High School Politics Compulsory 3 Review Materials

Lesson 1: Culture and Society

1. What is Culture

(1) Culture is a spiritual phenomenon

"Culture" is the whole spiritual activity of human beings and its products relative to economy and politics. It includes both parts of an ideological nature, such as worldview, outlook on life and values, and non-ideological parts, such as natural science and technology, language and writing.

(2) Culture is a social phenomenon

Culture is a phenomenon unique to human society. Culture is created by human beings and is unique to human beings. What is purely "natural" cannot be called culture. Culture is the product of people's social practices. (Social practice is the source of culture)

(3) The formation of a person's cultural literacy

The cultural literacy of a person is not innate, but is gradually cultivated through the experience of social life, especially through participation in cultural activities and the acceptance of intellectual and cultural education.

(4) People's spiritual activities cannot be separated from material activities, and spiritual products cannot be separated from material carriers.

2, the power of culture

Culture as a spiritual force, can be in the process of people's understanding of the world, the transformation of the world into a material force, the development of society has a profound impact. This influence (note: there are good and bad influences) is not only manifested in the course of personal growth, but also in the history of the nation and the country.

Advanced and healthy culture has a great promoting effect on the development of society; reactionary and corrupt culture plays a major role in hindering the development of society.

3. The relationship between economy, politics and culture

(1) Economy is the foundation, politics is the centralized expression of economy, and culture is the reflection of economy and politics. A certain culture is determined by a certain economy and politics.

(2) Culture reacts on politics and economy and gives significant influence to politics and economy:

The cultures of different nationalities influence the distinctive development paths of different nations and countries.

Cultures of different natures play different roles in social development. (An advanced and healthy culture promotes the development of society, while a backward and corrupt culture hinders it.)

4. Culture and economy are intertwined

In economic development, the role of science and technology is becoming more and more important. In order to promote economic construction, it is increasingly important to develop education, train all kinds of high-quality talents and improve the quality of labor. The role of cultural productivity in the overall pattern of the modern economy is becoming more and more prominent.

5. Culture and politics are intertwined

With the development of democracy and the construction of the rule of law, people need higher cultural literacy in order to participate in political life.

Culture and international politics are intertwined and have become an important element in contemporary international political struggle. The worldwide struggle against cultural hegemony has become an important element of contemporary international political struggle.

6. The position and role of culture in the competition for comprehensive national power are becoming more and more prominent

In today's world, the competition for comprehensive national power among countries is becoming more and more intense. The status and role of culture in the competition for comprehensive national power is becoming more and more prominent. The power of culture is y embedded in the vitality, creativity and cohesion of the nation and has become an important symbol of comprehensive national power.

7. How can China cope with the serious challenges to its cultural development? (Analysis from the cultural point of view)

China is the world's largest developing country, in order to be invincible in the fierce international competition, we must take the cultural construction as an important strategic task in the construction of socialist modernization, firmly grasp the direction of advanced culture, vigorously carry forward the national spirit, and give priority to the development of education, science and technology, so as to provide the correct direction of the construction of the economy to ensure that the spirit of inexhaustible power and strong intellectual support. and strong intellectual support.

The second lesson is the influence of culture on human beings

1. The source of the influence of culture on human beings

The influence of culture on human beings comes from a specific cultural environment and from various forms of cultural activities.

2. What are the effects of culture on people?

Culture affects people's behavior and ways of interaction. Culture affects people's practical activities, cognitive activities and ways of thinking.

3. Characteristics of the influence of culture on people

(1) Subtle influence:

Participating in healthy and upward cultural activities can make people get spiritual pleasure, cultivate the sentiment, and improve the aesthetic level and moral quality of people. These cultural influences occur both through subtle ways, and is the result of people consciously learning, active sense of cultural inculcation. Therefore, we should actively participate in healthy cultural activities.

(2) Far-reaching and long-lasting influence:

The influence of culture on people's way of interaction, way of thinking and way of life is far-reaching and long-lasting.

