What are the characteristics of pipeline transportation? What goods are usually transported?

First, the characteristics of pipeline transportation:

(1) The traffic is heavy.

Oil pipelines can continuously complete transportation tasks. According to the size of its pipe diameter, its annual transportation volume can reach millions to tens of millions of tons, or even more than 100 million tons.

(2) Less land occupation.

The pipeline is usually buried underground, occupying less land; The construction practice of transportation system proves that the buried part of transportation pipeline accounts for more than 95% of the total length of the pipeline, so the permanent land occupation is very small, which is only 3% of the highway and 10% of the railway respectively. In the transportation planning system, it is of great significance to give priority to the pipeline transportation scheme for saving land resources.

(3) The construction period of pipeline transportation is short and the cost is low.

A large number of practices in transportation system construction at home and abroad have proved that the construction period of pipeline transportation system is generally shorter than 1/3 compared with the railway construction period with the same volume. Historically, it only takes 23 months for China to build a 1, 152 km oil pipeline from Daqing to Qinhuangdao, but it takes at least 3 years to build a railway with the same capacity. The estimated construction period of the 4,200-kilometer natural gas pipeline from Xinjiang to Shanghai is no more than 2 years, but if a special railway line with the same capacity is built, the construction period will exceed 3 years. In particular, the geological and geomorphological conditions and climatic conditions are relatively poor, so it will be more difficult and take longer to build a railway on a large scale. Statistics show that the cost of pipeline construction is about 60% lower than that of railway.

Comparison between pipeline transportation of natural gas and LNG. Take the transportation of 300 m3/a(m3/ year) natural gas as an example. For example, the investment in the construction of 6000 km pipeline is about $654.38+0.2 billion; The investment in building an LNG plant of the same scale (20 million tons) needs more than 20 billion US dollars; In addition, about 20 LNG ships with a capacity of 6.5438+0.25 million cubic meters are needed. The cost of an LNG ship with a capacity of 6.5438+0.25 million cubic meters is more than 200 million dollars, and the total shipbuilding cost is about 4 billion dollars. From the perspective of investment alone, the use of liquefied natural gas is much higher than that of pipelines.

(4) Pipeline transportation is safe, reliable and continuous.

Because oil and gas are flammable, explosive, volatile and easy to leak, adopting pipeline transportation is not only safe, but also can greatly reduce the volatilization loss, and at the same time can greatly reduce the pollution of air, water and soil caused by leakage, which means that pipeline transportation can better meet the green requirements of transportation engineering. In addition, because the pipeline is basically buried underground, the harsh and changeable climatic conditions have little influence during transportation, which can ensure the long-term stable operation of the transportation system.

(5) Pipeline transportation has the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost and good benefit.

In developed countries, oil is transported by pipeline, and the energy consumption per ton kilometer is less than 1/7 of that of railway, and the transportation cost is close to that of a large number of water transportation. Therefore, under the condition of no water, pipeline transportation is the most energy-saving transportation mode. Pipeline transportation is a continuous project, and there is no no-load driving in the transportation system, so the transportation efficiency of the system is high. Theoretical analysis and practical experience prove that the larger the pipeline diameter, the farther the transportation distance, the greater the transportation volume and the lower the transportation cost. Taking oil transportation as an example, the transportation cost ratio of pipeline transportation, waterway transportation and railway transportation is 1: 1: 1.7.

Second, pipeline transportation generally transports oil and natural gas.

Pipeline transportation is a long-distance transportation mode of liquid and gas substances using pipelines as transportation tools, which is specially used to transport oil and natural gas from the place of origin to the market.