The layout of the city of Beijing and the architectural features of the Forbidden City can be seen in its architectural design of the idea is what

Beijing, the ancient capital of China's historical Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, is an ancient city with a long history of culture and a world-renowned city of history and culture, with a history of more than 1,000 years as the capital of the Liao Dynasty since 938 AD, and through the Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In the long history of being the capital, the emperors and their strategists of various dynasties, in order to maintain the rule of the emperors, to make the emperors' kingdom permanent and long-lasting, planned and designed the ancient capital of Beijing carefully and constructed a series of symbolic city buildings in an attempt to achieve the goal of "blessing from heaven and good fortune" through the construction of a perfect capital city. Purpose. Especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ancient capital of Beijing was more perfect and majestic, and at the same time more mysterious, which made the ancient capital of Beijing have a strong characteristic of the capital. Nowadays, those dynasties in history have already passed, but they have left numerous historical relics buildings and monuments for the descendants, which provide the physical basis for the descendants to study the planning and designing ideas of the ancient capital city.

So what principles were the ancient capital of Beijing planned and designed according to? What is the symbolic significance of those design patterns, what is their meaning, and what are their roles and uses? After years of fieldwork and research on the ancient capital of Beijing, the author found that the ancient capital of Beijing was planned and designed according to the principle of "Zhouyi", the highest traditional culture of ancient China, and built according to the cosmic concept of "unity of heaven and man". Every ancient building in the ancient capital of Beijing contains the immortal glory of the ancient philosophy of Zhouyi.

"Zhouyi" is a great book of Chinese history in the ancient times, its meaning is profound, is the source of thousands of years of traditional Chinese culture, is recognized as the highest level of ancient philosophical writings and the most authoritative historical and cultural canon in China and even in the world. In Chinese history, Zhouyi has been honored as "the first of all scriptures and the source of the great Tao", and has had a significant impact on the culture and civilization of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. Only by studying traditional Chinese culture and civilization along the vein of "Zhou Yi" can we find the real answer.

I The ancient capital of Beijing, the Temple of Heaven, the Temple of Earth, the Temple of the Sun, and the Temple of the Moon were designed and constructed according to the principles of the Eight Trigrams of the Ancestral Heaven of the Book of Zhou

The ancient city of Beijing was divided into two parts, the inner and outer parts, which are nowadays known as the convex-shaped city. The northern part of the convex-shaped city is called the inner city, built earlier, it was built in the early Ming Dynasty on the basis of the Yuan Dadu with reference to the design of the early Ming Dynasty capital city of Nanjing and the Ming Dynasty's central capital (Fengyang, Anhui Province). The southern part of the convex shape, called the outer city, was built later, during the Jiajing period in the late Ming Dynasty. Opening a map of the ancient capital Beijing, we can see that four ancient altar buildings, the Temple of Heaven, the Temple of Earth, the Temple of the Sun and the Temple of the Moon, were built in four directions, north, south, east and west, outside the inner city of the ancient capital Beijing.

The Temple of Heaven is the largest and most structurally complete ancient royal altar building in China, which is located in the south outside the inner city of Beijing, and was ordered to be constructed by Emperor Zhu Di in 1420 A.D. in the 18th year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty, with a history of more than 500 years so far. The Temple of Heaven is the place where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties offered sacrifices to the heavens on the winter solstice, prayed for grain in the spring, and offered sacrifices for rain on the summer solstice every year. The Temple of Earth was built in 1530 A.D. by Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty in the 9th year of the reign of the Emperor, and is located in the north outside the inner city of Beijing. It was originally called the Temple of Earth because of the square zephyr canal around the altar, and was renamed the Temple of Earth in the 13th year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty. The Temple of Earth was the place where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties worshipped their ancestors, the gods of the earth, and it is the most well-preserved building in China for worshiping the earth. The Temple of the Sun and the Temple of the Moon were both built in 1530 AD by Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. The Temple of the Sun is located in the east outside the inner city of Beijing, also known as the Temple of the Rising Sun, is the Ming and Qing emperors in the annual "spring equinox" day of ancestor worship "sun god" place. Altar of the Moon, also known as the Yuyuetan, is located outside the inner city of Beijing in the west, is the Ming and Qing emperors in the annual "autumnal equinox" day ancestor of the "god of night" that is, "the moon god" and the stars in the sky god of the place.

