The origins of basketball and the development of today's basketball features development

In early December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, the YMCA International Training School (later Springfield College), invented by the school's physical education teacher, Dr. James Nesmith, the basketball rules of that year only 13, Dr. Nesmith died in 1939 at the age of 78 years. Dr. Naismith died in 1939 at the age of 78. Little did he know that the basketball program he created would be played in more than 200 countries, and that basketball in the United States would still be played globally. To commemorate Dr. Naismith's invention of basketball, the U.S. Basketball Hall of Fame - James Naismith Memorial Hall of Fame was built on the campus of Springfield College.

In the beginning, Naismith will be two peach basket don't nailed to the key body room inside the bleachers on the railing, peach basket on the upper edge of the ground from 3.04 meters, with a soccer as a game tool, to the basket to throw. Throw the ball into the basket to score 1 point, according to the number of points to decide the winner. Each time the ball into the basket, to climb the ladder to take out the ball and then restart the game. Later on, the bamboo basket was gradually changed to an iron basket with a live bottom, and then to an iron ring with a net underneath.

By 1893, the formation of modern basketball boards, hoops and nets. The initial basketball game, the number of people on the court, the size of the venue, the game time are not strictly limited. Only the number of participants on both sides of the game must be equal. The game began, both players stood outside the two end lines, the referee whistled and threw the ball to the center of the court, both sides ran to the court to grab the ball to start the game. The ball carrier can hold the ball and run toward the basket to shoot, the first to reach the predetermined score is the winner. In 1892, Naismith formulated 13 rules of the game, the main provisions are not allowed to run with the ball, are not allowed to have rough action, are not allowed to punch the ball, or else it will be ruled a foul for three consecutive fouls was awarded a negative 1 point; the game time is provided for the first and second halves of the game, each of which lasts for 15 minutes; the size of the field is also provided for. The number of players on the field of play was gradually reduced to 10, 9, 7 per team, and in 1893 it was set at 5 per team.

In 1904, in the 3rd Olympic Games for the first time in the basketball exhibition games. 1908, the United States developed a unified basketball rules, and there are shifted to publish the text, issued in the world, so that basketball gradually spread throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia, and became a worldwide sports program. The 11th Olympic Games in 1936, men's basketball as an official event, and unified the rules of the world basketball competition, since then, to 1948, more than 10 years, the rules have been amended many times, and the important changes related to the current rules are: after the score of the center circle jump ball, changed to the loss of the team threw the ball out of bounds outside the backcourt end line to continue the game; the attacking team must be within 10 seconds to push the ball to the frontcourt; the ball into the frontcourt After the ball into the front court may not return to the backcourt; offensive players may not stay in the "restricted area" for three seconds; shooting players are infringed, shooting free throws 1 time, shooting missed free throws 2 times, etc. In 1952 and 1956 the 15th and 16th Olympic Games, basketball games, appeared more than two meters, the International Amateur Basketball Federation has twice to expand the "restricted area" of the basketball court, and the "restricted area" of the basketball court. The IBF has twice expanded the "restricted area" of the basketball court (also known as the "3-point zone"); it also states that after a team has control of the ball, it must make a shot within 30 seconds; in the early 1960s, the 10-second rule and the return of the ball to the backcourt were once eliminated after the 17th Olympics in 1960, due to a change in the center line to a sideline. The rules were discontinued in the early 1960s when the midcourt line was removed after the 17th Olympics in 1960 and the midpoint of the sideline was drawn instead, but they were reinstated after the 18th Olympics in 1964, and the rules were continued in 1977 with the addition of a rule that allowed each team to make two free throws after 10 fouls on defense, and an additional one after one missed free throw for two fouls committed on the defensive side of the ball, and then in 1981 with a reduction of the rule for making free throws after 10 fouls to 8 fouls. Obviously, the personnel changes in technology, tactical development caused the rule change, and the rule change and promote the personnel and technology, tactical development of further changes. Especially since the late 1950s, the rules of change on the basketball game of offense and defense speed, the athletes of the body, technology, tactics, as well as the will, style and other aspects of the new higher requirements, promote the rapid improvement of the technical level of basketball, women's basketball is the 21st Olympic Games in 1976 before being listed as an official competition.

Basketball was introduced to China around 1896 by the Tianjin Chinese YMCA, and then in Beijing and Shanghai YMCA also had this activity. After the men's basketball exhibition match held in the National Games in 1910, basketball activities were gradually carried out in large cities in the country's large and medium-sized schools, among which Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai were better and at a higher level. The rules of the game at that time were very simple: a center circle with a diameter of about 1 meter was drawn in the middle of the court, and when the center player jumped for the ball, one hand had to be placed on the back of his waist, and no foot was allowed to step out of the circle. The rules of the game are simple. Technology is also simple, after the center circle jump ball, who received the ball on their own dribble, over the defender on the shot. At that time will only straight line dribble forward, passing method is single, two-handed chest pass, running shot is with one hand low hand layup, standing shot no matter how close or far is with two hands in front of the abdomen low hand shot. 1925 around, the offense and defense of the five athletes, there is a clearer division of labor, center to center, guards to the forward, someone to stare at people, each staring at their own opponents. However, the duty of the forwards is only to attack and shoot, regardless of the retreat; the duty of the guards is only to defend and steal the ball, regardless of the shot. Forward and guards rarely run all over the field, only the center has to take care of both offense and defense. Later and gradually changed to two guards 1 person to assist (activity guard), 1 person to stay in the backcourt (fixed guard), two forwards also changed to 1 person to stay in the front court specializing in sneak attack, fast attack, 1 person to retreat to the backcourt to help defense. Technical movement has also been developed, running shot appeared one-handed, high hand shot, standing shot appeared two-handed chest shot, passing appeared one-handed, two-handed ground pass, dribbling appeared two-handed alternating dribble dodging the defense and beyond the defense to advance the technology. The rules added the free throw area and the free throw line, the players will be disqualified if they commit 4 fouls, and the captain can designate any player to take the free throws for the fouls. The game is divided into a 20-minute first and second half, with a 10-minute intermission. After each shot or free throw, the game is restarted with a jump ball in the center circle. And the level of basketball in China has improved greatly after 1926