Detailed information about paper cutting

Paper cutting is also divided into regions, different regional styles are different and give people a different feeling.　　The southern school is represented by Hubei Shinyang paper-cutting, Guangdong Foshan paper-cutting and Fujian folk paper-cutting.　　Shinyang Paper Cutting Shinyang Paper Cutting Shinyang (now Xiantao) is a part of the Jing-Chu region and has a long history of folk paper cutting, making it the "Hometown of Paper Cutting Art in Hubei Province". As early as in the Southern Dynasty, it was recorded in the "Jingchu Yearly Record" by Liang Zong Security Department that people in Jingchu cut paper on the seventh day of the first month of the lunar year, which is called "People's Day". "cut color as a person, or skeleton gold foil as a person, to paste the screen, or wear the sideburns of the head." Tang Li Shangyin's poem "People's Day" also says, "To make a victory out of gold is to pass on the custom of Jing, and to cut color for a person is to start the wind of Jin. Regardless, "gold-inspired", "color-cutting", both "paper-cutting" process also, has long been circulating in the folklore, and the Jing winds and customs of the Chu formed an unbreakable bond. Shinyang carved paper-cutting compared with paper-cutting in other places, mainly in the knife method is unique and highly skilled, successive generations of carving artists from the practice of gradual exploration and summarized a set of perfected the trick, pay attention to the "hold the knife to be positive, down the knife to be smooth, open the piece of the knife to be strict, line knife to be even. The application of techniques such as Yang-carving, Yin-carving, hidden points and hidden lines also makes the carved flowers, plants and trees, people, insects, birds and animals lifelike, vivid, and has become a favorite of the people's arts and crafts treasures.　　Guangdong Foshan paper-cutting Guangdong Foshan paper-cutting has a long history, originated in the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Since the Ming Dynasty, Foshan paper-cutting has been specialized in mass production, the products are sold to the province and the central and southern, southwestern provinces, and exported to countries in the South China Sea. According to the raw materials and methods of production, Foshan paper-cutting has copper lining, paper lining, copper writing, silver writing, woodcut overprinting, copper chiseling, pure color and other categories. Using the local specialty of copper foil and silver foil, with cutting, carving, chiseling and other techniques, lining a variety of color paper and painting and printing on a variety of patterns, forming a strong color, brilliant, rich in the southern characteristics of the paper-cutting. Foshan paper-cutting both delicate and elegant, but also thick and strong expression, according to the use of the needs of the selection of materials and the art.　　Fujian folk paper-cutting Fujian around the paper-cutting have different characteristics. Mountainous areas of Nanping, Hua'an and other places in order to depict more works of mountain poultry and livestock, the performance of the more robust, simple and simple; coastal Minnan, Zhangpu, some of the belt is often seen in the painting of aquatic animals, detailed style and vivid modeling; Putian, Xiyou area to the gift of flowers are mainly inclined to the implication of the gorgeous and delicate.　　Jiangsu Yangzhou paper-cutting and Zhejiang folk paper-cutting on behalf of.　　Jiangsu Yangzhou paper-cutting Jiangsu and Zhejiang school paper-cutting - Yangzhou paper-cutting "Four Seasons" a hundred changes cut out of the first one of China's popularity of paper-cutting Yangzhou is one of the earliest areas, Yangzhou paper-cutting has a long history and a long history. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty made three trips to Yangzhou and built a wide range of palaces and pavilions to enjoy himself. Every winter, the garden in the flowers and trees withered, the pool water frozen, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, the pleasure is not diminished, so that the courtesans imitated the folk paper-cutting, with colored brocade cut for the flowers and leaves, embellished with branches, hanging in the trees, while cutting into lotus, water lily, lotus root gravy and other things, remove the ice in the pool, one by one, the arrangement of the water, such as the spring and summer of the gorgeous scenery, so that the people to enjoy the eyes. Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou has been cutting paper to welcome the spring custom. On the day of spring, folk paper-cutting for flowers, and cut for spring butterflies, spring money, spring victory, or hanging in the head of the good people, or decorated with flowers, and look at each other for fun. Paper-cutting also has some special uses, folk cut paper people, paper horses and paper money, etc., used to pay homage to ghosts and gods. The great poet Du Fu wrote "warm soup wash my feet, cut paper to recruit my soul" verse, that is, this use.　　