The worldview, outlook on life, and values have a profound and lasting impact on a person's comprehensive quality and lifelong development.

4, the worldview, outlook on life, values on the comprehensive quality of people and lifelong development have far-reaching and lasting impact

Worldview, outlook on life, values is the core of the people's cultural literacy and mark.

A person's worldview, outlook on life, values are formed in the process of long-term life and learning, is the result of the interaction of various cultural factors.

Worldview, outlook on life and values, once formed, have a definite direction, and have a far-reaching and lasting impact on a person's comprehensive quality and lifelong development.

5, excellent culture shaping life

(1) excellent culture can enrich the spiritual world

people create culture, culture is also shaping people. Excellent culture can enrich people's spiritual world. Actively participating in healthy and beneficial cultural activities and constantly enriching one's spiritual world is an important way to cultivate a sound personality.

(2) Excellent culture can enhance people's spiritual strength

Excellent cultural works, always with its unique infectious and inspirational, so that people are y shocked, the power to multiply, and become the torch that illuminates people's minds, leading people forward banner. And the resulting spiritual power often lasts forever, inspiring people to create a better and happier life.

(3) Excellent culture can promote the comprehensive development of human beings

The comprehensive development of human beings is manifested in the comprehensive improvement of their ideological and moral qualities, scientific and cultural qualities and health qualities. Excellent culture provides indispensable spiritual food for people's healthy growth and plays an irreplaceable role in promoting people's comprehensive development. With the gradual fulfillment of the needs of material life, the excellent culture to promote the overall development of human beings is increasingly prominent.

6. The relationship between social development and human development

The process of social development and human development is mutually integrated and mutually reinforcing.

The more fully developed a person is, the more material and cultural wealth will be created in society and the more the people's lives can be improved, while the more adequate the material and cultural conditions are, the more the comprehensive development of the person can be promoted. The level of development of social productive forces and economic and cultural development is a gradual and never-ending historical process, and the comprehensive development of human beings is also a gradual and never-ending process.

Lesson 3: Cultural Diversity and Cultural Transmission

1. What is cultural diversity?

What we mean by cultural diversity, as opposed to the totality of world culture, is primarily the diversity of national cultures.

2. The world's cultures are colorful (diverse):

(1) National Festivals:

Containing cultural factors such as local customs, religious beliefs, and morals and ethics in the life of the nation, they are the long-term accumulation of the history and culture of a nation.

Celebrating national festivals is a concentrated display of national culture and a concentrated expression of national emotions

(2) Cultural heritage:

Status and significance: cultural heritage, an important symbol of the historical and cultural achievements of a country and nation. Cultural heritage is not only important for the study of the evolution of human civilization, but also plays a unique role in demonstrating the diversity of world cultures, and they are the cultural wealth of mankind **** the same.

To protect cultural heritage.

3, culture is national, but also the world

World culture is composed of different ethnic groups, different countries of cultural **** the same composition, culture is the unity of the world and national.

The differences in economic and political, historical and geographic factors among peoples determine the differences between the cultures of peoples, (i.e., the ethnicity of culture). Therefore, culture is ethnic, (i.e. each ethnic group has its own cultural personality and characteristics).

World culture is composed of the cultures of all peoples and nations **** the same. And because the social practice of the peoples of the world has its ****, there is a universal law, the different national cultures produced and developed in practice also have **** and universal law, that is, the world of culture. Therefore, culture is again the world.

4. Correct attitude towards cultural diversity:

It is necessary to identify with one's own culture as well as to respect the cultures of other peoples. Different nationalities should respect each other and, while developing their own cultures,**** work together to preserve and promote cultural diversity.

5. The significance of respecting cultural diversity

(1) Respect for cultural diversity is an inherent requirement for the development of one's own culture.