Sacrificing the sky, earth, sun and moon is a long-standing custom in Chinese history. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, ancestor worship of heaven, earth, sun and moon has become a system, and during the Warring States period, Emperor Qin Shihuang had sacrificed the sun in Weishan (Rongcheng Chengshanjiao, Shandong Province), and the moon in Laishan (Yixian, Shandong Province). Western Han Dynasty in the years of Emperor Cheng in the then capital city of Chang'an, the southern suburbs had built "heaven and earth of the ancestors" to sacrifice heaven and earth, the construction of "Dongjun Sacrifice" in order to sacrifice the day. Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties, there is the spring equinox of the eastern suburbs of the sun, sacrificing ancestors of heaven and earth God, and the name of the legacy still exists. Ming Dynasty two generations of emperors to build large-scale special building ancestor of heaven, earth, sun and moon. To date, some parts of China's folk still retained in the Spring Festival ancestor "God of heaven and earth" custom, can be seen in China's ancestor of heaven and earth, sun and moon of the custom of the long history. Ancestor heaven and earth, the sun and the moon is one of the grand ceremonies of the ancient state of China, is a major event in the reign of the emperor career, successive emperors have attached great importance.

1. Ancient emperors and subjects worship the concept of heaven and earth, the sun and the moon is from the Zhou Yi

"Zhou Yi - said the trigrams," said: "Qian, the sky is also known as the father. Kun, the earth is also, so called the mother." Means that the eight trigrams in the dry hexagram on behalf of the sky, is honored as the father. Kun Gua on behalf of the earth, the earth is honored as the mother. Zhou Yi "Department of Rhetoric" said: "the heavens and the earth are generating, all things are alcohol. Men and women constitute the essence, all things are born," which is to say that "heaven and earth, yin and yang two gas mingling, all things can change and perfect, yin and yang male and female sexes, all things can produce changes". Zhou Yi - Preface to the trigrams" said: "There is heaven and earth and then all things are born. ...... there is heaven and earth and then there are all things, there are all things and then there are men and women, there are men and women and then there are couples, there are couples and then there are fathers and sons, there are fathers and sons and then there are rulers and ministers, there are rulers and ministers and then there are up and down, there are up and down and then there is a mistake in the etiquette." That is to say, heaven and earth, yin and yang two qi intermingle in order to produce all things, there are all things in order to produce men and women, couples, fathers and sons, rulers and ministers, up and down, etiquette, all things away from heaven and earth can not survive, heaven and earth is the root cause of all things, so the ancients are very respect for heaven and earth, respect and worship of heaven and earth, the formation of a regular ritual system of sacrifices to the ancestors of heaven and earth according to the festival.

"Zhouyi-Series of Rhetoric" also said: "is why the rigid and flexible phase Mo, gossip phase swing, drums with Lei Huo, Run to wind and rain, the sun and the moon run, a cold and a summer." "The day to the month, the month to the day, cold and summer push, and the year into." The ancients believed that it is the sun and the moon coming and going, the sun and the moon pushing each other in the universe that produces day and night, light and darkness. It is the operation of the sun and the moon, only to produce winter and summer, cold to summer, summer to cold, cold and heat push each other to produce a year of spring, summer, fall, winter and the four seasons of the year, only to produce a year and a year. Ancient people believe that the sun and the moon is the formation of the years can not be separated from the sky, thus giving rise to the ancestral custom of the sun and the moon.

2. Altar of Heaven, Altar of Earth, Altar of the Sun, Altar of the Moon, is built according to the "Zhouyi" the eight trigrams of the first heaven

Why did the ancient emperors build the Temple of Heaven in the inner city of Beijing in the south, the Altar of the Earth was built in the north, the Altar of the Sun was built in the east, the Altar of the Moon was built in the west? Its theory is based on the "Zhouyi" the eight trigrams of the first heaven.