Zhejiang folk paper-cutting "Wulin Fanzhi" in the Five Dynasties, "Wu Yue Trampling King in the line of auspicious day ...... outside the city of 100 households, not hanging brocade, all with colored paper cut centaurs and horses in lieu of", depicting the former Wu Yue on the ground had appeared in a grand paper-cutting landscape. Folk paper-cutting tradition in the countryside in the continuation of the inheritance has endured. Until 1953, the investigator has recorded: "Zhejiang Province, window cutouts everywhere, to the Jinhua region of Yongkang, Pujiang, Panan, Wenzhou region of Yueqing, Pingyang, Pingyang Pingyang Tin paper cutting, dyeing and engraving works, etc., more, each with a different style, and different uses."　　Northern faction represents Shanxi paper cutting, Weixian paper cutting, Shaanxi folk paper cutting, magnetic paper cutting and Shandong folk paper cutting.　　Shanxi paper-cutting Folk paper-cutting is a very common art in Shanxi, those over a hundred old ladies and simple and handsome girls, often with the help of a small pair of scissors or carving knife, bending naturally, running flexibly in the paper hollowing out and carving into a pattern, decorating their lives. On the occasion of the New Year, when you walk into the villages and homes in northwestern Jin, you see the yellow mounds in the distance and the gray kilns in front of you, and you seem to think that the colors here are a little too monotonous. However, you look at the windows, the colorful window and colorful patterns, the wind fluttering door note, the cupboard, grain hoard, corral and other places of auspicious colors of paper flowers, you will be heartfelt sigh of appreciation, as if to feel the rich flavor of life. Yes, paper-cutting is such a rooted among the people, and people's lives are closely related to a folk art form for thousands of families to add color and joy. In the old days in the countryside, people often take the paper-cutting skills as a mark of assessment of the daughter-in-law dexterity or clumsiness, rural women have naturally become the paper-cutting process of folk heritage. Paper-cutting is an important part of folklore activities, and the richness of folklore phenomena, paper-cutting provides a wide world of free-ranging creations. Folk paper-cutting is closely integrated with local customs and habits, and contains the basic qualities of national spirit and national psychology, which is an organic part of national traditional culture. All the seasons of the year, residence, clothing, birth adult, marriage and burial, birthday party, are reflected in the paper-cutting. Take the seasons of the year as an example. On the first day of the first month of the year, every family hangs spring streamers and pastes window decorations, creating a festive atmosphere. Lanterns on the fifteenth day of the first month, the lamp to paste paper cuts, more colorful and attractive. March Ching Ming, offerings to be placed on the paper cutouts, expressing the feelings of nostalgia for the ancestors. May Dragon Boat Festival, cut and paste "five poisons" to avoid the epidemic. July 7 Beggar's Tune Festival, girls get together, cut patterns, race wisdom. September 9 Chrysanthemum Festival, cut and carve Chrysanthemum flag, symbolizing the step by step. October 1 Cold Farm Festival, Jinbei area with five-color paper cut into cold clothes, or made into clothes, hats, shoes, quilt all kinds of styles, burned in front of the door or cemetery, send the living to the deceased's grief. And then from the red and white wedding. When you get married, both sides of the door to be affixed to the big red double happiness words, Jinnan area will also be accompanied by the dowry with "fish pouncing lotus", "unicorn", "mandarin ducks playing in the water," and other large-scale paper cutouts covered, as decoration. The embroidery on pillows and handkerchiefs is also made of paper cuttings. Funeral ceremonies in the paper streamers, money trees, gold and silver mountains, cars and horses, are made of paper cutouts and paste. These extremely common paper-cut works, although not as noble as the pearl and emerald splendor, but linked to everyone's heart, along with the lives of thousands of families, with a heart-stopping charm of art.　　