Views and Prospects of China National Music Development Consultation

Because the non-semantic organization structure of sound wave vibration music directly corresponds to people's emotion and will activities, the will expression in music plays a role in organizing and coordinating the will behavior of social members, and the emotional expression in music undertakes the function of conveying and communicating the emotional experience of social members, so that music can often play a certain function with practical benefits in specific practical activities or specific social communication occasions. The reason why music can affect people's physiological and psychological state is that the stimulation of sound waves to auditory organs will cause physiological reactions (such as changes in breathing, pulse, blood composition, endocrine and brain waves) and behavioral and emotional reactions in the human body; On this basis, the music sounds organized according to a certain structure correspond to the scenes of social life, the characteristics of national psychology and the emergence of class consciousness. Therefore, this kind of reaction can be introduced into the trajectory of will behavior and social emotion, and finally enter the category of personality and emotion. Therefore, the human reason aroused by music does not stay at the symbolic, abstract and spiritual level (such as the conceptual system in the field of knowledge and the laws and regulations in the field of morality), but has been implemented at the level of mobilizing a whole set of physiological activities, practices and materiality, which is a kind of practical reason full of blood and passion. The music and dance used by primitive clans for totem sacrifice, celebrating achievements and eliminating disasters have this kind of organization and communication function; In the early stage of social development, all kinds of songs that permeated every corner of social life had such practical functions. In the long handicraft era, all kinds of labor hymns coordinate collective labor actions with their own unique rhythm, tone and syntax, which plays a role in eliminating fatigue and inspiring will. It is well known that marching songs and military songs have a unified pace and boost morale. In ancient China, there was a story of "Liang Hongyu beating drums to help fight". All kinds of lyric songs use music to express and exchange emotions, so that the thoughts and feelings of social members can arouse each other and reach an agreement. All kinds of solemn carols, hymns and ceremonial music express the celebrations, praises, wishes and aspirations of all members of society. Sorrow and elegy express the same grief and grief.

The aesthetic function of music has the most far-reaching influence on society. Because music can present highly developed social rationality in an obvious intuitive and flexible perceptual form, it can not only improve the aesthetic ability, but also educate people. It not only strongly promotes intellectual development (improving the ability of association, fantasy and creative imagination, improving the intelligence of abstract thinking and Minhui reasoning, and improving the ability of memory and feedback of external information), but also strongly impacts various non-intellectual factors (such as self-control, perseverance, carefulness, etc.). Music, which was formed in the primitive commune period and later preserved in the education project of slave owners' children, is an ancient and simple form in which music plays its aesthetic education function. It is the soil of ancient music education thought, which was included in the political ideals of Plato in ancient Greece and Confucianism in ancient China. In Europe, since the enlightenment thinker Rousseau put forward the idea of aesthetic education, the aesthetic education factors in education have developed more widely. Cai Yuanpei, a modern educator in China, and Wang Guangqi, a musician, also put forward the ideas of aesthetic education and music education. In contemporary life, the performance and dissemination of aristocratic music is an aesthetic education activity in the form of social education, which can edify and educate members of society; If these performances and exchanges are not standardized according to healthy aesthetic ideals, music will have a negative effect on shaping the behavior of social members. Dull, rude and ugly music can only lead to poverty, inferiority and even chaos in social spiritual life.

Music can also provide educated entertainment, cultural rest, and accumulate spiritual accomplishment and vitality through relaxed aesthetic enjoyment. From the collective songs and dances of primitive clans, to the later children's songs and dances, to the existing collective songs and dances of all ethnic groups, and the song and dance programs performed at mass gatherings, all play such functions. Popular and relaxed entertainment music often appeared in the form of banquets in ancient society. Under the condition of post-industrial civilization, it is often played as background music in restaurants, cafes, shopping malls, waiting rooms and other rest places to enhance some interests in daily life. Judging from the negative performance of this social function, the part of entertainment music with low style and vulgar taste may have a negative impact and corrosion on people's spiritual life, which must be resisted and overcome.