"Zhouyi-Speaking Gua" said: "Heaven and earth positioning, mountain and Ze Tong Qi, thunder and wind phase thin, water and fire do not shoot, gossip is wrong." "Qian, Yang things also, Kun, Yin things also." Ancient people based on this passage, put forward the theory of the innate eight trigrams, according to the innate eight trigrams orientation, dry south, Kun North, away from the East, Kan West, Dui Southeast, Burgundy Northwest, Zhen Northeast, Sundance Southwest.

"Zhouyi-Speaking Gua" said: "dry for the day for the king as the father ...... Kun for the mother of the earth" "away from the fire for the day ...... Can for the water for the month ...... "That is to say, dry for the sky in the south, Kun for the ground in the north, away from the day in the east, Kan for the month in the west. Ancient people believe that the innate gossip orientation is the original orientation of heaven and earth, sun and moon. The ancients in order to the altar of heaven, earth, the altar of the sun, the altar of the moon and the innate eight trigrams correspond to, so in accordance with the innate eight trigrams will be built in the south of Beijing's ancient inner city of the altar of the earth is built in the north, the altar of the sun is built in the east, the altar of the moon is built in the west. And the four altars in the middle is the emperor's capital city, it can be seen, heaven, earth, sun and moon altar represented by the trigrams, and the imperial capital of Beijing inner city constitutes the heavenly eight trigrams of the city.

3. Temple of Heaven, Temple of Earth, Altar of the Sun, Altar of the Moon's architectural image features are also based on the Zhou Yi

The Temple of Heaven's architectural image features a rounded shape, Altar of the Earth's architectural image features a square, Altar of the Day's architectural image features a rounded shape, the Altar of the Moon's architectural image features a square, why the Temple of Heaven is built into a round, Altar of the Earth was built into a square, Altar of the Day was built into a round, Altar of the Moon was also built into a square? It turns out that this is also based on the Zhou Yi.

"Zhouyi-Speaking Gua" said: "Qian for the sky for the round ...... Kun for the ground ...... "Zhouyi-Wenyin" said: "Kun to the soft movement is also just to the static and de square ...... "That is to say, the dry trigrams on behalf of the sky symbolizes the round, Kun trigrams on behalf of the ground symbolizes the square. According to this ancient city people believe that the sky is round, the earth is square, the sky looks like a cauldron like buckle in the earth above, this is the ancient "heaven and earth" said the origin. According to the principle of Zhouyi, the ancient emperors built the Temple of Heaven in a round shape and the Temple of Earth in a square shape in order to better communicate with heaven and earth and to obtain the blessing of the God of heaven and earth. The main building in the Temple of Heaven with the altar Huanqiu is a three-tiered circular platform, the center of the platform for a round taiji stone, taiji stone outside the 9 fan round stone circle surrounded by the circle, Huanqiu below the wall is also round. Stored in the emperor God's tablets and the emperor's ancestors tablets of the emperor dome is also round, the emperor dome of the temple floor is also round, the center of the round stone surface, the first circle outside according to the eight trigrams surrounded by fire block fan round stone ground, the emperor bends outside the enclosure wall for the circle, which is the famous Echo Wall. The emperor prayed for the valley with the top of the Hall of Prayers for three round buildings, the Hall of Prayers within the ground is also a round ground, the center of a round stone, the law of its surroundings in accordance with the direction of the gossip arranged fan-shaped stone; Prayer Hall of the base is also a three-layer circular platform, the Hall of Prayers outside of the enclosure is also round, the Temple of Heaven throughout the northern part of the periphery of the enclosure wall is also round. Therefore, the circle is a prominent feature of the Temple of Heaven architecture.

The Altar of the earth altar worship platform for the two-story square building, the altar surface stone is square, the shape of the stage around the Ze canal is also square, worship platform around the two-layer wall is also square. It can be seen that the square is a prominent feature of the shape of the altar building.