There is only a difference in the size of the population and the degree of development of each ethnic group, and there is no difference between the high and the low. The culture of each nation has its own essence, and the essence of each nation's culture is the product of the nation's historical development and the crystallization of the people's wisdom.

National culture plays an important role in maintaining social life and social stability, and is the spiritual foundation for the survival and development of the nation.

(2) Respect for cultural diversity is an inevitable requirement for the realization of world cultural prosperity.

The cultural achievements of a nation belong not only to the nation but also to the whole world. In short, respecting and preserving different national cultures is the basis for the survival and development of mankind.

6. Adhere to the principle that all cultures are equal.

The insistence on the national character of culture and the diversity of world culture is the eternal theme of the development of human civilization.

Recognizing the diversity of world cultures and respecting the cultures of different peoples, it is necessary to follow the principle of equality of cultures.

This requires that in cultural exchanges, we should respect differences, understand individuality, and peacefully *** live *** together to promote the prosperity of world culture. Oppose the wrong tendency of blind arrogance, belittling and rejecting foreign cultures, or presumptuousness and blind worship of foreign cultures.

7. How should we treat cultural diversity? Respect for cultural diversity. (4,5,6 combination)

8, the meaning of cultural communication:

The process of cultural exchange is the process of cultural communication. People transfer knowledge, information, ideas, emotions and beliefs through certain ways, and all social interaction activities related to this can be regarded as cultural transmission.

9. Ways of Cultural Transmission

(1) Commercial Activities. When merchants engage in trade activities, they not only exchange the rich culture contained in the commodities through the exchange of commodities, but also exchange culture through the process of interaction between people.

(2) Population Migration. Every large-scale population migration implies large-scale cultural dissemination, which has a great impact on the local economy, politics and culture at that time.

(3)Education

Education is another important way of cultural transmission. People are able to acquire different cultural knowledge through studying various cultural courses. Cultural transmission is an important function of education.

10. Mass media: the means of modern cultural dissemination

The media in modern society take many forms such as the press, radio, television and the Internet, which are called mass media.

Relying on modern information technology, the mass media are able to maximize the limitations of time and space, gather information from all over the world, and increasingly show the powerful function of cultural transmission, communication, and **** enjoyment, and have become the main means of cultural dissemination.

11, to be friendly ambassadors of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries:

We should not only warmly welcome the dissemination of the world's excellent culture in China, but also take the initiative to promote Chinese culture to the world. To be friendly ambassadors of Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges is a mission entrusted to us by the times.

Lesson 4: Inheritance of Culture and Cultural Development

1. Inheritance of Culture

(1) Inheritance of Traditional Customs:

Traditional customs, which have a lasting influence on people's material and spiritual life, are one of the basic forms of traditional culture.

(2) Inheritance of traditional architecture:

Architecture is a three-dimensional culture, solidified art, and the architecture of a nation invariably reflects the characteristics and colors of its national culture.

(3) Inheritance of traditional literature and art:

Literature and art, known as the torch of national spirit.

(4) Inheritance of Traditional Thought

Traditional Chinese thought , which has a profound influence on the values and lifestyles of today's Chinese and on China's path of development.

2. Characteristics of traditional culture:

(1) Traditional culture has relative stability.

Traditional culture retains its basic characteristics as it is passed down from generation to generation, while its specific content is able to change from time to time.

(2) Traditional culture has a distinct national character.

The traditional culture of a nation plays an important role in forming the character, psychology, morality and other features of the nation, and is the spiritual bond that sustains the survival and development of the nation.

3. The dual role of traditional culture

In the process of social development, with the development of productive forces, economic and political changes, the corresponding content of traditional culture, if it can be adapted to the changes in social life, and continue to meet the growing spiritual needs of the people, will play a positive role in the development of the society and people. On the other hand, if it remains unchanged, traditional culture will also play a negative role in hindering social progress and jeopardizing human development.

So the content of traditional culture should keep pace with the times.

