Characteristics of automobile electrical appliances

Features of automotive electrical appliances: 1, DC power supply: Because one of the power supplies on the car is the battery, it is a DC power supply, and the battery must be charged with the DC power supply after discharge. So the generator on the car must also output DC power. 2. Adopt low-voltage power supply: the rated voltage of the automobile electrical system is 12v, 24V. At present, gasoline vehicles generally use 12V power supply, and heavy-duty diesel vehicles mostly use 24V power supply. 3. Single-wire system: Generally speaking, the connection between electrical equipment and power supply requires two wires, one is live wire and the other is neutral wire, thus forming a loop. All electrical equipment in the car is connected in parallel, with good self-conductivity. 4. Negative electrode grounding: Because the car adopts single-wire system, one of the two lines of the electrical system must be replaced by the metal body of the car. When wiring, one pole of power supply and one end of electrical equipment should be connected with metal body. This connection is called grounding.

Traditional electrical equipment includes: 1, charging system (power supply system) 2, starting system 3, ignition system 4, lighting signal and alarm system 5, instrument system 6 and other auxiliary appliances.

The electrical equipment in the car includes generator system, battery, etc. The key of electrical equipment is to help the car start normally and to maintain it for a long time. Maintenance measures are as follows:

1, detect and adjust the electrolyte density. The density of electrolyte can be moderately increased to avoid the accident that the battery case is frozen and cracked due to the low density of electrolyte.

2. Improve the charging voltage of the generator. Because the discharge capacity of the battery increases at low temperature, the charging capacity of the generator must be increased, and the limit voltage of the regulator can be appropriately increased. In most cases, it is quite appropriate that the limit voltage of the regulator is 0.6 V higher than that in hot days.

3. Keep the power stability of the starting motor. In winter, the temperature is low, and the engine is often difficult to start because of icing. At this time, it is necessary to use the starting motor frequently. If the power of the starting motor is insufficient, it will further increase the difficulty of starting the engine. The maintenance of starter is very important. The starter should be kept clean at ordinary times to ensure the normal contact between the brush and the steering gear.

4. Strengthen the insulation of the battery. In order to prevent the battery from freezing due to over-cooling, which will affect the starting performance, a sandwich insulated battery box can be made for the battery in winter to increase the temperature of the battery.