In which dynasty did the history of traditional Chinese health care begin? Who is the representative character?

The specific time is not known, but compiled "Huangdi Neijing" is the earliest and most systematic introduction to health care, combining all aspects of the Qin and Han dynasties before, the representative figure should be Zhang Jingyue, Li Tan and Li Shizhen, these three are more famous. China's earliest surviving medical literature in a canon, "Huangdi Neijing" is a more comprehensive description of the systematic structure of the theoretical system of Chinese medicine, reflecting the theoretical principles of Chinese medicine and academic thinking, laying the foundation for the development of Chinese medicine.

The book "Huangdi Neijing" is not only a great medical masterpiece, but also a glorious work of health care and rehabilitation. Because it comprehensively reflects and summarizes the achievements of health care and rehabilitation before the Qin and Han dynasties, the theory, principles and methods of health care and rehabilitation in traditional Chinese medicine have been comprehensively and systematically discussed, thus laying the theoretical foundation of health care and rehabilitation in China, and it is a must-read for the study of health care and rehabilitation in traditional Chinese medicine.

The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine is a compilation of the papers of various medical doctors since the Warring States period and the Qin and Han dynasties, and it was compiled at about the time of the Western Han Dynasty. However, since the compilation, until the Tang Dynasty, there are still additions and deletions. Therefore, the work of "Neijing" is not from the handwriting of one person, nor is it the medical achievement of an era or a place, but it is a compilation of the experience of various medical doctors in a fairly long historical period. The so-called Yellow Emperor wrote "Neijing", is only a name.

The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine correctly answered the question, "What is the origin of life? It is believed that life is closely related to the natural world, such as "Suwen? Bao life full form theory" pointed out: "heaven and earth together gas, life is said to be human"; "Ling Shu? This God" also said: "Virtue flow gas thin and born", that is, that the natural world of yin and yang is the source of life, this understanding is in line with reality. Think "heaven and man correspond", health science, the fundamental point of rehabilitation is "in accordance with nature". Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine" to people and nature as a whole, the natural world of all kinds of changes, will affect the human body's life activities, that is, there are changes in the sky, people should be, therefore, emphasize the need to adapt to the natural changes, to avoid external aggression, such as the "Spiritual Pivot? This God" pointed out: "to comply with the four seasons and the appropriate cold and heat", "Suwen? The four qi and god theory" is put forward "spring and summer Yang, fall and winter yin" of the four seasons with the principle of nourishment. Su Wen? On the ancient theory of truth" and clearly pointed out that "false evil thief wind, avoid sometimes", thus opening up the Chinese medicine disease prevention and health of the precedent.

The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine clearly spells out the developmental laws of life. On the human body birth, long, strong, old life law has a unique observation and scientific generalization, not only pay attention to the age stage of change, but also pay attention to the physiological differences between the sexes, such as "Suwen? In the "Theory of the Ancient Heavenly Truth", there is a physiological stage at the age of 8 for men and at the age of 7 for women, and the "Spiritual Pivot" is a physiological stage at the age of 10 for men and at the age of 7 for women. Tiannian chapter" to 1O years of age for a stage of change in the law, respectively, elaborated in detail the characteristics of human physiological changes.

The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine is correct in its understanding of aging. Detailed discussion of the process of aging and aging performance, and pointed out that the mood, living, eating, indulgence, overwork and other aspects of the improper regulation, is an important cause of premature aging, and put forward to "law in the yin and yang, and in the art of number, food and drink in rhythm, living and living in a regular, do not make the labor, so that the shape of the God with the God, and end of the end of the day, the degree of a hundred years is to go" (Suwen? (Suwen? On the ancient theory of truth"), the initial establishment of the theoretical basis for the prevention of aging and geriatric disease prevention and treatment.

The Ming and Qing dynasties, China's health culture has been rapid development and widespread dissemination, the average life expectancy of our population at that time was significantly improved. Only with the "Chinese medical names" listed in the medical life statistics, which is more than 80 years of age of medical doctors **** 107 people, and the Ming Dynasty has 86 people. In short, the development of health culture in the Ming and Qing dynasties presents the following aspects of the significant features. Theoretical level further improved, the Ming and Qing dynasties in the health of the academic theory of the greatest contribution is Zhang Jingyue. Zhang's "Class Classic" in the "regimen" category of the "Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine" of the collection of the discussion, and to explain. His own ideas were centered in the Treatise on the Treatment of Forms. Zhang Jingyue first criticized Laozi's negative outlook on life, which was, "If I have no body, what is my problem?" He dialectically elaborated on the intrinsic connection between the form and the god, the form and the life, and proposed that the form is the material basis of the god and the phenomenon of life, and clearly pointed out that, "Those who are good at nourishing the life may not first nourish the form to be the residence of the god and the light? and explicitly stated, "Those who are good at health maintenance may not first maintain this form as the residence of the divine?" Zhang Jingyue before most of the health practitioners attach importance to health God, never so loudly put forward the "shape", visible his health theory is really very innovative.

