1, what are the characteristics of ancient architecture in China?

The ancient buildings in China used wooden structures as the load-bearing structures. The wooden beam-column system was initially complete and widely used in the Spring and Autumn Period of BC, and it became more mature in the Han Dynasty. Wood structures can generally be divided into beam-lifting type, bucket-crossing type and well dry type, with beam-lifting type being the most common. Beam lifting structure is a set of roof truss, which is built on the column foundation along the depth direction of the house, and the beam is placed on the column. Several layers of melon columns and beams are overlapped on the beams, and then the melon columns are erected on the top beams. Two groups of parallel frames are connected to the upper ends of columns with transverse purlins, which are placed on the beam heads and ridge melon columns of each floor to connect the frames with the load-bearing roof. The rafters between purlins form the skeleton of the roof. In this way, two groups of frames can form a room, and a house can be a room or multiple rooms.

(2) Unique monomer modeling

The monomer of ancient buildings in China can be roughly divided into three parts: foundation, roof and roof. All important buildings are built on pedestals, which are usually one floor. Large halls, such as the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, are built on tall triple bases. The plane forms of single buildings are mostly rectangular, square, hexagonal, octagonal and round. These different plane forms play an important role in the facade image of the building. Because of the wooden frame structure, the treatment of the house is very flexible, and the door and window column walls are often treated and decorated according to different materials and parts, which greatly enriches the image of the house.

(3) Symmetrical and rigorous group combination and layout.

The ancient buildings in China are composed of many single buildings, ranging from palaces to houses. Its layout is strictly directional, often north-south. Only a few buildings adopt flexible forms due to the limitation of topography, and some have changed their directions due to the influence of religious beliefs or geomantic thoughts. Founder's rigorous layout thought mainly stems from the geographical position of the middle reaches of the Yellow River in ancient China and the influence of Confucianism.

(four) the variety of decoration and decoration

The ancient buildings in China pay special attention to decoration, and all the building parts or components should be beautified. Because of the different properties of parts, the selected images and colors are different. Architectural painting is an important feature of ancient architecture in China and an indispensable architectural decoration art.

(5) Freehand brushwork landscapes

An important feature of China classical gardens is artistic conception, which, like China's classical poems, paintings and music, focuses on freehand brushwork. Gardeners use landscapes, rocks, flowers, trees and buildings to express a certain artistic realm, so China classical gardens are called freehand landscape gardens. As far as the artistic creation of landscaping is concerned, it absorbs all kinds of things, shapes models, supports itself, sublimates natural beauty into artistic beauty through observation and refining, and expresses its feelings. Scenery appreciation arouses some feelings in the trigger of scenery, and then sublimates into an artistic conception, so scenery appreciation is also an artistic re-creation. The re-creation of this art is a self-expression process in which the viewer expresses his feelings and emotions through the scenery. It is also a spiritual sublimation, which purifies people's minds and reaches a higher ideological level.