Guangling Paper Cutting "Guangling Window Flower" is famous for its realistic shape, exquisite carving and bright colors. The raw material is a single snow-white rice paper, and the tools are several carving knives of different sizes with beveled blades. The procedure is to use the knife to carve out the finished paper-cutting products, and then dyeing and coloring. Folk craftsmen are very concerned about the knife carving and coloring techniques, they are simple tools, take the Yin carving as the main, Yang carving as a complementary approach, in just a few minutes will be able to carve out many finished products. Coloring with a good white wine coloring, blending darker colors can add a small amount of alum, so that both the color can make the color on the bright water, but also to ensure that the paper-cutting storage for a longer period of time. Guangling paper-cutting has won a reputation for its exquisite skills, and is now sold to France, the United States, Japan, Poland and other countries, and has become a cherished work of art for overseas friends.　　Jincheng paper-cutting represented by magnetic paper-cutting, unique in the country. Magnetic paper-cut (MAGNETIC PAPER-CUT) Magnetic paper-cut can rely on its own magnetic adsorption to magnetic picture frames, magnetic scrolls, magnetic writing boards, can also be adsorbed to the refrigerator, security doors, cars, filing cabinets, stationery boxes and other iron objects. Spray a little water or wash clean can also be attached to glass or other smooth surfaces. Magnetic paper-cutting can more fully reflect the characteristics of paper-cutting through the carving and the effect of paper-cutting through the air. Magnetic paper-cutting is the inheritance and development of the art of paper-cutting. Magnetic paper-cutting contribution to paper-cutting is reflected in: first, magnetic paper-cutting to expand the market of paper-cutting; second, magnetic paper-cutting enriched the theory of paper-cutting; third, magnetic paper-cutting to enhance the artistic expression of paper-cutting, artistic creation techniques on the innovation, the artistic expression of more diversified. Magnetic paper-cutting history: Magnetic paper-cutting - Tiger In October 2007, the magnetic paper-cutting patent won the CCTV "I love invention" competition of the new Golden Idea Award. I love invention" competition in the CCTV final project from home and abroad registered nearly 3,000 patents, after the China Asset Appraisal Association, the China Invention Association and other relevant departments of experts and scholars of the rigorous evaluation, to participate in the CCTV final of 42 projects. Magnetic paper-cutting project because of its large market, good social benefits and its good irreplaceability and other aspects of the advantages, and finally won the CCTV "I love invention" competition, the first new Golden Idea Award, the new Golden Idea Award is also the highest award of the competition. During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, magnetic paper-cutting was displayed in the Shanxi Hut of China Story in the Olympic Park as a project selected by the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture, which was loved by friends from all over the world and received an honorary certificate awarded by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games and the Ministry of Culture. In November 2009, the magnetic paper-cutting team won the highest award in the Zhejiang Provincial College Students Career Planning Competition - "Double Top Career Planning Star". According to statistics, the "inspiration, success, employment, entrepreneurship" as the theme of the provincial college students career planning contest **** 85 colleges and universities to participate in the enrollment of nearly 45,000 college students, uploaded nearly 25,000 works. After layers of selection and strict screening, 85 colleges and universities across the province **** selected more than 300 pieces of work into the provincial final.　　Hebei Weixian paper-cutting Hebei Weixian paper-cutting, according to historical records, Weixian paper-cutting began in the Qing Dynasty during the Daoguang period, so far there has been more than 150 years of history. People in Weixian generally call paper cutting "window flower". The "Tianpi Liang" can be said to be the earliest form of window decoration, i.e., drawing and coloring on mica sheets for decoration. In the early days, local embroidery patterns for shoes, purses and pillows were also prevalent. Later on, the woodblock watermarking window flowers from Wuqiang County in Hebei Province were imported, and the unique style of paper-cutting in Weixian County was formed by absorbing its color characteristics and imitating the transparent effect of "Tianpi Liang" and carving it instead of cutting it. Wei County paper-cutting is mainly based on "Yin-carving" and "Color Dyeing", so it is said that "three parts work and seven parts dyeing". The representative figure is Wang Laoshang (1890-1951). The themes of paper-cutting in Weixian County are mostly taken from opera characters, but there are also auspicious images of flowers, plants, fish and insects, birds and animals. Wei County paper-cutting originated in the Ming Dynasty, is a unique style, at home and abroad, enjoys a good reputation of folk art, its production process in the country many paper-cutting unique, this paper-cutting is