How to change from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture

The transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture needs to change ideas and management methods, improve the degree of agricultural organization, break through the restrictions of pure planting and breeding within agriculture, and extend to processing and market. At present, the proportion of traditional agriculture in the economy is declining, but there are still a lot of profound small-scale peasant ideas and old production methods, as well as the population and labor tied to agriculture. Although agriculture is still difficult to resist natural disasters, the small-scale peasant economy in Wang Yang Sea is mainly self-produced and self-sold, and it is generally calm. Traditional agriculture can't be a paradise of market economy society. In the process of its transformation, in addition to natural risks, it also bears market risks. Although it faces a stormy future, it is a new revolution and progress in agriculture. 1. Understanding the three stages of the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture requires a natural and conscious development process. We should consider the adaptability of the broad masses of farmers and not be artificially radical. It should be noted that farmers' breeding habits, especially the agricultural management concepts handed down from generation to generation, are far from the development of modern agriculture, and of course they cannot cater to the past traditions. To fight a protracted war, we must strive for tactical initiative and correctly grasp the key points of each stage. Judging from the present situation and development law of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, can the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture be divided into three stages? 1, the primary stage of traditional agriculture, supplemented by modern agriculture. At present, traditional agriculture is dominant, and modern agriculture is in its infancy and weakness. However, structural adjustment, industrialization and other factors are new things, representing the development direction of modern agriculture, with strong vitality and gestating a wider range of promotion. Although a large number of farmers and land, and even many grassroots cadres still focus on traditional agriculture, as long as we recognize the trend of structural adjustment and industrialization in this transformation process and take active measures, we can break through the encirclement of traditional agriculture and walk out of our own way. Therefore, in the sea of traditional agriculture in Wang Yang, we can't let ourselves drift and do nothing. It is necessary to promote the transformation of modern agricultural elements step by step, from shallow to deep, from point to surface, from small to large, from local to whole, bit by bit. Of course, we can't blindly pull farmers and transfer land just because we want to grasp structural adjustment and industrialization and promote modernization, but we should start from basic work and gradually realize trade-offs and move towards a new shore in * * *. First, educate farmers. Actively publicize the advantages of modern agriculture to farmers, make them realize that they can't get rid of poverty by relying on traditional agriculture, and let market economy and competition consciousness enter their minds. Second, improve cadres. Arm cadres with modern agricultural management concepts, learn to organize, guide and serve "agriculture, countryside and farmers" with market economy methods, and enhance cadres' ability to guide farmers to develop modern agriculture. Third, do some demonstrations. Combine the farmers' consciousness with the government's demonstration and guidance, and give full play to two enthusiasm. By developing modern agriculture with a few people on a small scale, we can get rich quickly, let farmers see the benefits brought by modern agriculture, let farmers educate, persuade and mobilize farmers, realize the unparalleled advantages of modern agriculture, slowly accept brand-new modern agricultural concepts, and gradually guide farmers to modern agriculture. By demonstrating the development of early-maturing pears in our city, farmers can see that early-maturing pears have not only good ecological benefits, but also high economic benefits. Farmers soon planted 200,000 mu of early-maturing pears on barren hills and slopes, set up various professional cooperative organizations, held early-maturing pear festivals, expanded markets, introduced deep processing, and increased at an annual rate of 50,000 mu, realizing the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits. 2. The deadlock between traditional agriculture and modern agriculture. At this stage, on the basis of mobilizing and educating farmers to improve their understanding of modern agriculture, a single spark of modern agriculture can start a prairie fire, which has formed a pattern of paying equal attention to traditional agriculture and modern agriculture. Because agriculture is closely connected with nature, agricultural productivity is low, and food basically depends on the weather. It is doomed that there is a long process to adjust the structure and promote the transformation of modern agriculture, which can not be solved in a short time, nor will it be free from seasonal restrictions like factory production. Fortunately, the elements of modern agriculture have achieved extraordinary development at this stage. First, the weight of modern agriculture is increasing. Second, the mechanism of modern agriculture is taking shape. The small-scale peasant economy of one household has turned to scale, the chain of processing and market is extending, and cooperative economic organizations are growing. Third, the development trend of modern agriculture is more obvious. The demonstration effect is becoming more and more prominent, and farmers' willingness to choose modern agriculture is getting stronger and stronger. Materialist dialectics tells