"Zhouyi-Speaking Gua" said: "away from the also, the bright. All things are seen, the south of the trigrams also ...... Kan, water, is the north of the trigrams also." "away from the fire for the day ...... for the dry trigram ......." In accordance with the latter day eight trigrams orientation, away from the trigrams for the South, Kan trigrams for the North, respectively, with the innate eight trigrams of the Qiankun two trigrams position heavy, therefore, the altar of the day and the altar of heaven built round, the altar of the month and the altar of the earth as built square, the altar of the day and the altar of the month is not the original shape of the image, according to the surviving design of the early years of the Ming Dynasty Mingzhongjing (Fengyang, Anhui Province) design programs, the altar of the day altar is a square, but the enclosure wall immediately around the altar is a circle

4. Altar of Heaven, Altar of Earth, the connotation of the "number" in line with the principles of the Zhouyi

"Zhouyi - System of Rhetoric," said: "Tianyi one, earth two, three days, four days, five days, six days, seven days, eight days of the earth, nine days, the earth ten. The number of days five, the number of earth five, the king's throne and each have a combination. The number of heaven is twenty and five, and the number of the earth is thirty, and the number of all heaven and earth is fifty and five." According to this exposition, one, three, five, seven, nine for the odd number of yang, two, four, six, eight, ten for the even number of yin, yang number of the largest number of 9, yin number of the largest number of 10 followed by 8. Altar of Heaven for the heavens for the yang, so the number of connotations for the yang singular, for example, altar of heaven altar circle mound built for three layers, the top layer of the circle mound diameter of 9 zhang, the second layer of the diameter of 15 zhang, the third layer of the diameter of 21 zhang, the top layer of altar The top layer of the altar was round with a round stone in the center called the Taiji Stone. The first circle around the Taiji Stone was surrounded by 9 fan-shaped round stones, the second circle by 18, and the third circle by 27, which were arranged according to the mathematical law of fn=9n. The top layer of the circle is 9 circles, the second layer is 9 circles, the third layer is also 9 circles, and the steps between the three layers of Huanqiu are all 9 steps. Prayer Hall for the base of three layers, Prayer Hall for the top of three layers, Prayer Hall from the base to the top of the * * * 9 layers, meaning 9 heavens, Prayer Hall in the ground for the circle, the center of the center for a round stone called the center stone, around the first circle in accordance with the gossip by 8 stones, the second circle of 16, according to the mathematical laws of the fn = 8n arrangement, * * * 9 circles. The floor of the Royal Vault of Heaven is also round, with a round stone at its center and 8 fan-shaped stones arranged in the first circle around it according to the orientation of the Great Potential, and 9 circles arranged according to the mathematical law of fn=8n in order outwards***. The earth altar is the earth for yin, and the number of the earth altar building is even yin. For example, the central building of the Temple of Earth, the Altar of Worship, was a square two-story structure with the upper altar surface measuring 6x6 zhang and the lower altar surface measuring l0x10 zhang, with an even number of steps between the two layers, 8 steps. Earth altar altar surface is composed of square stone, the upper altar surface center for 6x6 = 36 large square stone, its external gossip orientation arrangement of (8x8)x8 = 512 smaller square stone, the lower level of (8x8)x16 = 1024 small square stone, the earth altar altar outside the enclosing wall of 2 heavy. The number of buildings within the Sun Altar is odd yang, e.g., the first floor altar measures 5x5 zhang, 5'9" high, 9 steps, and a circular enclosure wall outside. The number of buildings inside the Moon Altar is mostly even yin, for example, the altar surface measures 4x4 zhang, 4 feet 6 inches high, with 6 steps. As can be seen from the above, heaven, earth, sun and moon altar building "number" in line with the principles of Zhouyi.

5. According to the "Zhou Yi" "Yuan, Heng, Li, Ching" named altar door

The Temple of Heaven in the main building round mound around the wall there are four doors, the east door said Taiyuan door, the south door said Zhaoheng door, the west door of the day Guangli door, the north door said the door into the Ching door, the name of the four doors of the second word composed of Yuan, Heng, Li, Ching four words. Yuan hengli chastity is the "zhouyi" in the four virtues of the dry trigrams, "zhouyi - WenYan" said: "yuan, the good of the long also; Heng, Jia of the meeting also; Lee, righteousness and also; chastity, things dry also. Gentleman body benevolence enough to grow people, Jia will be enough to cooperate with the rites, and benefit enough and righteousness, chastity solid enough to officer. The gentleman who performs these four virtues, it is said: Qian, Yuan Henri Ching". Temple of Heaven altar around the Huanqiu four doors with "Yuan Henri Zhen" four words named, more than that the Temple of Heaven is according to the "Zhou Yi" principle of design and construction.

