What is the archetype of Wushu?

Wushu: the technique of punching and using weapons, a traditional sport in China. (Modern Chinese Dictionary) It is also known as national art or martial art, a traditional Chinese sport. Its content is the kicking, hitting, wrestling, taking, falling, striking, chopping, stabbing and other movements in accordance with certain rules of the composition of unarmed and equipment of a variety of offensive and defensive fighting kung fu, routines and single-position exercises. Wushu has an extremely broad mass base and is a valuable cultural heritage that has been accumulated and enriched by the Chinese people in their long-term social practice. Currently, Wushu is categorized into Sanshou (散打) and Su Lu (套路), with Sanshou (散打) also known as Sanshou (散手), which is the ring situation of Wushu, and Su Lu (套路) which is the form of Wushu performance. The origin of Wushu can be traced back to the primitive society. At that time, mankind has begun to use sticks and other primitive tools as weapons to fight with wild animals, one is for self-defense, one is to hunt for means of subsistence, and later on, in order to compete with each other for wealth, and then create more lethal weapons. Such as "Mountains and Seas Classic? The great wilderness north scripture" has "Chi Yu for the army of the Yellow Emperor" records. In this way, human beings through the battle, not only made weapons, and gradually accumulated a certain sense of offense and defense fighting skills. In the Yin and Shang period, the development of the bronze industry, mainly car war, appeared some copper weapons, such as spears, gorges, halberds, axes, battle-axes, knives, swords and so on. At the same time, the usage of such weapons also appeared, such as chopping, stabbing, stabbing, chopping and other techniques. In order to improve combat effectiveness, there was already a form of competition at this time. As contained in the Book of Rites? King's system" contained in the "where the executive skills on the force, suitable for the four sides, bare arms, decided to shoot and defend", which means that the measure of martial arts high and low. Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the emergence of iron, the rise of foot cavalry, in order to play a role in the foot cavalry, long-handled weapons become shorter, shorter-handled weapons (especially the sword) become longer, so that the content of the weapon is richer, the martial arts of the further highlight the technical nature of the martial arts, martial arts fitness is also emphasized. At this time, the form of martial arts competition has appeared widely, and promote the development of martial arts. According to "Guanzi? Seven Laws", there were "Spring and Autumn Jousting" every year. According to "Zhuangzi? and Xunzi? The discussion of the military", when the martial arts competition has been very concerned about the skills, boxing style of attack, defense, counterattack, feints and so on. Qin prevailed in the corner and hand-to-hand combat, the game with a referee, there is a field of play, there are certain clothing. 1975 Jiangling County, Hubei Province, Phoenix Hill Qin Tomb unearthed on the back of a wooden grate painted on the back of a game at the time of the spectacle: the stage in front of the curtains fluttering, on the stage of the 3 naked men, wearing only shorts, waist tie, footwear wear buckles shoes, 2 in the game, a man with his hands stretched out in front of the referee. During the Han Dynasty, there were sword dances, sword dances, double halberd dances, battle-axe dances and so on. This all shows that the Han Dynasty martial arts dance has obvious technical combat, there are strokes, and more in the form of routines. Han Dynasty was a period of great development of martial arts, has formed a variety of technical styles of schools. Such as "Han Shu . Art and literature" income of "military skills" category there are 13, 199, are discussed in the "practice hands and feet, the instrument, the accumulation of organs, in order to set up the victory of attack and defense" of the martial arts monographs. Two Jin and North and South Dynasties period, frequent wars, bureaucrats and aristocrats or delayed in the feast or the pursuit of immortality, the impact of which also permeates the lives of all sectors of society, such as the sword as a mysterious color of the magic weapon, and even wooden sword instead of the sword, with the absurd cult instead of practicing martial arts, resulting in the stagnation of the art of martial arts. Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties period, with the economic development and prosperity of feudal society, martial arts re-emerged, the Tang Dynasty began to implement the martial arts system, and with the examination method to award the outstanding martial arts to the corresponding title, such as the "fierce Yin Shi", "the skillful Shi", "skill of the Shi", "fast foot of the Shi", to obtain each title has specific criteria. For example, the "Soldier of Fierce Yin" must "have a bow with a five-stone lead, a vector with five zhang, and a spear, sword, and halberd that can be easily utilized ......" ("Wu Bei Zhi"). Tai Bai Yin Jing? Selection of soldiers Chapter XVI "). This system of selecting talents through examination promoted the practice of martial arts in the society. With the development of foot and cavalry warfare, in the battlefield, go, halberd gradually eliminated, the sword as a military technology is mostly replaced by the knife, but as a set of exercises are still developing. Song Dynasty appeared civil martial arts organizations, seen in the records of the "jinbingshe" (crossbow), "Yinglioshe" (make stick), "Jiaojiaoshe" (sumo) and so on. These societies were simple and "self-contained head-wrapped bladeless spears, bamboo standard rows, wooden bow and knife, artemisia, and other martial arts skills" (History of the Song Dynasty, vol. 191). In the city, according to "dongting twelve kinds of capital city record victory" contained in the streets and alleys to play the field of martial arts, very lively. Performances of martial arts are angle against, make fist, kick, make stick, make stick, dance knife and gun, dance sword, as well as playing bombs, shooting crossbows, etc., the practice is called "playing sets", "gun against the card", "sword against the card", etc., at this time, the collective program also developed more and more. At this time, the collective project is also developing faster, for example, "Tokyo Dreaming Records" Volume 7 contains: "two people out of the battlefield dance against the shape of a stabbing ...... where five or seven pairs of appearances, or to the gun against the card, the sword against the card and so on." But confrontational attack and defense techniques due to the influence of the Song rationalists advocating the "main quiet", are gradually declining. Yuan dynasty rulers of the folk "...... twenty people are not allowed to gather above the roundup" ("yuan canon chapter" volume 3, relief of hunger and poverty), and even the folk of the private collection of weapons is also a crime. Martial arts are taught in a secret family way at the risk of life and limb. The Ming Dynasty was a period of great development of martial arts, the emergence of different styles of technical schools, boxing, equipment have been developed, especially in the theoretical summary of the past experience of practicing martial arts, representative works are "Jixingxinshu", "martial arts", "ploughing surplus leftover skills" and so on. These writings, to varying degrees, recorded boxing, equipment, schools, history, action name, characteristics, sports methods and technical theory, some of which are also accompanied by song and action illustrations, providing an important basis for the study of martial arts for future generations. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty prohibited the practice of martial arts, folk to "society", "museum" of the form of secret associations to teach martial arts, which is famous for boxing, such as taijiquan, baguazhang, Xingyiquan, Bajiquan, cleaving boxing, etc., more than in the formation of the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, there are various forms of social boxing clubs, the dissemination and development of martial arts played a positive role.