration department went deep into front-line combat troops, special combat troops, headquarters organs at all levels and military academies, went deep into pistol and bullet factories in the industrial sector, and held symposiums to solicit opinions on the development of new pistols. Through investigation, the guiding ideology of developing new pistol is clarified: improving weapon power, increasing warhead killing effect and armor-piercing performance, reducing weapon system quality and improving weapon maintainability; The appearance is beautiful and generous, and the main parts are interchangeable, which is convenient for mass production.

There are always different opinions on the choice and demonstration of pistol caliber. One opinion insists on unifying the caliber of foreign pistols and advocates adopting 9? 19mmPara caliber, this opinion accounts for 17% of those consulted. The reason is that foreign military pistols mostly use 9mm caliber, 9? 19mm bullet adopts lead warhead, which has enough lethality to personnel and good blocking effect, but its armor-piercing performance is poor. In order to meet the requirements of our army for the armor-piercing performance of pistols, steel-core bullet heads can be used, and their external dimensions and internal ballistics are the same as those of Parra pistols. The new pistol can use both newly developed steel-core bullets and Para lead-core pistols, which is beneficial to combat use and foreign trade export.

Another opinion insisted on using small caliber pistols, accounting for 63% of the people consulted. The reason is that it is a development trend of modern individual weapons to improve the killing power by using small caliber, small mass and high initial velocity warheads. In close range, steel-core bullets with small caliber, small mass, high muzzle velocity and large aspect ratio are easy to roll and yaw, resulting in large cavities, which have great killing effect on human body, and hardened steel cores also have good armor-piercing performance. In addition, dry small caliber bullets have small mass and volume, so they can increase the carrying capacity, reduce the load of soldiers and improve the operational efficiency.

After argumentation and research, the two caliber schemes have their own sufficient reasons and it is difficult to choose. Therefore, the demonstration department proposed officers below 9mm pistol equipment battalion and officers above 5.8mm pistol equipment regiment. As a new pistol series, developed at the same time.

In fact, the tactical and technical indicators of these two caliber pistols are basically similar, and they are all put forward according to the requirements of military self-defense combat pistols. When developing the 5.8mm pistol, the developer initially designed the scheme according to the requirements of tactical and technical indicators, and the total length of the pistol was190 mm. During the design review, experts and military users felt that the self-defense pistol was too large as an officer above the equipment regiment, so it was suggested to shorten the total length of the pistol. 1in March 1995, the ammunition factory conducted an experiment. The barrel of a ballistic gun has been reduced from 1 10 mm to 90mm, and the accuracy and power of bullets are basically the same as those of 1 10mm, so we started to design a short barrel, and the total length of the barrel is 170 mm to 1996. 1March, 996, we went back to the original tactical and technical indicators to design the long gun tube scheme until the design was finalized.

The demonstration and development of type 92 pistol series are carried out at the same time. Because the 9mm pistol requires that both the new bullet and the 9mmPara bullet can be used, and the Para bullet can be directly used for testing before the new bullet is developed, the development progress of the 9mm pistol is relatively fast. The research group selected five schemes from a dozen schemes for expert review.

The pistol consists of bolt assembly, launcher assembly, magazine assembly, grip assembly, barrel, barrel sleeve, recoil spring, recoil spring guide rod and connecting seat. It is not only light in weight and simple in structure, but also has the following characteristics:

-Complete function settings, with manual safety, injection safety and dislocation safety, with the functions of displaying the remaining bullets in the chamber, displaying the remaining bullets in the magazine, hanging the empty magazine, etc.

—— The principle of short recoil automatic gun barrel is adopted, and the energy matching is reasonable;

-The barrel rotation locking mechanism is adopted, which is beneficial to improve the shooting accuracy;

―― Double-row and double-feed projectile feeding mode is adopted, which improves the reliability of projectile feeding in harsh environment;

-Semi-automatic launching mode with single action and linkage function;

-Adopt various design skills, simplify the structure, reduce the number of parts of the whole gun, and quickly decompose and assemble incompletely without any tools, with good service;

-The gun bottom handle (sleeve seat) made of new engineering plastics has comfortable grip and good hand feeling, and it also has shock absorption function when shooting;

-Both the camera door and the sight are equipped with fluorescent spots, which is convenient for aiming at night. At the same time, there is also a laser sight interface, which is convenient for installing the laser sight.