The Temple of Heaven covers an area of 273 hectares, the Temple of Earth covers an area of 37 hectares, the Temple of Heaven is 8 times larger than the Temple of Earth, that is to say, the Temple of Heaven area is large, the Temple of Earth area is small, "Zhouyi - Tai Gua" hexagrams: "small to the big to come, good luck, Heng," or not hexagrams hexagrams: "the big to the small to come! ". Zhou Yi that, Tai Gua upper hexagram for the Kun, the lower hexagram for the Qian, No Gua upper hexagram for the Qian, the lower hexagram for the Kun. Qian is Yang for the sky is big, Kun is Yin for the ground is small. So the altar of heaven is larger than the altar of earth.

The ancient capital of Beijing, the inner city, the Imperial City, the Palace is designed and built according to the "Zhou Yi" principle

1. According to the "Zhou Yi" "heaven and earth, people, three talents" design of the capital

"Zhou Yi - the Department of Rhetoric," said: "Yi is the book is also, the vast full, the way of heaven is absent, someone Road is absent, the way of the earth is absent. Where is the human path, there is the earth path, both the three talents and the two, so six. Six, not it also, three materials of the Road also". Means that "Zhou Yi" the book, the vast and complete, there is the way of heaven, there is the way of man, there is the way of earth, both heaven and earth and man three materials and two two and its corresponding, so a hexagram contains six paintings. The six paintings are nothing else but the way of "heaven, earth, man and three materials". According to this passage, the ancients believed that the universe has "heaven, earth and man three talents", the sky above, the earth below, people are the product of the intersection of heaven and earth, so between heaven and earth, specific to China's Shenzhou land, then the sky in the south, the earth in the north, the people in the north and south between.

Accordingly, the Ming Emperor in the ancient capital of Beijing, built in the south of the Temple of Heaven, north of the Temple of Earth, Beijing is located in the middle of the two altars of heaven and earth. Another example is the ancient capital of Beijing's imperial city south of the Tiananmen, north of the Di'anmen, the imperial domain is located in the middle of the Tiananmen and Di'anmen. Another example, the first door in the south of the palace in the early Ming Dynasty was named Fengtianmen, the Qing Dynasty changed to the middle of the Taihemen, the first door in the north of the palace called Shunzhen door, according to the Zhou Yi, Kun for the Shun for the ground, so the Shunzhen door to symbolize the ground door, the palace in the palace in the Fengtianmen (Heaven's Gate) and the Shunzhen door (ask) between. Again, such as the Palace of the Harem three halls, the south for the Qianqing door, the north for the Kuning door, the center for the Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kuning Palace, based on the Zhou Yi Qian for the day, Kun for the ground, the Harem three halls are still living in the sky (Qianqing), the ground (Kuning) between.

This shows that the ancient people from the "Zhou Yi" there have been well versed in the "heaven and earth and people" way, and will be used in the construction of the capital city. Ancient people designed and named their buildings after the three talents of heaven, earth and man, with the aim of realizing the unity of heaven, earth and man, so that people would be blessed by heaven and earth, and the country would be prosperous and the people would be peaceful.