us that the disappearance of old things is a painful process, and it will not automatically quit the stage. If new things want to break through the shackles of old things, there will be storms. Therefore, in the stage of strategic stalemate, the development of modern agriculture must complete the accumulation of quantity and gradually move towards a qualitative leap. We must take more powerful measures than before to support modern agriculture and guide modern agriculture with correct development ideas. We should not only base ourselves on transforming traditional industries, but also develop modern characteristic breeding industries and give full play to the advantages of modern agriculture. With the transformation of traditional industries, modern agriculture will increase by one point. With the increase and decrease, modern agriculture will become heavier and heavier, and the balance of agricultural development will gradually tilt towards modern agriculture. 3. The modernization stage with modern agriculture as the mainstay and traditional agriculture as the supplement. The stalemate stage is a contest between two kinds of agriculture, and the accumulation of quantity reaches a considerable level, which meets the conditions for qualitative change of things. The third stage is a leap after modern agriculture takes an absolute advantage in quantity. At this time, the concept and mechanism of modern agriculture have basically taken shape. Whether it is the scale of structural adjustment, the degree of agricultural organization or the level of industrialized operation, it can fully meet the requirements of market competition. In particular, farmers' business ideas are mostly transformed into modern agricultural ideas, and developing modern agriculture has become farmers' conscious behavior. At the same time, the proportion of agriculture in the whole economy is declining, the agricultural population and labor force are decreasing, and the quality is improving. The decline in the ratio of people to land makes the scale of agriculture tend to expand, the supply of funds is more and more abundant, and the labor cost is getting higher and higher. Therefore, it has become a reality to replace manual labor with machinery. Modern agriculture completely replaces traditional agriculture and finally realizes agricultural modernization. At present, we are in the process of changing from the first stage to the second stage, and many places have entered the second stage. A correct understanding of the stages will have a positive and far-reaching impact on promoting the development of modern agriculture. Second, take the market-oriented road of large-scale agricultural structural adjustment. In the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, the production goal of agriculture should be changed from maximizing the output of self-sufficient consumption to maximizing the profit of commodity production. In order to complete the transformation of production objectives, it is necessary to adjust the agricultural structure, from simply increasing the land output rate and increasing production to meeting the market demand and meeting the needs of industrial production. 1. Adjust the structure according to the principle of combining land and grain policies with farmers' free choice as market subjects. At present, rural areas in China are operated by one household, and farmers are the main body of structural adjustment. In the structural adjustment, we should not only implement the central policy to ensure the planting area of grain and cotton, but also respect the wishes of farmers and choose things that are in line with local reality, have good market prospects and have high economic benefits. This will increase the income of the same area. 2. Adjust things that are suitable for breeding and have a market, and implement scale operation. Actively organize and guide farmers, leading enterprises and cooperative economic organizations to further expand the selection of varieties with high economic benefits by one household according to the requirements of industrial policies, form professional towns or counties or regions with similar products, carry out large-scale production, and form economies of scale. Farmers can also obtain economies of scale in their own small areas. In the development of nucleated pearl culture in duchang county, our city, through demonstration and guidance, we made full use of the local water surface, broke through the county boundaries, and developed pearl culture into the surrounding areas, forming a large-scale culture of thousands of households. At present, the aquaculture area has grown to 80,000 mu, and the output of nucleated pearls accounts for 80% of the national market share, and it has been awarded as "the hometown of freshwater pearls in China". Mass production has attracted merchants from all over the world and dominated the market competition. Small-scale farming of thousands of households has achieved the average benefit of large-scale production. 3. Optimize large varieties, vigorously develop pollution-free, green and organic foods, and optimize the structure. In the period of food shortage, the production of agricultural products pursues the maximization of quantity to meet people's basic survival needs. After the quantity is guaranteed, people pay more and more attention to the improvement of quality and food safety. At present, green organic food has become the fashion of market consumption, and the higher the quality, the higher the value of agricultural products. At the same time, there are strict green barriers in the international market and strict access system in the domestic agricultural products market. Therefore, in order to withstand market competition, agricultural products must adhere to standardized production, promote quality structure adjustment, actively develop pollution-free, green and organic foods, improve relevant laws and regulations, strengthen market supervision of agricultural products, ensure safe production from