Another practical function of music is as a means of health care and treatment. Whether in ancient China, ancient Greece or medieval Arabia, there were famous scholars and doctors who used music to treat diseases and advocated music therapy. Some ethnic groups have long maintained the custom of treating mental depression through dancing, singing and percussion. Under the condition of industrial production, in some noisy or quiet working environments, it is especially necessary for workers to wear earmuffs with headphones and enjoy music while working. This civilized health care facility is very beneficial to the physical and mental health of workers. With the maturity of industrial civilization, in recent decades, music therapy has shown a broad development prospect, and music therapy clinics, books and periodicals, associations and colleges have been established one after another.

Whether music can express spiritual ideas and convey some good lessons to people in the process of appreciation is controversial. Some music theorists question the function of music in expressing images, conveying ideas and educating souls. They followed the viewpoints of Hans Lik, an Austrian music aesthetician in the19th century, that "music can't express emotion" and "the content of music is the movement form of music sound", emphasizing that music "conveys a material sound that transcends society and class", and that music has no social content, goodwill and elegance, and can neither convey the composer's thoughts and feelings nor affect the audience's thoughts and feelings. It's just a series of flowing sounds. This view of denying the social function of music and deviating from the positive achievements of music research and practice through the ages is very wrong.

Music is a unique art, which is attractive to the auditory organs, and the main means of expression is sound. When we study literature and art, we should not only grasp the same laws of various arts, but also spy out the special laws of different art varieties. Without studying the individual, it is impossible to grasp the general. Studying the particularity of specific things is the basis and starting point of scientific research. Historical materialism tells us that all literature and art are the products of human social life reflected in the minds of writers and artists, which are dynamic, vivid and aesthetic. Literature, drama, music, fine arts, movies, TV series, dance ... No matter which art category, whether narrative or lyric, whether writing the relationship between people or the relationship between man and nature, it is inseparable from socialized people. Literature is "human study", and so are other sister arts. Human social life is the same object of all kinds of literature and art, but the means, ways, ways and methods of reflection are quite different. It is this particularity and the contradictory unity of the same sex that constitutes a splendid literary landscape.

Let's go back to the source of history and look back at history, and look at the deep relationship between music concept and social core from the historical evolution. More than two thousand years ago, philosophers thought that music originated from imitation. Democritus of ancient Greece said, "In many important things, we are imitators and students of animals. We learned to knit and sew from spiders; I learned to build a house from swallows; Learn to sing from singing birds such as swans and orioles. " The famous Aristotle advocated imitation. He believes that the difference between various arts lies in the difference of "media", "object" and "way" of imitation. The ancient theory of imitation has the color of simple materialism, but it fails to reveal the essence of music scientifically. Music includes imitation, but it mainly does not express social life by imitating the sounds in life. There are countless musical works about moonlight at all times, at home and abroad. In the west, there is a moonlight song, and in China, there is a moonlight night on the riverside, and the moon is bright and silent. If life can only be expressed by reproducing the sounds in life, then the bright moon cannot enter the expression range of music. Music shows not only the world of sound, but the world touched by people's hearts. Painting can express the spirit through shapes, while music can express itself without reproduction. It can "express one's mind directly". As an auditory art, how does music express social life? This is indeed a very interesting and complicated question.