not "cut", but "carve", it is a thin rice paper as raw material, take small sharp It is a thin rice paper as raw material, take a small sharp carving knife carving, and then dyeing bright and brilliant colors and become, its basic production process for: design modeling - lavender - carving - dyeing. Weixian paper-cutting is the only one in the country that focuses on Yin-carved point-color paper-cutting, known for its fine knife work, colorful and famous, the so-called "Yang-carved to see the knife, Yin-carved to see the color, should be styled, along with the type of coloring" and become. Weixian paper-cutting locally known as "window", most from generations of unknown farmers artists, types of opera characters, birds, insects, fish and animals, and the depiction of real life in the countryside, etc., these works are full of composition, vivid modeling, bright colors, thick in the delicate, delicate in the pure and simple, stick it in the paper window, through the outdoors! The sunlight, extraordinarily delicate and transparent, colorful, looks particularly fresh and flexible, with a cheerful, bright, fresh interest. Weixian paper-cutting has a wide range of themes, deep and long meanings, and a rich flavor of life. Whether reflecting people's auspiciousness and happiness of the Qina or from the working people's enjoyable historical stories, folklore and characters; whether it is the northern unique cultural background and folklore reproduction, or for the four seasons of the season, marriage and life ceremonies and other celebrations, are reflected in the folk artist's superb wisdom and rich imagination. Together with the sparse and dense modeling design, meticulous and exquisite knife work, colorful and unique dyes, each piece of work is very vivid, tasteful and durable. Hundreds of theatrical face paintings, paper-cut calendars, desk calendars, gold foil paper-cutting and other products further enhance the ornamental, collectability and practicality of paper-cutting in Weixian County, making the art of paper-cutting in Weixian County, which is characterized by local characteristics, even more splendid and brilliant. The products sell well in more than 40 countries and regions such as the United States, Japan, Canada, Singapore, etc., and are well received by customers at home and abroad. On August 1, 2010 in Weixian held China's first paper-cutting art festival, a great achievement.　　Shaanxi Folk Paper Cutting Red and green paper cutting can be seen everywhere in Shaanxi from south to north, especially on the Loess Plateau and the 800-mile Qin River. The ancient shape, rough style, interesting symbolism, diverse forms, and exquisite skills occupy a very important position in Shaanxi and in the national folk art. Shaanxi paper-cutting is called a "living fossil" by experts, because it has inherited the ancient patterns of the Chinese nation, such as the fish body and human face, the lion body and human head, and the "bun doll" which is similar to the Zhou culture. Similar to the Han Dynasty portraits of "cow plowing" and so on. Inherited the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang and the concept of reproduction worship. For example, "Eagle Treading on Rabbit", "Snake Coiling Rabbit", "Heron Holding Fish", "Fish Playing with Lotus" in the paper-cutting of northern Shaanxi, "Frog, Deer, Fish and Bird". Shaanxi since ancient times is the political and cultural center of the Chinese nation, the legendary Yellow Emperor was buried in Shaanxi territory *** Tongling Qiaoshan, Xi'an half-slope, Lintong, Jiangzhai, Baoji Beishouling were found five thousand years ago Yangshao culture sites. Thirteen dynasties, including the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties, built their capitals in Shaanxi, leaving behind a rich heritage of folk culture. Shaanxi paper-cutting, this folk art form has a long history, in different styles and characteristics of paper-cutting art across the country, the ancient and simple Shaanxi paper-cutting with its unique charm, for people to love. The main forms of paper-cutting in Shaanxi include window kiln tops, kangwai flowers, door paintings, hanging curtains, pillow flowers, table skirt flowers, shoe flowers, wedding double happiness flowers, clothing and jewelry flowers, and shrine appliqués, etc. The forms are rich in content. The forms are diverse and rich in content. Window flowers are the most common. Every Spring Festival, no matter where in the countryside, the windows are glued with white paper and window flowers cut out of red paper are pasted on them to celebrate the New Year. In Shaanxi, the content of the window decoration is inherited from the tradition and close to life, reflecting the reality from a close distance. There are character activities, flowers, birds, fish and insects, birds and animals, folk stories and legends. The modeling is rigorous, and the folk flavor is full. Most of the Shaanxi