Xinchang tune of Yue Opera

Tune tune, also called "tune-down", is one of the ancient operas in China. It is centered on Shaoxing and Xinchang and popular in the old states of Yue, Taiwan, Ming, Wen, Yan, Wu and Chu. Xinchang Opera Troupe is the only remaining flirt performance group.

The origin of Qupai Qupai, Ming Chenghua's "Xinchang County Records and Customs" contains: "The natives are happy people, and there are more than ten Li people." In the same book "Customs and Lantern Festival", it was written: "Before the first month of the lunar calendar, people in the city paid for lanterns, … I stayed up all night doing opera until I was sixteen or seventeen." The article "Custom and Wedding" also said: "After marrying his ex-wife, prostitutes sang Li Luolian into the bridal chamber". Ming Wanli's "Xinchang County Records, Customs and Banquets" contains: "Some guests are more active in hosting and making zaju, which is quite fascinating." The above amorous feelings reflect the general situation of early plays. In "Memories of Tao 'an Dreams" written by Zhang Dai in Yin Shan at the end of Ming Dynasty, he wrote: "It was night in October (1634) in JOE, and Peng Tianxi and Luo San performed a local opera with the people, which was absolutely wonderful; It's wonderful to have Chu Sheng and Su Zhi. " The same book is full of clouds; "Michusheng, female opera ear, tune the cavity to play ear, its branches, white, those who have this cavity can't get one tenth. Mr. Gai Siming and Mr. Yao Yicheng, with delicate temperament, are both particular about joints with Chu Dynasty, which is reasonable. For example, the old teachers in Kunshan have carefully imitated the dramas such as Jiang Tian Mu Xue, Xiao Guang Jian and Man in the Painting, but they must not add any details. " The "local accent" mentioned in it is Kunqu Opera. Later, Rugao Mao Xiang said in Selected Works of Nanjiao Family Record Park Chao: "Xin Si (164 1) was very cold on February 18th, and he was drinking in the lake, watching Mi Chusheng perform Dou Eyuan. In the tenth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, in the fifth issue of the drama "Tin Six Rings" written by Sun Dan in Fenghua (see five episodes of the ancient drama series), it was specially noted that five songs, such as "Continued Gold" and "In Yun Fei", needed to be sung in tune. It shows that Qupai Qupai has been popular in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Fenghua in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and has been loved by scholars and audiences.

Qingganlong Renzimen (1792) wrote Lu Zhonggeng's Poems of Jianhu Zhi Zhu, saying, "It is a new thing to give feathers, increase printing and spit, and recommend breasts to pray for the riverside. Now it is spread in Vietnam with high profile, followed by Mushi Wuer. " The first two sentences refer to the traditional repertoire of Qupai performances, such as Cut the Face of the Horse and The Story of Chai Jing. "Yuyue" is the name of the ancient county of Shaoxing, and "May 2" should refer to Kunqu Opera. Although the author is partial to this Zhi Zhu Ci, it is not difficult to see the status of "Diao" at that time. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Qu Shangsheng and Tsui Hark wrote in the eleventh volume of Notes on the Qing Dynasty: "Shaoxing's high flirting is a high-profile song, and it is suspected that it is the so-called Manzhuo in ancient times. The actor sang Long song and the people in the backcourt made peace with him. As Zhu Yunming said, "those who chase after the time are melodious".

Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty treated a disgrace (1865), Yin Shan Li Ciming wrote in the Diary of Yuemaotang: On the ninth day of August, Guan Qun's jade class acted, and the jade pillow was plain for more than ten years. Today is a long day. Lan Ru, Fang Yi and Xiao Mei are also here, so that Yu Zhen can perform "Dream, Dream" and go aboard to watch the play. It shows that tune opera is still loved by the audience in the late Qing Dynasty.