-Two-way manual safety handle and reversible magazine button are convenient for left-handed shooters;

-If necessary, the gun can also fire a "Parabellum" pistol. The ammunition fired by the new pistol is developed in China, with reasonable design, high penetration and good accuracy. After penetrating the helmet steel plate at 50 meters, it can also penetrate the pine board with a thickness of 50 mm, and the killing effect is obviously better than that of the "Parabellum" pistol bullet.

Diameter: 9mm

Full length:190mm

Gun width: 35 mm

Gun height:135mm

Total weight: 0.76 kg

Barrel length: 1 1 1 mm.

Length of aiming baseline:152mm

Initial speed: 350m/s

Range: 50 meters

Bullet: DAP92 pistol.

9 *19mm

Magazine capacity: 15 rounds

Full gun life: more than 3000 rounds.

Seven, 92 type 5.8 mm pistol.

At present, all countries in the world have realized small-caliber weapons (Russian caliber 5.45mm, western countries 5.56mm and China 5.8mm). But should military pistols also take the road of small caliber? According to wound ballistics's research results, it is imperative for troops to be equipped with small-caliber military combat pistols. At present, only Russian troops are equipped with 5.45mm small-caliber self-defense pistols in the world. It is reported that the west is also developing a 5.7mm small caliber pistol, but it has not yet been equipped with troops. China began to develop small-caliber military combat pistols earlier, starting with 1994. After 7 years of technical scheme demonstration and engineering development, it has passed the national shooting range design finalization test and the military cold zone, hot zone and salt spray zone test, and all indicators have fully met the tactical and technical requirements.

Type 92 5.8 mm pistol

1 performance

5.8mm pistol is a military combat pistol for our army commanders and related personnel (such as special forces), which is mainly used to kill living targets within 50m distance; After the pistol bullet normally penetrates the steel plate of helmet 232 within 50 m, it can also penetrate the pine board with a thickness of 50mm, and its killing effect is better than that of foreign 9mm Barabellum pistol. The cavity effect caused by warhead invading human body is 2.5 times that of Barabellum pistol, and the killing power of pistol is the highest in the world.

structure

Unique opening and locking mechanism of 1

Because the bore pressure and muzzle velocity of 5.8mm pistol are relatively high, a reasonable opening and closing mechanism must be adopted to make the bolt lighter and the recoil speed not too high, so as to ensure the stability and comfort of shooting. 5.8mm pistol adopts semi-free automatic mode of inertial locking and barrel rotation. After the bolt has a free stroke of 2mm, the bolt forces the barrel to rotate, which consumes the recoil energy of the bolt, reduces the recoil speed and recoil impact, so it is comfortable to hold and not shake hands when shooting, and can improve the shooting accuracy.

1.2.2 Improve insurance institutions

Manual insurance

Manual safety is installed on the base of the transmitter, and the left and right handles are exposed on both sides of the bottom handle, which is convenient to operate and fast to switch. When the handle is placed in a safe position, the hammer and the bolt can be locked at the same time, so that the hammer cannot be pressed and the trigger cannot be pulled. Manual safety is also designed with the function of waiting for strike, which can directly switch the whole gun from the waiting state to the safety state. In the process of switching, the hammer rotates under the action of its spring force and acts on the safety, and will never strike the pin, thus ensuring the safety of use.

Acupuncture insurance

Needle strike insurance is to prevent accidental impact (such as falling to the ground) when there are bullets in the gun chamber. It uses the injection safety shaft to lock the injection to achieve the purpose of safety. As long as you don't pull the trigger, no matter what kind of accident happens, the needle can't move forward, so as to prevent accidental fire and ensure safe use.

Under-insurance

In-situ fail-safe is designed for safe use. It ensures that every bullet must be fired after the bolt is locked in place, otherwise it cannot be fired even if the trigger is pulled.

1.2.3 Launching mechanism with single-action and linkage functions

This gun can not only ensure the first linkage and rapid firing, but also ensure the second firing when the firing is silent. When the hammer is about to fire, it is single-action firing, with small trigger force, short stroke and high shooting accuracy.

1.2.4 Pay attention to man-machine efficiency

This gun has a beautiful appearance and a comfortable grip. The high-strength and toughness engineering plastic integrated gun bottom handle has a good hand feeling and solves the problem of freezing hands when used in severe winter.

