Classics often talk about knowledge points.

The arrangement of knowledge points in classic conversation;

Zhu Ziqing's Classic Speech

First, an overview of famous works

About the author: Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Huazi, was named Shiqiu, and later renamed Ziqing, with strings. China modern essayist, poet, scholar and democracy fighter.

Abstract: Classic Talk is a book written by Zhu Ziqing for middle school students from the late 1930s to the early 1940s, introducing China's traditional cultural classics. The book *** 13 introduces classic works such as Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Zhouyi and Historical Records, summarizes the contention of a hundred schools of thought, ci fu and poems of past dynasties, and shows the basic features of China's ancient ideology and culture.

Writing purpose: Zhu Ziqing said in the preface of Classic Talk that he wrote this book to give a guide to middle school students who want to read some classics, so that they will not be at a loss in front of the voluminous ancient books.

Artistic features: ① The content is incisive and easy to understand. Books do not boast, do not pretend to be profound, and read neatly. Zhu Ziqing's research on traditional culture not only pays attention to the academic height and depth, but also pays attention to the breadth of public acceptance. He always pays attention to Classic Quotations as a book for middle school students, paying special attention to its popularity and popularity. (2) fluent language, eloquence, often fascinating.

The meaning of reading classics:

① Understanding the ancient social conditions: Ancient books recorded the development track of Chinese civilization. By reading the records of ancient books, we can approach the Millennium civilization and understand the social reality of ancient China.

② Enriching spiritual connotation: By reading ancient books, we can learn the wisdom of the sages and enrich our spiritual world.

③ Learning Chinese-related knowledge: Ancient books contain thousands of years' knowledge, and the beauty of language art is reflected by various writing techniques, such as the process of word-making through Shuo Wen Jie Zi, and the beauty of poetry art through The Book of Songs.

④ Improving personal cultivation: Ancient books recorded many sages' remarks, which were expounded from many aspects, such as study, communication and mind. After reading the records in ancient books, we can use the virtues of our ancestors to guide our self-cultivation.

Zhu ziqing

Second, chapter combing.

Shuo Wen Jie Zi is the first book.

Pre-Qin: At the end of the Warring States period, the legend of "Cang Zao Zi" appeared for the need of unified writing.

After the Qin dynasty: at the beginning of the emperor, Xiao Zhuan became a national book, and soon there were official books; At the end of the Han dynasty, the font changed from oval to square, forming a standard official script; During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it became a "modern grass"; In Wei Dynasty, the official script was changed to "official script". Jin dynasty called it "regular script" and Song dynasty renamed it "true script".

The second book of changes

At the end of the Warring States period, Taoism and Yin and Yang doctrines prevailed, and Confucianism carried forward Confucian philosophy with hexagrams, so Yi Zhuan was circulated. In addition, there are two biographies of classical Chinese and cohesion. In the Han Dynasty, three new versions of Shuo Gua, Xu Gua and Za Gua were discovered, which were later called Yi Gua.

Shangshu, the third

Shangshu includes Yu, Xia, Shang and Thursday dynasties, most of which are orders, that is, words announced to the public, and a few are words told by the monarch and the minister; There are also notes, mostly made by people at the end of the Warring States period.

The fourth book of songs

The main functions of poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period are music and songs. In the era of Confucius, Confucius took the method of taking things out of context and used poetry to discuss the truth of learning and being a man. After Confucius, Poem 300 became one of the "Six Classics" of cowards.

Three rites and five.

There are three kinds of classics learned by scholars in Han Dynasty, and there are countless "records". These three classics are the Book of Rites, the Rites of Ancient Classics and the Rites of Zhou. The Book of Rites is a miscellaneous account of the history and changes of Confucian etiquette, or "Book of Rites". There are many records in the Han Dynasty, and only 38 Great Dai Ji and 49 Records of Dai Xiao have been handed down to this day. The Book of Rites referred to by later generations mostly refers to Xiao Daiji.

