What were some of the most typical buildings in China in the 1950s?

Gardens. In ancient Chinese architecture, wood, brick and tile were the main building materials, and wood frame structure was the main structural form. This structural form consists of columns, beams, purlins and other major components. There are three kinds of wooden frame structure in ancient China: hanging beam, pierced bucket, vertical well, the way of hanging beam is to frame the beam on the column, the beam on the beam, so it is called "beam hanging type". This structure is often used in palaces, temples, monasteries and other large buildings.

Traditional Chinese architecture advocates the "unity of heaven and mankind", emphasizes "quiet" and "pure" life, and implies a peaceful environment. Whether it's a courtyard in the south of the Yangtze River or an independent courtyard, all of them pursue the harmony between human beings and the environment: focusing on the stability of the living environment, security and a sense of belonging. While inheriting the essence of traditional Chinese architecture, new Chinese architecture pays more attention to the value of modern life. Unlike simple antique buildings, New Chinese Architecture focuses on improving comfort, such as giving more consideration to privacy in design, enhancing lighting and ventilation, improving the position of bathrooms and kitchens in rooms more effectively, better creating room environments for the elderly, and a rational division of labor and organic coordination between the living environments of children and couples. In addition, more innovative strokes of modern life flow are absorbed in the treatment of courtyards and basements, such as external courtyards and internal balconies, making Chinese architecture appear more natural, modern and vital.

New Chinese Architecture has transformed various elements of traditional architecture through modern materials and techniques, and has made necessary evolutions and abstractions on this basis. The original appearance of the traditional building is not visible, but in terms of overall style, it still retains the charm and essence of the Chinese residence. In terms of spatial structure, it intentionally follows the layout form of traditional houses and continues the tiled roofs used in traditional houses, but does not follow the old style. It absorbs local architectural colors and styles according to local characteristics and can become its own.

Generally speaking, new Chinese architecture can be divided into two schools: the northern courtyard school and the southern garden school. Northern courtyard building appearance using Beijing courtyard grey slope roof, tube tile and a certain height of the wall and courtyard enclosure, the material is mostly gray bricks, strong regional color, majestic; space structure as much as possible to design the courtyard space, the pursuit of the quadrangle quadrangle complete surrounded by the form.