The design of safety handle and magazine button is convenient for both hands to use. The safety handle is set left and right, and both sides of the bottom handle are exposed, which can be used by both hands. The installation direction of the magazine buckle can be changed as required to adapt to left-handed use.

There are fluorescent spots on the sight and the camera door, which is convenient for shooting at night. There are grooves on both sides of the pistol, and a laser sight can be installed to improve the shooting accuracy.

1.2.5 Good service and maintainability

The gun adopts the design principle of multi-purpose and multifunction. For example, the reentry spring not only provides power for the reentry of the bolt, but also resets the hook handle; The hammer spring also serves as a safety positioning spring; The hammer spring seat also serves as a safety locating pin. Adopt the component combination structure, reduce scattered small pieces as much as possible, facilitate the decomposition and combination, and prevent the loss of components.

1.2.6 new materials and new processes are widely used.

Replacing the traditional metal gun bottom handle with the integral handle structure of engineering plastic with good thermoplasticity and high strength has the advantages of simple processing technology, one-time injection molding, good consistency and economy; The main structural parts such as launcher bracket adopt stamping process, which has high efficiency; Chemical composite film-forming technology is used for surface treatment to improve corrosion resistance.

1.2.7 Good reliability design

In order to improve the reliability of weapons, we should attach importance to reliability design from the beginning. The reliability of ammunition supply has a great influence on the reliability of weapon system. Adopt 20 rounds of double-row compound magazine with large ammunition quantity, the upper part of the front elastic rib is deepened locally, and the action position of the supporting spring at the rear end of the pallet is moved down, so as to ensure that the bullet does not bow its head and tail, and the ammunition supply is reliable; In order to prevent the magazine from accumulating sediment and dirt in special environment, improve the reliability and reduce the quality of the magazine, on the premise of ensuring the service strength, through slots as long as possible are set on both sides of the magazine, and round holes are drilled on the magazine cover.

The rotating spiral groove of the barrel is arranged at the top of the inner surface of the bolt, and the protrusions on the barrel cooperate with it, which is not easy to deposit sediment and dirt, and is beneficial to the stable and reliable movement of the bolt.

Two pistol bullets

2. 1 The warhead structure is pointed, arc-shaped, flat-headed, with an extended steel core and a tail cone. Good shape coefficient, small resistance, strong speed storage capacity, large specific energy of cross section and good penetration effect.

2.2 Warhead adopts large aspect ratio, which is easy to lose stability and roll over after contacting with soft targets, causing great damage.

2.3 The bullet head of the pistol is designed with a hard steel core, whose specific energy is large enough to penetrate the 232 helmet steel plate, and there is a lead column with large mass and specific gravity behind the steel core, which further enhances the penetration and killing power of the steel core by using its inertial thrust.

2.4 The steel core and lead column combined structure is adopted to determine the reasonable position of the center of mass of the warhead, and the assembly quality is not eccentric through technology to improve the shooting accuracy.

The successful development of 5.8 mm pistol and ammunition indicates that the military small-caliber combat pistol will replace the old-fashioned large-caliber combat pistol. Following the emergence of 5.7mm and 5.45mm pistols in the world, 5.8mm small-caliber pistols came into being, which reflected the development trend of small-caliber weapons for personal use.

Three main technical elements

Type 92 5.8 mm pistol

Caliber 5.8 mm

Use DAP5.8mm ordinary ammunition.

The weight of the whole gun is 0.76kg (including empty magazine).

The total length of the gun is 188mm.

The magazine capacity is 20 rounds.

Semi-automatic shooting mode

Automatic drum semi-free gun type

Locking mode inertial locking

Initial speed (V5)460? 15m/s

The shooting accuracy is R50≤55mm, and R 100≤ 140mm.

(25 m standing posture, unsupported)

fault rate

The life of the whole gun is ≥3000 rounds.

DAP5.8mm ordinary pistol

Caliber 5.8 mm

The total length of the bomb is 33.5 mm.

The total mass of the projectile is 5.96 grams.

The mass of the warhead is 2.99 grams.

Initial speed (V5)480? 10 m/s

Average maximum bore pressure ≤220MPa.

Accuracy (fixed frame, 25m) r50: 15mm, r 100: 42mm.