The class adjustment agency that can still be tested today is the first famous "Tang Qunyu" in Daoguang period. Later, class clubs such as Laoqunyu, Yingqunyu, Pisces Qunyu, Pisces Jinlin and Pisces Ji Xian were established one after another, which became famous all over the world. Soon, Qupai Opera Troupes sprang up like mushrooms after rain, and the famous Qupai Opera Troupes in Xiaoshan and Shaoxing grew stronger and stronger, with the emergence of Wen Xiu Stage, Movable Stage, Toad Stage, Boss Stage, Datong Academy Stage, * * * Harmony Stage, Tanguiyue Zhongtai Stage, Guixian Stage and Xinda Stage. In Xinchang, there are Songfengtai, Laofengtai, Zhanglaofengtai, Lulaofengtai, Wulaofengtai, Jinfengtai, Fengwutai, Ririxin, Riyueming, Yuetai, Liansheng Qunyu, Dasanyuan, Datong Garden and Xintongyuan. Employees 197 (Xinchang is commonly known as twelve and a half tones), and there are 26 people in Panyi Village under Jingping, Xinchang. To be exact, the box is sealed at the end of the year, and the artist can start playing when he returns home. Shows the grand occasion of the performance at that time. The tune is divided into three branches: Sankeng Class, Ninghai Pingdiao and Ruian Gaoqiang. Sankeng Class was named after the first class was held in Sankeng Village, Xinchang. There are four or five classes, Rui Qingfeng, Sun Chun and Hu Yongchun. Songs, like vocals and tunes, can be performed in parallel at any time. Ninghai Pingdiao, also known as Sanmen Pingdiao, is a tune branch popular in Sanmen, Ninghai, Tiantai and Xiangshan in the old Taizhou prefecture. Because of the long-term class with Ning Kun, influenced by Kunqu opera, the tone is graceful and soft, so it is named Pingdiao. There has also been a relatively vigorous period of leveling, and class clubs have spread widely. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were more than ten classes in Ningbo, including Wu Juyuan, Ning Stage, Wang Juyuan, Yang Juyuan, Yan Juyuan, Yang Jufeng and Zhongshan Stage.

Rui 'an Gao Qiang, also known as Wenzhou Gao Qiang, seems to belong to another branch that flowed to Wenzhou via Taizhou from the repertoire, aria and memories of old artists, and has little to do with the so-called Wenzhou dialect in the early Southern Opera. Because there was no professional club in Ryan before liberation, there were only some scenes and materials left! In addition, in Yuyao, Shangyu, Xinchang, wen county and other places, various singing classes are also popular. Shangyu is called Zhaitang class, Xinchang and wen county are called Taoist class, and Yuyao is called plainclothes singing class.

Tunes have been very popular since the middle period of self-knowledge, but they have been dominated by various tunes, such as random play. Especially in the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China, there were many wars and defeats, domestic troubles and foreign invasion, and the people were in dire straits. On the eve of liberation, only Xinchang tune was left!

From 65438 to 0950, this kind of drama attracted the attention of East China Opera Research Institute, Shanghai Conservatory of Music and Provincial Cultural Bureau, and began to investigate and study. From 65438 to 0954, diaspora artists gathered to form a semi-professional Xinchang Xinyi flirt class. 1957 summer, the first tenor training course. 1959, Xinchang Gaoqiang Opera Troupe was established, with a large number of talents. At the same time, it is equipped with writers, directors, composers, dancers and other professionals to gradually improve the artistic system. In the early 1960s, I began to dig out and sort out traditional tunes and musical tunes. In addition to compiling some traditional plays into drafts, it also compiled a six-volume Qupai Qupai Collection. In the 1980s, he began to sort out the historical materials of Qupai Qupai, and wrote A Preliminary Study of Qupai, which was read at the national Qupai academic seminar and published in the Art Research published by Culture and Art Publishing House. Tune Music Collection further enriched the content, compiled into Tune Yuefu, and later expanded into Tune Music Integration, with a total of 6,543,800 words, leaving a precious cultural heritage for future generations. Traditional repertoire, after adaptation, has achieved fruitful results. 1985, Noisy Jiujiang participated in the performance of the first provincial drama festival, and won three awards in one fell swoop: excellent performance award, drama award and spiritual civilization award, which was well received by representatives of more than ten provinces and cities. "Noisy Jiujiang" and "Shen Fengjing" were shot into a drama comic book by China Drama Publishing House and distributed at home and abroad. Xinchang Tune Troupe is the only troupe in China that can perform the Yuan Dynasty zaju The West Chamber. In order to save this precious cultural heritage, the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture allocated special funds to rearrange the play in the winter of 1986, and the traditional tunes "Pipa", "The West Chamber" and "Autumn Night in the Han Palace" were recorded by the video team of the Provincial Academy of Art in 1987. In the same year, the two troupes, Diaodiao and Yue Opera, merged to recruit new students and formed the county art school. After three years' training, 1989, the Tuned Troupe was rebuilt.