paper-cutting comes from the hands of peasant women, characterized by simplicity, roughness, simplicity and clarity. The paper-cutting created by them is full of rich earthy flavor and strong emotional color, without the slightest artifice, with a simple and ancient folk style. On the one hand, they are influenced by folk culture, and on the other hand, they observe and understand life carefully and minutely, gather the wisdom of ordinary working people, and through bold and rich imaginations, they use paper-cutting to express their feelings about life and their understanding of beauty. In Shaanxi, the art of paper-cutting is first and foremost the folk paper-cutting of northern Shaanxi. This area has been closed to traffic and remote for nearly a hundred years, making it difficult for foreign cultures to enter, but ancient cultures and arts have been inherited by peasant women and passed down from generation to generation. For example, some paper-cutting inherited the style of Han Dynasty portrait stone, the outer outline is extremely concise and full. Vivid and imaginative. For example, the limbs of the "melon doll" pasted on the door of the Spring Festival in a peasant family are cut out of paper, and the head is replaced by a melon. As the authors are farmers, a wide range of people, different ages, so the subject matter of paper-cutting is colorful. Vegetables, flowers and trees, grazing and weaving, weddings and funerals, folklore and so on are the objects of the elderly authors. Guanzhong paper-cutting with its beautiful shape, detailed and realistic and loved by the people. The number of paper-cutting in southern Shaanxi is relatively small, characterized by its exaggeration with subtlety and meticulousness in hiding the true feelings. Paper-cutting is a culture created by women, in northern Shaanxi, there was "looking for a daughter-in-law, to be clever" custom, to find a daughter-in-law, "do not ask people blindly good, the first look at the hands of clever," the hands of clever is to look at the paper-cutting and embroidery. There is a "look at the windows and curtains", look at the windows, is to look at the cut window, look at the curtains is to look at the embroidery skills. It is widely believed that cut flowers good women must be smart, and then gave birth to a doll is naturally smart. Nowadays, rural northern Shaanxi, who will cut flowers, is still respected by the village. Every month day in-laws aunts women together to learn each other to cut flowers, have a good look out, scrambling for the same. In the first month of the women visit each other to see who has the best window decoration and who has the most skillful hands. Shaanxi paper-cutting in various forms, one is monochrome paper-cutting, two is color paper collage paper-cutting, three is point color paper-cutting, four is bleed paper-cutting, five is paper-plastic window, six is paper-smoked sample. Shanbei to monochrome paper cutting, simple and simple modeling, focusing on exaggerated deformation, inherited the ancient aesthetic interest and modeling concepts. In the content of the animals and plants are mainly flowers. It is said that the Confucius saint taught the world, only omitted the northern Shaanxi, so the northern Shaanxi people's temperament is not as moderate as the Guanzhong people, so the creativity is very strong, the expression of joy, anger, sadness and happiness, so the personality is very strong. In northern Shaanxi, Jingbian, Anbian, Dingbian, people say that the three sides of the paper-cutting, paper-cutting into another style, delicate, small and delicate, small in the big, well-drawn. Playing the "Lele" as fine as a needle point, cut out the line as thin as a hair, both different from Yan'an Sui, paper-cutting rough, but also different from the Jiangnan work, realistic. According to evidence, the three sides of the original border town, the court often sent southern generals to guard this place, they live here with their families, but also brought the folk culture of the water town, and the local ancient folk art to be combined, resulting in a unique three sides of the paper-cutting. Because of the better economic foundation of the gap area, the forms of paper-cutting became diversified, with monochrome, spot-color, collage, papier-maché and other forms being applied to each other, and the contents of the paper-cutting were based on the characters of operas and operas, and the qin, qi, shu, zhi, zhang, and the eight treasures, which are symbols of culture, were often added to the birds, flowers, and animals, with the characteristics of the Central Plains culture being strongly present. Ku Shulan is a master of folk collage paper-cutting in Xunyi County, over eighty years old this year, and a master of paper-cutting art named by the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Culture. She developed collage paper-cutting to the extreme, so that experts and