field to table, and implement quality improvement from source to terminal. It has changed the situation that there were not many excellent ones in the past. 4. Do a good job of two "cycles" and open up a broad road for structural adjustment. The transfer of rural labor force and the circulation of land, mountains and rivers are the objective requirements of market economy. It can effectively drive farmers and rural resources to liberate from agriculture and open up a broad space for structural adjustment. First, a large number of rural surplus labor forces are transferred to cities or other industries, which reduces the rural population and labor force, is conducive to the formation of land with a majority of ethnic minorities, expands the per capita production area, creates favorable conditions for structural adjustment, and makes large-scale operation a reality. Second, according to the principle of "legality, voluntariness and compensation", land, water surface and forest will be gradually transferred to a few people, so that rural labor force and resources can be effectively allocated, the shackles of production relations can be cleared for structural adjustment and industrialized operation, and the barriers of one household can be broken through, so that agricultural machinery can run on vast land and widely use technology. 5. Improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and provide a solid foundation for structural adjustment. In the case of small-scale farming by one household, large-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction and mechanized standardized production are restricted. With the deepening of structural adjustment, the transfer of rural labor force, the transfer of land, mountains and rivers and water sources to a few people, and the expansion of breeding scale, many large farms and manors will emerge, so that the construction of comprehensive production capacity is no longer limited to one household, and can be promoted in a wider scope. The wide application of large machines has also promoted industrialization and structural adjustment, forming a virtuous circle of development. At the same time, in large farms and manors, a large number of college graduates, streamlining government officials and returning migrant workers are employed, and the implementation of modern management in the park is conducive to promoting the continuous improvement of the quality of rural labor, which is also the proper meaning of improving comprehensive production capacity. The improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity will improve rural infrastructure and rural environment as a whole, and the level of agricultural structure adjustment and industrialization will be greatly improved. Third, take the road of agricultural industrialization and rural urbanization. Modern agriculture extends agriculture from internal primary production to secondary and tertiary production, realizing the industrialization and marketization of agriculture. As an innovative mode of agricultural management in China, agricultural industrialization can better integrate breeding, processing and circulation, form a complete industrial system and improve the level of rural industrialization. Especially the processing of agricultural products in counties and townships can turn some farmers into workers. Because they can appreciate the investment and hard work of the breeding industry as industrial raw materials, they will transfer part of the proceeds from the processing of agricultural products under the conditions of modern technology to primary production with special emotion and understanding, so that farmers can also get some benefits from the secondary and tertiary industries and break the scissors gap between workers and peasants. In particular, the promotion of industrial management to the development of secondary and tertiary industries is conducive to the integration of urban and rural industries and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, laying a material foundation for rural urbanization. Therefore, in order to develop modern agriculture, improve agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income, we must make a breakthrough in secondary and tertiary production and strengthen industrial management. 1, build a raw material base for agricultural products processing. Adjustment of agricultural structure is the foundation of agricultural industrialization. By adjusting the structure to form large-scale production of industrial raw materials, not only can agricultural products enter the fresh product market to obtain scale benefits, but also large-scale production provides raw material basis for agricultural products processing and solves the contradiction between centralized processing and sporadic resources. To build a good raw material base, we must first break the boundaries of administrative divisions. Coordinate the characteristic resources in the region, implement cross-regional production, and build a regional scale base. Secondly, it depends on enterprises. According to the needs of enterprise development, give full play to the advantages of capital, brand, information, technology, market and management, and expand the resource base to places with similar domestic resources with modern industrial and commercial concepts and methods. Third, we must break through geographical boundaries. Seek the best combination of resources in a broader scope. According to the regional distribution of nine dominant agricultural products in China, we should strengthen cross-regional cooperation in the production of similar products, increase the scale of resources in the region, provide a broad raw material production base for the processing industry, and make the processing industry invincible. 