Many scholars at home and abroad call music the art of expression. "Rites and Music" said: "Where there is a sound, people will be born, people will move, and things will follow." Socrates in ancient Greece said, "Keep fit with exercise and nourish your heart with music". These statements all touch on the essence of music. If the object and narrative are not the strengths of music, then revealing emotions and hearts is its specialty. Excellent music works always have strong emotional impact, which makes people crazy and ups and downs. It can be said that music reflects life, mainly not the external characteristics of life, but people's feelings about life. Is Ma Sicong's Homesickness Song a mountain city or a water town? This piece of music mainly reflects people's homesickness. It is impossible and unnecessary to tell people what their hometown is like. What means does music rely on to express emotion? /kloc-Rousseau, a French thinker in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, pointed out that melody in music is closely related to language, and people's intonation is also closely related to people's thoughts and feelings. Asafi, the late Soviet music theorist, systematically discussed the issue of "tune" and made an in-depth investigation on the evolution of pitch-timbre-melody, which made colleagues in the music industry feel refreshed. The theory of "tune" is very enlightening to people, but melody does not simply reproduce people's tone of speech there. Why can music express people's hearts and feelings so subtly? It should be said that there are still many "unknown kingdoms" before us. If the development of high technology enables human beings to observe celestial bodies hundreds of millions of light years away, then the existing theories can't explain its mystery clearly. This requires us to conduct arduous and in-depth research from the Marxist point of view. In other words, we should emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, and really proceed from the reality of music art to find out its internal laws and uncover its mysteries.

Since the founding of New China, music aesthetics has gradually formed a specialized subject in China. Scholars have done a lot of work in combing the ideological data of ancient and modern China and foreign countries and exploring the special laws of music. Since the new era, music experts have been exploring in this field and achieved gratifying results. While correcting the "left" mistakes in guiding ideology, it also preliminarily combs the influence of mechanical materialism on music research. It should be admitted that mechanism did have a noticeable influence on the past research of music aesthetics. Its main manifestations are: ignoring the particularity of music art, ignoring the principle difference between plastic art and performing art, simplifying the theory of reflection, and taking "title" as the universal principle of instrumental music creation. It inappropriately emphasizes the description and reproduction function of music, but ignores the performance and lyric function of music. Undoubtedly, we should continue to prevent simplification and vulgarization in music research. It is impossible to reveal the essence of music simply by putting the terms of reflection theory into music research and explaining music art with a set of methods to explain plastic arts.

Of course, music does not use concepts, and it is impossible to infer and judge through concepts. But this cannot be a reason to deny the ideological connotation of music works. Concept is the patent of language, which can only be expressed through language and literature. Besides literature, there are also comprehensive arts covering literature, painting, sculpture, dance and photography. And don't use concepts. Don't they all have specific ideological connotations? Thoughts and feelings can't be expressed by words alone. "Words are the heart", and music is also the heart. This truth has been proved by countless practices.

Looking back at history and facing reality, we frankly admit that people will have different feelings about the same work, even completely different feelings. This cannot be used as a reason to deny that music has a specific connotation. The contradiction between creation and appreciation exists not only in the field of music, but also in all fields of literature and art. When talking about the appreciation of A Dream of Red Mansions, Mr. Lu Xun once listed the readers' eyes: "Scholars see the Book of Changes, Taoism sees lewdness, talents see lingering, revolutionaries see rows of people, and gossips see palace secrets." Is it possible to deny the specific ideological connotation of A Dream of Red Mansions because readers feel differently? Can A Dream of Red Mansions be classified as a work of teaching obscenity because "Taoists see obscenity"? Since ancient times, people have always regarded music as a means of exchanging thoughts and feelings. If music can't express anything, wouldn't all the progressive musicians in history who created with a sacred mission be futile and self-deceiving? This is exactly what critics think of such authors. Beethoven was ridiculed as "counterproductive" because he advocated using music to ignite the spark of human spirit, and even quoted others as saying that he was "duplicitous".

People should be encouraged to open their minds, express their opinions, explore boldly and argue boldly about the nature and special laws of music. If musicians want to have a sense of social responsibility and "inspire people with excellent works", they must have basic knowledge of * * *. Because the latter involves not only ideological understanding, but also professional ethics. If composers have no basic sense of social responsibility, if society can never ask about music, whether it is noble or vulgar, beneficial or harmful, what will our music life be like? "The Book of Rites and Music" says: "The musician is virtuous." Beethoven said, "Music should inspire the human spirit". These are all wise sayings, and we should carry them forward.