scholars marveled at the Taiwan Hansheng for Ku Shulan published a large album album. CCTV and Shaanxi TV made a special movie to report. Heyang County Luo Zhanhua old man created the paper sculpture paper-cutting, character modeling adopted from the drama, the drama characters of a move portrayed vividly. The monochrome paper-cutting of the northern part of the country is influenced by its shadow modeling, while the monochrome paper-cutting of the western part of the country is influenced by woodblock New Year's Paintings, which can be seen in the deep cultural heritage of the Central Plains. Shaanxi Pictures (6) Shandong Folk Paper Cutting Northern School--Shandong Paper Cutting Shandong folk paper cutting can be roughly divided into two categories in terms of modeling style. One is the rough and bold style of the Bohai Bay region, which is in the same lineage as the paper-cutting of other provinces in the Yellow River Basin. One is more characteristic of the coastal areas of Shandong Jiaodong line-based, line and surface combination of delicate type of paper-cutting, which seems to be the same lineage with the Shandong Han Dynasty portrait stone subtle and elaborate style, with its pattern of dense decorative means, so that the simple and crisp appearance of more full and rich. Shandong Jiaodong called the handful of women as "trick people", "trick people" no matter in which village, is a matter of pride. Their flowers are often smoked in the fire on the earth paper circulated everywhere, and become near and far the countryside cut flowers look. The most common use of paper-cutting is to dress up windows. Jiaodong's windows are mostly long and thin lattice, generally can only stick some small flowers, women develop their own creativity, the use of the whole to zero method of the large composition is divided into strips cut out, and then pasted to the window combined into a complete picture. This paper-cutting, known as "window koshi," is usually attached to the "window center. There are also "window corner flowers," "window side flowers," and "cockerel flowers," which are hung in front of the window and are used for events, constituting a series of "latticework culture. The "latticework culture" is a series of "latticework culture". In line with the festivals, paper-cutting is also used for the decoration of wall and ceiling, as well as the appliqué of utensils. Among them, the paper cuttings passed down around Gaomi in Shandong Province are decorated from the doors, windows and roofs of farmhouses to the cabinets and closets. They are generally made without drafts and are characterized by a combination of sawtooth patterns and straight lines to form the image. Among them is known as Gaomi paper-cutting "female scholar" Qi Xiuhua is the most famous, this ordinary peasant girl, but with a small scissors, in a piece of red paper cut out their own colorful life.　　Chao Yang Paper Cutting National Intangible Cultural Heritage - Chao Yang Paper Cutting is a wonderful folk art, not only has the simplicity of the Central Plains culture, but also has the beautiful spirit of the southern marine culture. Its original traditional folk decorative graphics, handmade so that it is highly acclaimed, was Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts Professor Cheng Zheng called in Chinese paper-cutting artistic attainments to reach "Mount Everest level". First, the origin of Chaoyang paper-cutting If the origin of paper-cutting in the north is to avoid evil and suppress evil, then the origin of Chaoyang paper-cutting is to pray for blessing and beautification. Therefore, Chaoyang paper-cutting has high practicality in Chaoyang folk activities. Chaoyang is a place where various activities of festivals have been passed down from generation to generation, such as New Year's Day, Lantern Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chihuahua Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. These festivals are either commemorative, sacrificial, aspirational or blessing, and are a major feature of Chaoshan's folklore language. Chaoyang is located at the seashore, and people here respect nature very much, so the yearly festivals in Chaoyang, commemorating ancestors, and touring the gods and goddesses, are all warm and grand, which is a kind of cohesion of the people's strength and concentration of local folk culture, and Chaoyang paper-cutting is an art form attached to all kinds of folk activities. Various folk activities, usually with three animals, five animals, five fruits, vegetables and other offerings, kuei, and a variety of offerings because of its use and meaning, a variety of paper-cutting is also different because of the content and the corresponding generation. Such as meat class has chicken flowers, duck flowers, egg flowers, pork flowers, fish flowers, pig liver flowers, pig head flowers, pig leg flowers, and aquatic ink bucket flowers, lobster flowers, honey