2, focus on the development of agricultural products processing industry. According to its inherent development law, agricultural products processing industry should be located in county towns or resource-intensive places as far as possible. We should focus on solving three problems in development. First, break through the shackles of villagers' ideas and minimize the management of family-owned enterprises. Run processing enterprises with the concept of industrialized production and transform enterprises with joint-stock cooperative system. Cultivate farmers into industrial workers with advanced industrial management mechanism and standardized production requirements; Cultivate the original enterprise operators into entrepreneurs who know how to operate, are good at management, have broad vision, are ambitious, are good at controlling enterprises and sail in the market economy, and enhance the development potential of enterprises. The second is to do everything possible to increase capital investment. Agricultural products processing industry is capital-intensive and has a long production cycle. At the same time, the dual risks of nature and market determine that the development of agricultural products processing industry must have a better development environment than industrial production. By optimizing the environment, we will turn the best resources into the best projects and attract foreign capital, private economy and large rural households to develop processing enterprises. Guide more credit funds to invest in agriculture, and support the agricultural product processing industry through financial leverage such as industrialization fund subsidies. The third is to use the cluster model to expand enterprises. At present, most agricultural products processing plants are still at the workshop-style production level, with little deep processing and limited driving ability, so they have no advantage in the fierce market competition. In practice, it is necessary to form a powerful enterprise group and improve the overall anti-risk ability of the industry, so as not to be broken by one company in the competitive pressure. Therefore, at present, we should do a good job in enterprise integration, encourage and support the existing industry, agriculture, enterprises and enterprises to strengthen the alliance, integrate scattered, small and weak enterprises into leading enterprise groups with modern enterprise system, and implement cross-industry, cross-regional and cross-ownership operations. For example, the textile industry in our city is rich in raw materials. Historically, the cotton output reached 2.4 million tons, which is closely related to the main cotton producing areas such as Hubei and Anhui, and there are a large number of raw materials such as ramie, sericulture and chemical fiber. The textile industry has a good foundation, and there are a large number of textile machinery, textile technicians and professional technicians. The local people have accepted the concept of developing the textile industry. At present, loose spinning adds up to nearly 1 10,000 spindles. In recent years, a large number of garment processing enterprises have been introduced into counties and districts. The problem is that these resources and enterprises are scattered, and there is vicious competition within the market, which is not related to each other. There are many spinning and garment processing in the industry, but few intermediate weaving, printing and dyeing, and no chain has been formed. It is urgent to form horizontal industrial agglomeration and rational division of labor, and the market is the same as that of foreign countries; Vertical form a complete industrial chain of planting-ginning-spinning-weaving-printing and dyeing-clothing, reducing costs and risks. This is the only way to maintain the strong development of the industry. 3. Open up markets and invigorate circulation. It is necessary to explore the market based on the resource base, expand processing, sell fresh products, manage and process products, and let farmers become businessmen and brokers. After the raw material base of a county or a region is expanded, its scale benefit must be realized by expanding the market, which requires the county economy to go out of the county, province and abroad and let its own products occupy the market. In two increasingly mature markets: fresh food market and processed products market, expand market share and increase market share. We must start with product quality control, build market brands, improve marketing methods and improve the market competitiveness of enterprises. In particular, it is necessary to arm enterprise employees and farmers with advanced business concepts and improve their business decision-making ability and market analysis ability. It can timely and accurately analyze and understand the internal and external market conditions of agricultural products and their processed products, including the situation of major competitors and various factors affecting the change of supply and demand, avoid the blindness of production of enterprises and farmers, promote large-scale production with large circulation, and obtain high benefits. 4. The innovation of agricultural organization form in the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture: the adjustment and industrialization of agricultural structure is an economic and social behavior; The more socialized economic development is, the more modern organization and management are needed. The transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture requires the change of agricultural organization form more and more urgently. Only by correctly grasping the direction of organizational form change can we establish an organizational form that adapts to the development of modern agriculture in deepening rural reform. Since the reform and opening up, the form of agricultural organization in China has changed from collective management with production team as the basic production unit to family management with one household as the main unit. This also opened the prelude to the March of traditional agriculture into modern agriculture. In the past, although the collective production of farmers was conducive to large-scale production and