The national language of Minnan people

Minnan dialect is the mother tongue of Minnan people, mainly distributed in southern Fujian. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, with several large-scale foreign migrations of Fujian ancestors, they gradually distributed in Taiwan Province Province, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hainan and Southeast Asia. Minnan dialect originated in the Yellow River and Luoshui River basin, and was originally named "Heluo dialect". Minnan was the official language of China in Tang Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the civil strife and war in the Central Plains, Central Plains people migrated to southern Fujian on a large scale in the middle of the Tang Dynasty and later, and also brought Heluo dialect to Fujian. Therefore, Heluo dialect is commonly known as Minnan dialect, and Minnan dialect other than Minnan dialect is the result of the outward migration of Minnan people later.

In modern times, Minnan dialect has already been used across provinces and borders, far exceeding the southern corner of Fujian. In China, the major traffic areas include Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen, xinluo district, zhangping city, Youxi and Taiwan Province Island in Otawa. There are also Minnan islands of different sizes in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Jiangsu. Including Minnan people. During the Northern Song Dynasty, a city shipping company in charge of foreign trade was established in Quanzhou and other ports, which made Quanzhou a famous international commercial port at that time and made overseas maritime transportation very convenient. Since then, many people in southern Fujian and other areas have emigrated overseas (including Taiwan Province Province) because of political, economic or other factors, so they have brought their own mother tongue-Minnan dialect. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a drought in southern Fujian. Zheng Zhilong once recruited thousands of people to settle in Taiwan Province province, and most of them settled in Taiwan Province province. Since16th century, western European countries have started various overseas colonization plans. Starting from 1624, the Netherlands and Spain successively occupied the southern and northern Taiwan Province provinces. In particular, the Dutch ruled Taiwan Province Province for nearly 40 years, implemented the kingdom system, and recruited Fujian coastal people after recovering Taiwan Province Province. Most of the Han people who came to Taiwan were born in Quanzhou and Putian in Zhangzhou. Under the long-term rule of Pingpu and Dutch, the Minnan language brought by immigrants has also infiltrated some new language factors. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong led an army to capture Taiwan Province Province and drive away the Dutch. The Zheng family was born in Nan 'an, Fujian. Chen Yonghua, the founder of Zheng Dynasty's cultural education system, was also from Quanzhou, and most of the soldiers and civilians he brought were from Quanzhou. Therefore, at this time, the Minnan dialect in Taiwan Province Province is dominated by Quanzhou accent.

1683, Shi Lang conquered Taiwan Province, the Zheng Dynasty perished, and the Qing court officially ruled Taiwan Province Province. The following year, in order to prevent the adherents of Zheng, the Qing court issued a ban on crossing Taiwan, and set strict conditions to restrict people from crossing Taiwan from three ports, namely, Quanzhou Putian people crossed Taiwan from Quanzhou port, Zhangzhou Xiamen people crossed Taiwan from Xiamen, Fuzhou people crossed Taiwan from Mawei, and a large number of people directly went to Taiwan Province Province from Fujian coast. The number of applicants only accounts for a small proportion of the total number of Fujian people who have visited Taiwan, as do Zhangzhou, Putian, Quanzhou and Xiamen. A large number of people cross Taiwan Province by themselves, not through Guandu. Among them, Cantonese were forbidden to cross Taiwan, which led to the Hakka people coming to Taiwan Province Province. The development of Taiwan Province Province is almost dominated by Minnan people, and the language of Taiwan Province Province is mainly Minnan. During the reign of Gan Yong, the ban was gradually relaxed. 1862, due to the peony club incident, Shen Baozhen, an imperial envoy, came to Taiwan to deal with defense, and lifted the ban on crossing Taiwan for nearly 200 years in the name of "opening a mountain to help fans". During the more than 200 years when the Qing court ruled Taiwan Province Province, the number of Fujian people coming to Taiwan increased sharply, and the language of immigrants spread to all parts of Taiwan Province Province with their footprints. Later, due to the convenience of transportation and the gradual increase of population, the accents of Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Xiamen, which came to Taiwan Province successively, gradually merged into a different accent, which was called "Zhang Quan abuse" by the people (meaning mixed Zhang Quan), and Putian dialect and Taiwanese dialect could not communicate with each other. The Minnan dialect in Taiwan Province Province is characterized by the integration of different local accents. In a word, Taiwan Province Province is in Quanzhou dialect in the north and Zhangzhou dialect in the south.