flowers, etc., aquatic paper-cutting is one of the unique form and content of the Chaoyang paper-cutting; vegetarian banana flowers, apple flowers, pear flowers, pineapple flowers, ginger twilight flowers, bean heart flowers, etc.; a variety of fasting vegetables such as mushrooms, needles, fungus, rotting branches, peanuts, etc., each with the corresponding content of the The various kinds of vegetarian dishes such as mushrooms, needle vegetables, fungus, rotting sticks, peanuts, etc. each have corresponding contents. Various kinds of kuey teow have different forms of kuey teow flowers, and other decorative offerings have a variety of decorative flowers and a variety of theater characters, the Eight Immortals, and the legendary characters of the figures of the paper cutouts. The most widely used are pork flower, chicken flower, followed by fish flower and duck flower. Chao Yang paper-cutting chicken flowers, pork flowers and fish flowers in different uses on the decorative patterns used because of the content of each is not the same. If they are used in general seasons, they are mostly decorated with the characters of "longevity" and "blessing"; if they are used in weddings, they are mostly decorated with the characters of "happiness" or "double happiness", with the characters of "happiness" and "double happiness", with the characters of "happiness" and "double happiness". "and other words, with two flying butterflies, symbolizing double happiness and blessings, joy and auspiciousness, or four lotus flowers, meaning "happy events", decorated with a variety of peripheral back to the pattern, Fang Sheng pattern, auspicious patterns, celebratory patterns and other patterns. Each township, each mile, each family's pattern is different, the Mingu activities in the paper-cutting and the existence of the significance of the competition, the quality of the paper-cutting grade and the degree of exquisite at the same time imply or measure the Chao Yang women's talent in the level of the level and moral taste, which has become the main factor in the mutual enhancement and the transmission of the main factors from one generation to the next. Also because they are different, each into a style, and constitute the overall Chao Yang region of a major style of paper-cutting. Chao Yang paper-cutting theme of a wide range of rich content, summarized, can be broadly divided into four categories: characters, animals, flowers, ornaments. Second, the subject matter and content of Chaoyang paper-cutting Chaoyang is located in the southern corner of a border, beautiful mountains, people simple and kind but not extensive dexterity. Chao Yang paper-cutting originated from the rituals, marriages and other folk activities, so the people in the life of the hope of beautification is also expressed in the form of paper-cutting. They hope for good weather, good food, good clothes, good grandchildren, and good longevity. Thus, happiness, longevity and joy have become the main theme of paper-cutting art that has lasted for a long time. Chao Yang paper-cutting in the performance of the subject matter is relatively broad, the performance of the world is magnificent, up to the sky of the gods and goddesses, dragons, auspicious clouds, birds, etc., down to the ground of the figures, animals, plants, everyday objects, etc., wherever people's good wishes and reflect the pursuit of imagery and objects, most of the paper-cutting artists into the field of vision and become "auspicious" under the scissors of artwork. The artwork under the scissors. Throughout the ages, paper-cutting artists have used similes, harmonies and metaphors to convey the meaning of paper-cutting according to their own spiritual enlightenment, which is subtle and beautiful, and can be regarded as a kind of creation and invention, which not only sends out people's feelings from life, love of life and yearning for a better life, but also makes people who appreciate it get a certain revelation, and makes people's ideals open and unrestrained, enriched and sublimated, and it is a kind of both amorous and rustic, romantic and refined It is a method of creation that is both amorous and simple, romantic and elegant. If the pronunciation is similar. Harmonized "Fu" and "Bat", "Deer" and "Luk" and "Six". ". "Crane" and "Hop", "Ribbon" and "Shou", "Chicken "Fish" and "Yu", "Bee" and "Seal", "Fish" and "Fish". "Seal", "Monkey" and "Husband", "Goat" and "Lucky", "Butterfly" and "Lucky", and "Butterfly" and "Lucky". "Butterfly" and "Fortune". These use of harmonies, allegorical symbolism so that the combination of animals and fruits and flowers into a pattern has an auspicious meaning. In the praise of life and reproduction, paper-cutting patterns often use pomegranate, lotus, citron and other graphics, each pattern of paper-cutting works contain a profound connotation, each character works in the exaggerated deformation, generalization and