4. The significance of correctly treating traditional culture

(1) From the point of view of the nation, the state and the society, only by correctly treating traditional culture, giving full play to the positive role of traditional culture and overcoming the negative role of traditional culture can a nation or a country flourish and the society develop and progress.

(2) From an individual's point of view, only by treating the influence of traditional culture correctly can each person develop himself freely and fully and create a new life better.

5. The correct attitude to inherit traditional culture is to "take the essence and remove the dross", to inherit critically, and to use the past for the present.

6. The relationship between cultural inheritance and cultural development (two aspects of the same process)

(1) Inheritance is the prerequisite for development, and development is the inevitable requirement of inheritance.

(2) Development is based on inheritance, and inheritance is in the process of development.

7. Important factors affecting cultural development

(1). The change of social system will have an important influence on cultural development.

(2). The progress of science and technology will have an important influence on cultural development.

The progress of science and technology is an important factor in the promotion of economic development as well as cultural development. Since ancient times, every major discovery and invention in science and technology has promoted the economic and cultural development of human society. (For example, contemporary information technology)

(3). Ideological movements have an important influence on the development of culture

Ideological movements often become the forerunner of social change, and different ideas stir each other in ideological movements, which not only catalyze social change but also promote the development of culture.

(4) The Important Role of Education in the Transmission of Culture

Education is a unique and dynamic activity of human beings in transmitting culture, and it has the specific functions of selecting, transmitting, and creating culture, and it has always played an important role in the indoctrination and cultivation of human beings.

With the continuous change of education methods, education will have more and more influence in the transmission of human culture.

Lesson 5: Cultural Innovation

1. The essence of cultural development lies in cultural innovation.

2. The decisive role of social practice on cultural innovation:

(1) Social practice is the source of cultural innovation. (2) Social practice is the driving force and foundation of cultural innovation.

3. The role and significance of cultural innovation:

(1) Cultural innovation can promote the development of social practice.

Culture originates from social practice, and guides and restricts the development of social practice. To promote the development of social practice and the comprehensive development of human beings is the fundamental purpose of cultural innovation and the test of cultural innovation.

(2) Cultural innovation can promote the prosperity of national culture.

Only through continuous innovation in practice can traditional culture be revitalized and renewed over time, and national culture be vibrant and increasingly rich.

Cultural innovation is an important guarantee of a nation's eternal vitality and cohesion.

4, the way of cultural innovation

(1) the fundamental way (practice): social practice is the source, driving force and foundation of cultural innovation. Based on social practice is the basic requirement of cultural innovation and the fundamental way of cultural innovation.

(2) one of the basic ways (ancient and modern): cultural innovation must critically inherit traditional culture, to "take the essence, remove the dross", "push out the old and bring in the new". Efforts should be made to infuse traditional culture with the spirit of the times.

(3) The second basic way (Chinese and foreign): to strengthen the exchange, borrowing and integration of different national cultures, so as to learn from all. Learning and borrowing the excellent cultural achievements of other national cultures should be our main focus and utilized for our own purposes.

(4) Adhering to the correct direction, opposing the wrong tendency: cultural innovation should grasp the relationship between contemporary culture (today) and traditional culture (ancient), national culture (Chinese) and foreign culture (foreign). Against "old-fashioned" and "closed", against "national nihilism" and "historical nihilism The first is to oppose "national nihilism" and "historical nihilism".

Lesson 6: Our Chinese Culture

1. The basic characteristics of Chinese culture: long history; profound and profound.

2. Witnesses to the long history of Chinese culture? Chinese Characters and Historical Books

(1), Chinese Characters

Writing is the basic carrier of culture. The invention of writing has enabled human civilization to be passed on, marking the entry of mankind into the age of civilization.

Chinese characters have played a great role in writing Chinese culture and passing on Chinese civilization. Today, they are commonly used by people of all ethnic groups in China and are an important symbol of Chinese civilization.

2)Historical books.