2. According to the "Zhouyi" "heavenly eight trigrams" and "heavenly eight trigrams" map design metropolis

The ancients believed that, in the heavenly eight trigrams in the direction of the dry South, Kun North, away from the East, Kan West called the four positive orientation, the other four sides of the four corners of the four corners of the four corners of the four corners of the four corners of the four corners of the four corners of the direction of the four corners of the four corners of the four corners. The ancients believed that the eight trigrams is a harmonious and stable state of equilibrium, smooth is auspicious, against the evil. Some of the buildings in the ancient capital of Beijing is designed in accordance with the eight trigrams. For example, the inner city of Beijing, south of the Temple of Heaven, north of the Temple of Earth, east of the altar of the sun, west of the altar of the moon, which is very obvious four of the first heavenly gossip orientation. Another example, the Imperial City, four doors, south of Tiananmen, north of the ground for the door, east of Dong'anmen, west of Xi'an door, as mentioned earlier, according to the innate eight trigrams orientation, away from the east of the day, Kan for the west for the month, so from the Tian'anmen, the ground for the door of such an arrangement can be judged, this arrangement is still the innate eight trigrams orientation. Again, such as, the Palace Inner Court Harem, South for the Qianqing door, the North for the Kuning door, East for the Sun's fine door, West for the door of the moon, in the middle of the Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Hall, Kuning Palace, which is very typical of the four heavenly gossip orientation. The above several situations strongly suggest that the ancient capital of Beijing inner city is built according to the orientation of the eight trigrams of heaven, the Imperial City is also built according to the orientation of the eight trigrams of heaven.

In addition to the palace according to the first heavenly eight trigrams orientation building, some buildings are according to the "Zhouyi" after the heavenly eight trigrams orientation design and construction.

The eight trigrams of the day after the orientation of: Kan North, away from the South, Zhendong, Tui West, Dry Northwest, Kun Southwest, Burgundy Northeast, Xun Southeast.

The ancient capital of Beijing, the inner city according to the "Zhouyi" Houtian gossip orientation design and name of the building has the Palace of the four Palace Gate: South Gate Wu Gate, afternoon for the fire away from the North for the Shenwu Gate, originally known as the Xuanwu Gate, the Qing Dynasty, during the Kangxi years in order to avoid the Emperor's name of the Emperor Xuan Ye's taboo to change the door to the Shenwu Gate, Xuan that is, the black, the water for the black, Xuanwu that is, the north of the position of Kan Shui; East Gate East Gate, East of the Zhen for the wood, the west for the West Gate, west of the Dui for the gold. From the Palace of the south door of the afternoon fire, the north door Xuanwu can be seen in the Palace of the four Palace door is arranged and named according to the eight trigrams of the day after the orientation.

Yuandai Yuan dynasty metropolis has 11 doors, the east door of the three doors said light Xi door, Chongren door, Qi Hua door. Zhen for the east for the wood for the benevolent, Xun for the "Qi" for the wood; South Gate three said civilization door, Li Zhengmen, Shun Cheng door, away from the South for the Li for civilization, so "Li", "Ming" symbolizes the South away from the fire; West door three said PingZe door, and YiQing, SuQing door, Dui for the west for the righteousness for the SuKei, so "righteousness", "Su" symbolize the west against the gold; North door two said JianDe door, AnZhen door. Zhou Yi? Said Gua" said: "Kan, water is also, the north of the trigram is also, labor trigram is also, the return of all things, so it is said that the labor of Kan." Means that the position of the northern Can Gua for all things tired and need to return to the place of rest, it is "An", "An" symbolizes the Can water, so Anzhen door that the northern Can position. Visible from the above, the name of the city gate is basically also named according to the eight trigrams.

3. "Zhou Yi" of the "in" "positive" ideas and the Imperial City Palace "in the center of the right"

"Zhou Yi" particularly advocate

The Zhou Yi especially advocates the "center" and "positive". Zhou Yi - Wenyan" said: "great Qian Hu, just healthy and upright, pure and refined. Means that the great ah Qian Yang, strong and robust, "in the center of the right", can be described as pure and exquisite. "Wenyan" also said: "nine two: see the dragon in the field, the benefit of seeing adults, what is also?" Zi said: "The dragon, virtue and the center is also." Meaning nine two, see the dragon in the field, good to see adults, what does this mean? Confucius said: the dragon, virtuous and behavior "both positive and in the" of the adults also.

Ancient emperors believe that the dry for the Yang for the sky for the king, just and upright, the emperor as "the son of the emperor" and the order of the day, should also be the same as the sky, upright just and upright strong, the emperor is a country of the Lord, the capital is the country's domination of the center, the palace is the emperor sitting in the place of governance, the emperor to "in the center is sitting", so as to show the dignity of the emperor, for this reason, the emperor of the Imperial City Palace was built in the ancient capital of Beijing on the central axis, the center is majestic, sitting upright, the tiger looks at the world.