refinement inside, contains a beautiful folk tale, can be described as "there must be a picture of the intention, the intention must be auspicious". Third, the style and characteristics of Chaoyang paper-cutting Chaoyang paper-cutting pattern, after thousands of years of history and cultural precipitation, the formation of a unique local style. Due to historical reasons, the culture of the Central Plains has been transmitted to Chaoshan for thousands of years, Chaoyang paper-cutting patterns in addition to retaining the cultural significance of the Central Plains of the decorative patterns, but also into the local decorative patterns, a kind of Chaoyang native local characteristics of decorative patterns, generations of folk paper-cutting artists to extend their own understanding of life or feelings extended to the creation of the design, the formation of a specific Chaoyang paper-cutting art style. The composition of Chaoyang paper-cutting is based on scattered perspective, using the technique of "flowers within flowers" within a specific pattern outline, centering on the theme, using harmonic and symbolic characters as the combining elements, surrounded by auspicious flowers and grass patterns, which harmoniously form a complete pattern, with a good sense of reality, sparse and dense, and dexterity in the strictness and neatness, and a delicate and soft but orderly listing. Whether they are square, long or irregular, their compositions are full and rich, and the rigorous and comfortable images make people feel rich and varied. Chao Yang paper-cutting is through the knife interesting paper-cutting form of stylized features and decorative effects, in the use of "Yin cut" and "Yang cut" combination of forms, showing the different shapes in the form of reality and transition, "Yin cut" is strong, line and thread. The "yin shear" is strong and rigid, and the line is broken, and this surface is the main one; the "yang shear" is slender and delicate, and the line is connected, and the line is the main one. "Jagged" and "crescent-shaped" in the use of paper-cutting is to show the elegance. Chao Yang paper-cutting is usually based on Yang cuts, Yang cuts are mainly line, line line interlocking, as thin as a hair, in the point, line, arc, round organic combination, so that the pattern is fresh and elegant, translucent, delicate and elegant, delicate and innocent, with a small amount of Yin cuts will make the picture thick and thin, soft and rigid, to enhance the expressive power. Chao Yang paper-cutting is fine, and paper-cutting special tools and fine cutting technology is inseparable, an ordinary paper, through the author of the dexterity of the scissors work meticulously "eat", into an exquisite art of paper-cutting works, it is "leaves with the golden knife, flowers with the jade finger new! It is exactly "Leaves come out with the golden knife, flowers are new with the jade fingers". Chaoyang paper-cutting in the theater characters, concise and exaggerated modeling, vivid and interesting, clear contours, less ornamentation, thin and smooth lines, but with the flavor of childish, more breathtaking is smaller than a fingernail on the area, all the five senses, vivid expression, almost called "micro-scissors" in the realm. Chao Yang paper-cutting in the category of paper-cutting, whether from the composition modeling or cutting skills, are praised as a high level.　　Hebei Fucheng Paper-cutting Hebei Fucheng paper-cutting originated from Chenji Village in Cuimiao Town, and has now radiated to several neighboring towns such as Dock Town and Ancient City, with a history of more than 60 years. In recent years, with the innovation of technology, Fucheng paper-cutting technology in addition to the traditional hand-made paper-cutting processing production, but also formed a professional machine scale production, greatly reducing the manual cost of paper-cutting, paper-cutting to improve the efficiency of production; on behalf of the people's popularity of the New Year's customary cutting of joyful paper-cutting, paper-cutting of the Chinese character for blessing, and other products have been popular in the south and east of the Yangtze River; Fucheng paper-cutting lines, smooth, distinctive image, a unique artistic style, maintaining the Chinese painting, writing, and the Chinese painting, and the Chinese painting, and the Chinese painting. Maintained the Chinese painting of writing, brushwork and many other forms of paper-cutting materials are mainly silk, cloth, silk paper, rice paper and so on. Can be cut by hand, can also be machine scale production, but also framing design, to meet the market demand from low to high different levels, at present, paper-cutting has become a unique industry in Fucheng, nearly 10,000 employees, annual net income of more than 80 million yuan, the products are exported to the United States, Singapore, South Korea and other 28 countries and regions.