After the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing court was defeated and ceded Taiwan Province Province to Japan. During Japan's rule of Taiwan Province Province, the policy of "Mandarin" (Japanese) was implemented in education, and Japanese was dominant in politics, which inevitably influenced Taiwanese used by the people. Until today, because the Japanese language was introduced into Japan from China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China to the early Qing Dynasty, 1945, after the end of World War II, Japan was defeated and the China National Government regained Taiwan Province Province; After the war, the Kuomintang launched a civil war. Thanks to the efforts of producers and just people, the Kuomintang government was defeated and brought hundreds of thousands of troops and people from the mainland to Taiwan Province Province. This is the largest migration activity in the history of Taiwan Province Province. Coupled with the "Mandarin" movement (this time in Beijing), under its influence, Heluo once again joined the new collection. Because ancient Vietnam, Fujian, Guangdong and other places were the territory of the Yue nationality, the ancient Chinese used by the Han nationality in ancient north was influenced by many Vietnamese languages. Ancient Vietnam was the territory of China from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty in China, and even after it broke away from China, it still maintained close ties with southern China. Vietnam was a vassal state of China from the Five Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, and ancient Vietnamese, which was a fusion of ancient Chinese and ancient Vietnamese, was used for more than 1000 years. Modern research also shows that Dai language is closely related to the original Sino-Tibetan language family and ancient Chinese. The Dong-Tai language family and Minnan language share some ancient Vietnamese. The Dong-Tai language family includes Dong, Zhuang and Dai languages in China, Thai language in Southeast Asia and Changbang language in Myanmar, so Southeast Asians have the advantage of learning Minnan. Moreover, due to the migration tradition of Minnan people, Minnan people have very close exchanges with overseas, especially with Southeast Asia. Correspondingly, there are quite a few Southeast Asian loanwords in Minnan. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Quanzhou has become the largest port in the East, and the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road in the Yuan Dynasty is Quanzhou. Since then, Minnan has had more frequent exchanges with the Middle East, West Asia and Southeast Asia. A large number of Arab businessmen settled in Quanzhou, and overseas Chinese who went abroad brought foreign languages to southern Fujian for a long time. Some loanwords have entered the Minnan language and become a part of it. Such as sat-b&; Ucircn (soap, Wen Xue, called "tea hoop" in Minnan), pa-sat, chi- ku-la? T (chocolate), Zhu Lu? T (cigar), phia? Tá (vegetables), t ng-kat (crutches), si? P-pán-á (iron hand), ba? k-th & amp； Acircu (trademark), u-sà i (outside), te? Standard & Poor's Corporation of Korea. Icirc(Taxi, now pronounced as "taxi" in Minnan dialect of Taiwan Province Province), pa-s(bus, public buses in Taiwan Province Province tend to read "bus"), má-tih (death) and G ū? -kha-kī (arcade and corridor), ka-po? k/ka-pò？ -Mergers and acquisitions; Icirc (kapok), ko-pi (coffee)

Minnan dialect, also called Heluo dialect,

The birthplace of Minnan dialect is in the Yellow River and Luoshui Valley, commonly known as "Heluo dialect". This is because in the Jin Dynasty, people from the Central Plains fled to the south, settled by the unnamed river, and named this river "Jinjiang" to show that they were from the Jin Dynasty. This also brought Heluo dialect to Fujian and evolved into three dialect families: northern Fujian, central Fujian and southern Fujian. The large-scale migration of Han people to southern Fujian brought the Central Plains accent from the 8th century to10th century in the Tang and Five Dynasties. From the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Minnan people immigrated to Taiwan Province Province and brought Minnan dialect to Taiwan Province Province. Unexpectedly, the place where Heluo dialect was originally spoken no longer speaks Heluo dialect.

Minnan dialect is one of the eight major dialects in China. It is divided into several branch dialects:

Xiamen dialect area: Xiamen, Jinmen and Tongan.

Quanzhou dialect area: Quanzhou, Shishi, Jinjiang, Hui 'an, Nan 'an, Yongchun, Dehua and Anxi.

Zhangzhou Dialect Area: Zhangzhou, Longhai, Zhangpu, Xiao Yun, Dongshan, Zhaoan, Huaan, Changtai, Pinghe and Nanjing.

Longyan dialect area: xinluo district part and zhangping city part of Longyan city.

Datian dialect area: a part of Datian County and a small part of Youxi County.

Hailufeng District: Hailufeng, Guangdong (Shanwei City, Lufeng City, Haifeng County)

Chaozhou dialect area: Chaoshan, Guangdong (Jieyang City, Chaozhou City, Shantou City, Tangnan Town, Tangkeng Town, huangliu town, Fengshun County)

Leizhou Dialect Area: Guangdong Leizhou Peninsula (Leizhou City, Suixi County, xuwen county, etc. )

Hainan dialect area: the northeast coast, southeast coast and southwest coast of Hainan Island. The spread of Minnan dialect is not only in southern Fujian, but has already surpassed provincial and national boundaries. The most popular Minnan dialect in other provinces is Taiwan Province Province, while in the island of Taiwan Province Province, except the Gaoshan area, almost all Minnan dialects similar to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou dialects are spoken. According to preliminary investigation, Taichung and Taipei are slightly biased towards Quanzhou, while Tainan and Kaohsiung are slightly biased towards Zhangzhou. The large-scale migration of Minnan people to Taiwan Province Province was in the middle of17th century. A large number of Minnan people crossed the sea with Zheng Chenggong and recovered Taiwan Province Province from the Dutch invaders. For more than 300 years, Minnan people, Han people in other areas and their Gaoshan compatriots have jointly developed this treasure island of the motherland. In the life and struggle of the same nation, Minnan dialect has been kept in the mouth of the people of Taiwan Province Province as the main communication tool. Especially today, the economic and cultural exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province are closer, and the buddies in Taiwan Province Province are constantly going to the mainland to seek roots and visit relatives and friends, so Minnan dialect is even more important.

In addition to Taiwan Province Province, many overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries also use Minnan. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 40 million people who speak this dialect at home and abroad, and many people who are assimilated by Minnan people also use Minnan dialect. In Southeast Asia, there are more than 654.38+million descendants of Minnan people marrying Malays, and many Malays also use Minnan language.