What are the different material categories of musical instruments that were referred to by gold, stone, silk and bamboo in ancient China?

In ancient China, musical instruments were categorized according to their materials: gold, stone, silk, bamboo, lagenaria, earth, leather and wood.

The Western Zhou Dynasty had already categorized the musical instruments of that time into eight categories according to the materials used in making them: gold (bells, bells, cymbals), stone (chimes), silk (qin, serpentine), bamboo (xiao, 箎), lagenaria (sheng, yu), earth (ocarina, percussion), leather (rattle, thunder drums), and wood (bax, percussion).

The eight sounds also refer to folk instrumental music. For example, the eight tones of Shanxi Wutaishan area, the instruments used are pipes, suona, sea flute, sheng, plum flute, xiao, hall drum, small drum, large cymbals, small cymbals, large gongs, cloud gongs, and so on; Longlin eight tones band of Guangxi Zhuang, the use of musical instruments *** there are eight pieces, they are: a pair of transverse xiao (flute), gaohu, erhu, a handful of small sanxian, a pair of gongs, drums, and cymbals.

Nanning Yongning Zhuang Banyin, on the other hand, mainly consists of large suona, small suona, five-hole flute, gongs, drums, cymbals, Zhuang music drums and other components. The Hainan Banyin, popular in the Hainan region, originated from the music of Chaozhou, and is named for the use of eight types of musical instruments, namely: strings (erhu, coconut hu), qin (yueqin, yangqin, sanxian), flute (suona), pipe (long and short pipes), xiao (horizontal xiao, straight xiao, hole xiao), gongs, drums, cymbals, etc. The Hainan Banyin is also popular in the Hainan region.

Expanded Information:

Golden: made of bronze, it belongs to the category of percussion instruments, bronze instruments are more demanding in casting than normal bronze, often carefully polished to achieve a loud and long-lasting sound effect. The most important of the gold musical instruments is the bell, which is widely used in banquets and sacrificial activities, and has high historical significance and artistic value. Curved musical instruments: bells, spades, gongs, bells, and windings.

Stone: made of limestone, marble, lapis lazuli or jade, belonging to the percussion instruments percussion stone musical instruments, the sound is clear and crisp, bass thick, treble bright chime that is a typical stone musical instruments, a separate chime piece of musical instruments known as the "special chime" arranged into groups of pieces of the warmth of the chime is "chime", round jade musical instruments. "The round jade chime pieces are also known as the "chiming balls". Typical musical instruments: chime, mingqiu.