In addition to Zhang Jingyue, there were Li Tan and Li Shizhen, important theorists of the Ming Dynasty. Li Tan in his "maintenance" in the "Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine," "diet, living and living in a regular manner, do not make labor" and "spirit of the internal guard" is the authentic health, and accordingly the creation of the avoidance of wind and cold, section of labor, abstaining from sex and desire, thin taste, and a series of words. Based on this, he created a series of practical methods to maintain health. Li Shizhen in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" enriched and developed the theory of dietary regimen, which had a great influence in the field of health care. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the further development and popularization of Chinese health culture, in which the idealistic component was increasingly reduced, many health scientists began to focus on the popularization of health theory and practice. At this time, Neidan Qigong changed its old appearance of being "austere and difficult to understand" and began to become concise and clear. The parts of the human body and the functions of the five organs involved in the practice of Nei Dan were clearly explained, especially the important parts of the practice of Nei Dan lie in the three dantians and the three passes, and the main points were specified, so that people could understand at a glance, and it was very popular and clear. Expression of popularization, but also highlighted in the Ming and Qing dynasties produced a large number of in-depth, easy to understand the health of reading materials. Like "medical first", "Zunsheng eight paper", "food color Squire speech", "moaning language", "class repair know-how", "Lao Lao HengYin" and so on, are the emergence of this period contains a rich and colorful health culture since ancient times, and elegant and popular **** appreciation of the excellent health reading material. One of the Ming Dynasty Wang Wenlu compiled "medical first", people are very familiar with things as a metaphor, in-depth exposition of many esoteric health theory, such as on the relationship between the form of God: "form like a lamp cylinder full of oil, God like a lamp oil fire, shaking over the lamp cylinder lamp oil diarrhea, sizzling dry lamp oil lamp cylinder cracked, must be form and God, that is, the soul and spirit of the foot, Yingwei tune." Hu Wenhuan's "class repair know-how" is in the form of aphorisms and maxims, summarized many important health methods, such as one of the "heart of the words" when talking about the role of emotional regulation of health wrote: "Smile a little, less; annoyed, old, old; fight a fight, thin, thin; let a let, fat a fat." Not only is the language easy, catchy, and the form is also very lively, very easy for the public to accept. The popularization of health reading material not only promotes the popularization of health culture. Nutrition object favoring the elderly, China's health science, since the Tang Dynasty Sun Simiao put forward the "old age big example", the focus of the study began to gradually turn to the elderly. But this view really reached the popularization of the degree, is in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Especially in the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Jiajing's pursuit of longevity in his later years, the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Emperor Qianlong has also held a number of thousands of old people's feasts and respect for the elderly activities, the supreme ruler of the above actions objectively promote the importance of the elderly to care for the health care of the formation of the wind. Most of the writings on health care that appeared in this period are related to the health and longevity of the elderly to varying degrees. The Ming and Qing dynasties health object heavy old man, but also significantly manifested in the emergence of a large number of geriatric monographs, such as "Shou Shi Baoyuan", "Lao Lao Yu Zhi", "Lao Lao HengYin" and other books, the old man as an important part of the health care of the old man, which the Ming Dynasty Imperial Doctor Gong Tingxian also in the "Shou Shi Baoyuan? Theory of Aging", the cause of aging as a special study. In addition, at that time, many non-physical monographs in the health chapter also attaches great importance to the health of the elderly and longevity issues. Diversified and coexist, compared with the previous generation, the Ming and Qing dynasties of health care methods and no significant improvement is only a variety of existing health care to be absorbed, thus showing a static and static, comprehensive management of the pluralistic trend. The static health care methods of this period emphasized the management of the mind and spirit. Gao Lian in the "Zunsheng eight paper" to remind people that life must be aware of the care of the heart and spirit, in order to be sick and prolonged life. With the static health care focus on the characteristics of the heart and God corresponds to the dynamic health care in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the importance of the introduction method. The so-called "guide", in fact, is a kind of "guide gas to make and lead the body to make soft" as the characteristics of the active respiratory movement and body movement combined with the medical sports health care method. It originated in the Warring States period, with qigong, massage *** with the three pillars of China's dynamic health methods. After the Ming Dynasty, due to the publication of "Taoist Collection" and the development of martial arts, greatly promoting the popularization and improvement of the art of guiding, such as the Ming Dynasty Zhengde years of the scholar Luo Hongxian compiled the "Immortal Biography forty-nine square", it is a very detailed collection of Hua Tuo's "five birds", and pointed out that: "Where the body is uneasy, as this The play of birds and animals, sweat, disease is healed." Pointed out the health care and health care role of the guiding method. In addition, comprehensive conditioning is also one of the most important health care methods in the Ming and Qing dynasties.