What is the principle of fracturing in petroleum exploration?

Fracturing is a method to form fractures in oil reservoirs through hydraulic action, also known as hydraulic fracturing of oil reservoirs. The process of reservoir fracturing is to use a fracturing truck to squeeze high-pressure and large-displacement liquid with a certain viscosity into the reservoir. When many fractures are formed in the reservoir, proppant (such as quartz sand) is added to fill the fractures, so as to improve the permeability of the reservoir and increase the water injection (water injection well) or oil production (oil well). Commonly used fracturing fluids include five basic types: water-based fracturing fluid, oil-based fracturing fluid, emulsified fracturing fluid, foam fracturing fluid and acid-based fracturing fluid.