It is an important witness to the transmission of Chinese culture from one generation to the next. China's historical books and records are characterized by their scale and abundance, which are rare in the world.

3, the reasons for the long history of Chinese culture, but also thanks to its unique inclusiveness

(1) the reasons for the long history of Chinese culture: the transmission of Chinese characters, the historical books survived the transmission, the inclusiveness of Chinese culture.

(2) Inclusiveness:

1) Meaning: Seeking common ground while reserving differences and accepting all things. The so-called "seeking common ground" is to be able to live in harmony with the cultures of other peoples; the so-called "eclectic" is to be able to absorb and learn from the positive elements of other peoples' cultures in cultural exchanges.

②Significance: This cultural inclusiveness is conducive to the exchange of ethnic cultures in a harmonious relationship, and enhance the identification of their own culture and understanding of foreign cultures.

4, how to create a new glory of Chinese culture?

(1) In modern China, recreating the splendor of Chinese culture is closely related to the struggle of the Chinese nation for salvation and survival.

(2) Practice has proved that a new glory of Chinese culture can only be created by realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation under the leadership of the Chinese ****anufacturing party and the guidance of Marxism.

(3) Today, in the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, the cultural annals of the Chinese nation have opened a brand new page. Chinese culture is continuing an even more magnificent chapter.

5. Chinese culture is vast and profound: (6, 7, 8 combination)

6. The uniqueness of Chinese culture:

(1). Literary arts in Chinese culture are unique in the world's literary and artistic treasures. (Literary arts have a unique role to play in reflecting people's spiritual life and displaying their spiritual world.)

(2). China's scientific and technological achievements reflect the vastness and depth of Chinese culture. (Science and technology is one of the important symbols of a nation's civilization.)

(1) Status: in ancient times, China's scientific and technological achievements were at the forefront of the world for a long time and made great contributions to the development of the whole human civilization.

② Characteristics: In general, China's ancient science and technology focus on practical application, with the line of practical and holistic features. ③ significance: the Chinese people in the process of understanding, transformation of nature to create all the scientific and technological achievements, are the Chinese people hard work,

wisdom and hard work of the crystallization of the spirit of the Chinese people's vitality, creativity, a vivid embodiment of the Chinese nation.

7, the regional nature of Chinese culture:

1) causes:

China's vast expanse, the natural conditions of each place are very different, the degree of economic and social development is different, by the history, geography and other factors, the culture of each region with obvious regional characteristics.

(2) The relationship between different regional cultures:

The cultures of different regions have long been exchanging with each other, learning from each other, and absorbing each other, and they are both gradually integrating and maintaining their own characteristics.

8, the ethnicity of Chinese culture:

(1) China's distinctive ethnic cultures are colorful. All have made important contributions to the formation and development of Chinese culture.

For example: China's sculpture and architectural art is the people of all ethnic groups *** with the creation of the treasure of Chinese culture; many ethnic minorities with their own language and script to create an excellent national literature.

(3) The significance of multi-ethnic culture to Chinese culture (omitted).

9. The significance of multi-ethnic cultures to Chinese culture

(1) The relationship between ethnic cultures and Chinese culture: the Chinese nation is a multi-ethnic ****similarity, and Chinese culture presents the rich colors of many ethnic cultures. The cultures of the various ethnic groups in China have both the ****ness of Chinese culture and their own ethnic characteristics.

(2) Status: they are all sufficient Chinese cultural treasures, are the pride of the Chinese nation.

(3) the relationship between the cultures of the various ethnic groups: the brotherhood of ethnic cultures intermingle and promote each other, *** with the creation of Chinese culture.

(4) Significance: it embodies the vastness and depth of Chinese culture; the sense of identity and belonging of people of all ethnic groups to the Chinese culture owned by *** together, showing the Chinese nation's thick cultural heritage and strong national cohesion.

The seventh lesson of our national spirit

1, what of the Chinese national spirit?

With patriotism as the core, unity and unity, peace-loving, industrious and courageous, self-improvement of the great national spirit.