infrastructure construction, this organizational form and production relationship were false. The pursuit of "one school and two universities" was incompatible with the productivity situation at that time, which inhibited farmers' creativity, so the land output rate and labor productivity were very low, and agricultural products were far from meeting people's needs. Since the implementation of household contract management for more than 20 years, China's agriculture has undergone earth-shaking changes, and agricultural products have entered a new stage of balance between supply and demand from long-term shortage and good harvest, which fully proves that this changed organizational form has liberated farmers from their personal attachment to production teams and communes, exerted their personal strength and met the multi-level needs of productivity development. It is an agricultural management organization form that promotes the development of productive forces and conforms to China's national conditions. With the continuous establishment and improvement of China's market economic system and the promotion of economic globalization, farmers with decentralized and individualized production and operation are increasingly exposed to the triple risks of market, nature and technology. Under the heavy pressure, farmers carry forward their initiative and constantly adjust the economic organization structure to meet the requirements of market competition. In the unbalanced development of one household production, some large households or enterprises stand out, but this is only a minority. There are still great risks in most small-scale production. In practice, they unite from different angles and establish the same stakeholders, such as professional associations, professional cooperatives and other organizations, in order to deal with various risks. In this way, the original organizational form of one household has quietly evolved into a form in which four elements coexist at the same time, namely, cooperative economic organizations, large households and enterprises, producing and operating one household at a time, representing the interests of many small households. Among them, cooperative organization is a form of buffer organization before the development of small households. These elements are combined with each other in practice, forming: company+farmers, farmers+large households, farmers+cooperative economic organizations, farmers+cooperative economic organizations+companies. At present, rural organizations are mostly different combinations of these four elements. For example, in Zhouxi Town, duchang county, our city, pearl breeding and processing is the leading characteristic industry. Farmers and processors have established many professional cooperative organizations, which have formed different interests. Some of them cooperated with the outside world through cooperative organizations, and some cooperated with companies, forming unified processing, unified production and unified prices, which greatly improved their competitiveness in participating in the market. Farmers and processors have made profits from large-scale planting and processing. With the reform and development of rural areas, agricultural organizations tend to turn from small households into large enterprises. This kind of development and change also needs quantitative accumulation and qualitative leap, and the conditions for producing large enterprises and large enterprises are emerging. First, with the acceleration of the two circulation, the rural population and labor force are getting less and less, and the remaining farmers gradually occupy large-scale agricultural resources, and they have the conditions to transform into large agricultural households and entrepreneurs. Second, with the structural adjustment and industrialization development, the coexistence of various organizational forms will prompt many small households to become large households, and large households will become enterprises in unbalanced development. Third, agricultural modernization requires agricultural producers to participate in market competition. Competition promotes the development of agricultural subjects from breeding to processing and circulation, which requires the increasing awareness of modern management and management of agricultural enterprises, which will make agricultural enterprises bigger and bigger. It is conceivable that although the future agricultural organization form is still one household operation, it is essentially different from the previous family operation, and then one household becomes a large household or enterprise. In terms of quantity, large households or enterprises occupy more land, mountains and water, employ more rural laborers, and have more modern tools such as agricultural machinery. The qualitative leap is the improvement of the quality of agricultural labor force. Farmers, college graduates, technicians, professional managers and cadres of streamlined organs participate in agricultural labor and management. The industrial chain has been lengthened, although some may be simple breeding bases, most of them will develop from breeding to processing and circulation; The mode of operation is not the original small-scale production of one household, but enterprise management, emphasizing efficiency and truly operating agriculture with industrial concept, enterprise system and management. There is still a long process to change this new organizational form. In order to promote this change, we must emancipate our minds, strive to liberalize organizational management, get rid of outdated concepts, constantly reform the overly broad and unified social management system and organizational control mechanism, give full play to the creative vitality of all groups, let all essential activities conducive to the change of agricultural organizational forms compete to generate, let the vitality of new agricultural organizational forms fully flood in, and accelerate the realization of agricultural modernization.