The mechanism of action of antimicrobial drugs and the performance of bacteria to acquire drug resistance?

(1) mechanism of action: ① inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, such as β-lactams and penicillin binding protein binding, inactivation of transpeptidase, preventing the formation of peptidoglycan; ② affect the permeability of the plasma membrane, such as polyene antifungal drugs to increase membrane permeability, so that the bacterial contents of the leakage of the death of the; ③ inhibit protein synthesis, such as chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and macrolides in the role of the 50S subunit, and the role of tetracycline and aminoglycoside antibiotics in the 30S subunit. antibiotics act on the 30S subunit ④ affect folate and nucleic acid metabolism, such as quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase, rifampicin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (2) Resistance manifestations: ① reduce the permeability of the outer membrane; ② generation of inactivation enzymes; ③ change the structure of the target site; ④ drug active exocytosis system activity enhancement; ⑤ change the metabolic pathway.