2, the basic connotation of the spirit of the Chinese nation:

(1). Solidarity and unity

The spirit of unity and solidarity of the Chinese nation has been a powerful force in the development of the motherland in all periods of history. It has made it impossible for any attempt to conquer or divide the Chinese nation to succeed.

(2). Peace-loving

has made important contributions to the maintenance of world peace and the promotion of ****same development.

(3). Diligence and courage

Diligence and courage is the fine character of the Chinese nation, it is this spirit of diligence and courage, laid the foundation of the Chinese nation's impregnable foundation; Chinese ****products in their own long-term struggle, will be the spirit of diligence and courage to carry forward, so that hard work has become the fine tradition and style of the Chinese ****products.

(4). Self-improvement

The spirit of self-improvement has gradually accumulated as the inner temperament of the Chinese nation, and has become an eternal spiritual force that spurs the children of China to keep forging ahead.

3, patriotism

(1), status: patriotism is the core of the spirit of the Chinese nation.

Role: Patriotism is a flag that mobilizes and inspires the Chinese people to unite and struggle, and it is the spiritual pillar for people of all races to be in the same boat through thick and thin and strive for continuous self-improvement.

(2). Patriotism is specific

In different historical periods, patriotism has *** the same requirements and different specific connotations.

In contemporary China, building socialism with national characteristics and embracing the unification of the motherland are the themes of patriotism in the new period.

4, the importance of the spirit of the Chinese nation:

The spirit of the Chinese nation has always been the spiritual ties that bind the people of all ethnic groups in China *** with the same life, is to support the survival of the Chinese nation, the development of the spiritual pillars, and is to promote the Chinese nation to prosperity, strong spiritual power. It is the soul of the Chinese nation.

5, carry forward the necessity of the spirit of the Chinese nation:

(1), carry forward and cultivate the spirit of the Chinese nation, is to improve the comprehensive quality of the whole nation's inevitable requirements.

Promoting the spirit of the people can provide spiritual impetus and intellectual support for economic construction, and to ensure the socialist direction of economic construction.

(2), carry forward and cultivate the spirit of the Chinese nation, is to continuously enhance China's international competitiveness requirements.

The spirit of the nation, as the essence of Chinese culture, has the important function of cohesion and mobilization of national strength and display of national image, and has become one of the crucial factors indicating the strength of the comprehensive national power.

(3) Carrying forward and cultivating the spirit of the Chinese nation is a necessity for adhering to the road of socialism

The hostile forces in the West are unwilling to see socialist China develop and grow, and have stepped up their political strategy of westernizing and dividing our country by various means and ways. In the face of such challenges, it is all the more important and urgent to resist all pressures of hegemonism, resist the influence of foreign corrupt ideas and culture, and promote and cultivate the national spirit.

(4), revelations and requirements: we should fully realize the significance of promoting and cultivating the national spirit, everyone should become the purveyor of the national spirit, to promote and build, *** with the continuation of a new chapter of the national spirit.

The eighth lesson into the cultural life

1, what is popular culture?

Socialist culture that is oriented to the people, reflects their interests and voices, and is pleasing to the people is the popular culture we advocate.

2. How to develop popular culture?

The development of a popular culture that is pleasing to the people must:

(1) Follow the principle of promoting the main theme and advocating diversity.

(2) Adhere to the direction of serving the people and socialism and the policy of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend.

(3) Strive to be close to the actual, close to life, close to the masses, innovative content, innovative forms, innovative means.

(4) Vigorously advocate all thoughts and spirits conducive to the development of patriotism, collectivism and socialism, all thoughts and spirits conducive to reform, opening up and modernization, all thoughts and spirits conducive to national unity, social progress and the happiness of the people, and all thoughts and spirits of striving for a better life by means of diminished labor, so as to make the spiritual and cultural products conform to the interests of the people and to promote the rites and ceremonies of Progress.