We know that the ancient capital of Beijing has a north-south axis, which is Yongdingmen, Zhengyinmen, Tian'anmen, Wumen, Shenwumen, Drum Tower, Bell Tower a line, the ancient city of Beijing to the axis as the axis of the east and west symmetry, which design is also based on the "Zhou Yi". Zhou Yi has always emphasized the balance of yin and yang, and a balance of yin and yang leads to harmony in all things. In ancient times, the emperor sat in the south of the capital city, in the emperor's view, the left for the east is yang, the right for the west is yin, only symmetry in the east and west of the city to balance the yin and yang, the balance of yin and yang is the harmony of all things. Therefore, the shape of the ancient capital city symmetry, symmetry of the city gates, some place names are also symmetrical. Such as Dongdan, Xidan, Dongsi, Xisi, Dongzhimen, Xizhimen, Dongbianmen, Xibianmen, Zuo'anmen, right Anmen and so on.

4. From the name of the Palace of the three great Palace of the three great Palace to see the "Zhouyi" in the design of the ancient capital of the dominant role

In the center of the central axis of the Palace of the center of the position, is the largest and most important of the Palace of the former three halls, that is, the Hall of Supreme Harmony, in the Hall of Peace, the Hall of Baohe Temple. In front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the south is the Gate of Supreme Harmony, the east is the Gate of Concord, the west is the Gate of Xiho. After the three halls is the Palace inner court after the three palaces, namely, Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kuning Palace, in the three palaces south of the Qianqing Gate, north of the Kuning Gate. Hall of Supreme Harmony is the new emperor of the Ming and Qing dynasties on the throne of the place, is the emperor enthroned the Empress, sent will go on a military expedition as well as the annual New Year's Day, winter solstice, the emperor's birthday of the three major festivals and other major celebrations of the country, the emperor held ceremonies and the place of the hundred officials congratulations, the Hall of Central Harmony after the Hall of Central Harmony, the emperor in the ceremony before sitting down and resting to wait for the hour of court, after receiving the congratulations of the hundred officials and then go to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Baohe Temple in the Hall of Central and after the Emperor is enthroned Empress, enthroned the Crown Prince, ministers on the table when the ceremony was held to be congratulated. Inside the Palace of the Harem of the Qianqing Palace is the Harem Palace, is the bedchamber of the Ming and Qing emperors, but also the emperor's daily activities and usually deal with the political affairs of the place, every year, New Year's Day, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, the winter solstice, the emperor's birthday and other festivals, the emperor held here in the imperial family feast. Jiao Tai Hall in the Qianqing Palace, is the Empress every ceremony and birthday to receive congratulations place. Kunning Palace in the Palace of Jiaotai after the Queen's bedchamber and the Emperor's wedding cave place.

From the Imperial Palace in front of the Palace of Taihe Temple, in the Hall, the Hall of Baohe and the Palace of Qianqing Palace, the Palace of Jiaotai, Kunning Palace of the use, activities and scale of the building can be seen, the former three halls and the inner court of the three palaces are the most important palaces in the Palace of the Imperial Palace is the emperor held a major event, is also the center of the Palace of the Palace of the building. Such an important palace and its doors and queues with "Taihe", "China and", "Baohe", "Taihe", "Concord", "Xiho" and "Qianqing", "Kuning" named, it is clear that the "and", "Qian", "Kun" several words in the mind of the Emperor's importance. "Taihe" two words from the Zhou Yi "Elephant - Qian", "Qian", "Kun" two words are the first two hexagrams in the Zhou Yi scriptures Gua name. "Elephant? Qian" said: "Qian Dao changes, each positive life. Keeping the harmony, is the chastity." Means that, Qian Dao that is the law of the sky is always changing, in this change in the breeding of all things generated according to its nature of the law is correctly determined by its life and nature, preservation of the universe together with the "Taihe" gas, to maintain the harmony of the natural world, all things can be along the established track of life normal development and change. He" means harmony, harmony and concord, "he" means concentricity and synergy, "neutralization" means the balance of yin and yang, only "he" can unite the top and bottom, and the top and bottom can be united, and the top and bottom can be united, and the top and bottom can be united, and the top and bottom can be united, and the top and bottom can be united. Only "and" can the top and bottom of the unity, all the people of one heart, only and "and" to the world peace, the people live in peace and work in contentment, only "and" to make the emperor's kingdom continue forever.