The Sixth Biography of Chunqiu

These three biographies are Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liangzhuan, and all of them pay special attention to the admonition and punishment functions of Chunqiu. When the three biographies explain the scriptures, they are often attached regardless of the context; In these three biographies, both Yang Gong and Gu Liang focus on explaining classics, while Zuo Shi focuses on narration, citing group records and detailing historical events.

The seventh of the four books.

The four books are The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius in ordinary order. The Five Classics are Yi, Shu, Shi, Li and Chun Qiu. The Book of Rites University was originally an article. Zhu divided it into one chapter and passed it on to ten chapters. The Doctrine of the Mean is a book taught by Confucius, and Zisi was passed on to Mencius. The philosophy of life described in the book is very meaningful. The Analects of Confucius was written by a disciple of Confucius. Mencius was edited by Mencius himself and his disciples Gong Sunchou and Zhang Wan.

The Eighth Warring States Policy

During the Warring States period, the relationship between countries was tense and war could break out at any time. Strategists and lobbyists in charge of diplomacy began to be reused. At that time, all countries were centered on power, and the counselors said nothing more than war and intrigue; However, extensive knowledge and subtle wit are essential for making statements according to people and places. On the basis of sorting out and polishing Kuai Tong, a famous lobbyist in the early Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled the remarks of these strategists into The Warring States Policy.

Historical Records and Han Shu Jiu

Sima Qian wandered around in his early years, knowing customs and collecting rumors. He created China's first biographical and general historical Historical Records with the historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, connecting the changes of ancient and modern times and becoming a family". There are five styles in Historical Records: Twelve Biographies, which record the political traces of emperors and are chronicled. Ten tables, mainly by age and generation. The evolution of the system of eight ancient books. Thirty families, seventy biographies of post-Guo survival passed down from generation to generation, all kinds of people.

Han Shu was written by Han Bangu, and his sister Ban Zhao was ordered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to consult the Royal Library and continue to write Ban Gu's legacy.

The tenth philosopher

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the feudal system began to disintegrate. In this great change, some smart people have different views, but they all "stick to their own reasons and make sense." This is the knowledge of philosophers, most of which can be called philosophy. All scholars are professional "scholars". "Scholar" was originally the last aristocratic rank in the feudal system, but in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, "scholar" became a general term for talents.

Article 11 Ci Fu

Qu Yuan is a person who will be remembered forever in the history of our country. Li Sao and Nine Chapters of Chu Ci were both written by Qu Yuan when he was in exile. Gou Zi's prose was first called "Fu". The general topic of Fu Pian is divided into poems, the guest and the host are arranged, and questions and answers are written into articles, which has opened the atmosphere of fu writers in later generations. Han Shu's Shi Zhi Fu can be divided into four categories. Since Ban Gu wrote Er Du Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng copied it as Er Du Fu and Jin copied it as San Du Fu.

The twelfth poem

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Yuefu, collecting songs and music scores of Dai, Zhao, Qin and Chu. At the end of the Han dynasty, the general's wind was rectified all the way; Poetry in the Jin dynasty gradually moved towards levelness and innuendo; The harmonious development in the early Tang Dynasty established the quatrain of regular poetry, which is called modern poetry. The disharmonious poem is called the ancient style, which establishes the ancient seven-character rhythm poem; In the early Song Dynasty, Li Shangyin specialized in poetry, but in the end he only knew allusions. The three great poets in Southern Song Dynasty all evolved from Jiangxi School.

Article 13

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were frequent exchanges among countries, and diplomatic language was more important to the country and the nation. Some people call it "Ci", "Fate", "Ci" or "Ci". During the Warring States period, lobbying was very popular. Confucius started to give private lectures, and since then he has had private works; Chronicles have also made great progress with the development of argumentative essays; Cifu prevailed in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty; Liang Zhaoming put forward the standard of "literature" for the first time in Selected Works. After Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, ancient prose became authentic; In the Song Dynasty, "story books" appeared; Eight-part essay prevailed in Ming Dynasty.