Three characteristics of Durkheim's social facts

Its social facts have the following three characteristics:

1. Social facts are external and objective to individuals. Social facts are not influenced by individual subjective consciousness, but exist objectively independently of individuals.

2. Social facts are mandatory and must be observed. Social facts bind individuals through their coercive power, and individuals must abide by the code of conduct stipulated by social facts.

3. Social facts are collective and universal. Social facts constitute the * * * characteristics of society and are the common characteristics of all members of society or quite a few members.