Qianqing Palace of the "dry" for the day for the light of the Qing for the move, Kunning Palace of the "Kun" for the ground for the quiet, dry for the king, "Qianqing" that is, the monarch is forever! "qingqing" that the monarch will always be "qingzhengyingming" meaning; Kun for the mother of the earth, "kuning" that is, the Empress will always be "serene and chaste" meaning, "jiaotai "that is, the intersection of Qiankun, heaven and earth intersection of auspicious and peaceful birth of all things.

5. Beijing City, the image of architectural features in line with the "Zhouyi"

In the ancient capital of Beijing in addition to a number of symbolic altars, the ancient capital of Beijing triple the city pool all square. For example, the city of Jin Zhongdu in the Jin Dynasty was square, the metropolis of Yuan Dynasty was rectangular, and the inner city, outer city and imperial city of Ming Dynasty were all square. In short, the square is the ancient capital of Beijing city construction features, but also the ancient northern city construction features. Why was the ancient capital built in square shape? According to the Zhouyi Hetu and Houtian gossip principle, the east is wood, the south is fire, the west is gold, the north is water, earth in the center. The emperor is sitting in the center, the five elements of the central earth. Previously talked about, Kun for the land for the mother for the square, in order to make the central soil and Kun for the square for the characteristics of the same, so the capital city of Imperial City, the Palace are built square. Palace in front of the three halls of Taihe Temple, the Hall of Harmony, the Hall of Bohol is the emperor to deal with major issues of the place, the three halls of the former dynasty are built on a three-tiered pedestal, and the three halls of the three-tiered pedestal connected to a single unit. Particularly meaningful is that the three pedestals from north to south and from top to bottom, it seems, just to form a "earth" type, and "earth" word "in the right". This means that the Royal Family considers itself to be the "central earth", and the "earth" should always be "centered".

6. "Zhouyi" and the palace building color decoration

The ancient capital of Beijing's royal buildings have specific colors. For example, yellow sulfur glazed tiles were used for the roof of the palace, red was used for the palace walls, and the earth in the altar of the Gods of Jik was five-colored earth.

Talked about earlier, the Royal belongs to the central earth, in accordance with the principle of the five elements of the Zhouyi, the earth is yellow, the ancients believe that yellow is the right color, for the color of honor, so the Royal building are yellow, yellow is the special color of the Royal building. From a high place to see the palace is simply a world of gold and blue.

The walls of the palace with red has two explanations. One is red for the fire, fire born in the center of the earth, the palace with red wall decoration is for the fire born of the earth, the Royal world has a solid foundation and strong support. Secondly, the Ming Dynasty, "Ming" word for bright for fire, red palace wall meaning and "Ming" fire red consistent. Coupled with the Ming Dynasty emperor surnamed Zhu, Zhu, red, red for fire. The red wall also indicates that the world of the Ming Dynasty surnamed Zhu.

The Ming and Qing dynasties used five colors of earth in the countryside is based entirely on Zhou Yi. According to Zhou Yi, the South for the fire of its soil for red, North for the water of its soil for black, East for the wood of its soil for green, West for the gold of its soil for white, the central soil for yellow, the emperor of the Divine Kingdom in the southeast, northwest and north of the different colors of the soil collected together, indicating that the Chinese land belongs to the Royal, through the ancestor of the five-color soil prayers for good weather and good harvests.

In summary, the principle of "Zhouyi" is an important idea followed in the design and naming of the ancient capital of Beijing, the Imperial City, the Harem, and only along the vein of "Zhouyi" to study the ancient capitals of China, can find the real answer.