What is linguistics?

Linguistics is a subject that takes human language as the research object, and its exploration scope includes the nature, function, structure, application and historical development of language, as well as other issues related to language. Linguistics is usually defined as the scientific and systematic theoretical study of language. Language is the most important communication tool for human beings and the direct reality of thought.

Linguistics in a broad sense includes philology, which studies the situation of language in a certain period and is called * * * temporal linguistics; Studying the changes experienced by language in different periods is called diachronic linguistics; A comprehensive study of linguistics in many languages, trying to find out the law of * * *, is called general linguistics; Applying linguistic knowledge to practical work is called applied linguistics; Tracing the kinship of some languages through the comparison of pronunciation and word form is called historical comparative linguistics; By comparison, some similarities between human languages are found, which is called typology. Contrastive linguistics is to compare the similarities and differences between two languages in order to solve teaching or translation problems.

A comprehensive study of Introduction to Linguistics, trying to find out the law of * * *, is called general linguistics; Applying linguistic knowledge to practical work is called applied linguistics; Tracing the kinship of some languages through the comparison of pronunciation and word form is called historical comparative linguistics; By comparison, some similarities between human languages are found, which is called typology. Contrastive linguistics is to compare the similarities and differences between two languages in order to solve teaching or translation problems.

Phonetics, grammar, vocabulary and writing are all centered on the structure of the language itself, which is the center of linguistics. Some people call it micro linguistics.

Phonetics is a physiological process to study the physical properties of speech, human pronunciation methods and speech perception.

Phonology or phonetics studies how many different sounds there are in a language, and what are the differences and connections between them.

It is morphology, also known as morphology, which studies the way words are formed and inflected. Syntax, also called syntax, studies how words are combined into phrases or sentences. According to traditional grammar, morphology and sentence-making are combined to form grammar.

Lexicology studies lexical items, lexical meanings and the evolution of words. It is etymology that traces the origin and history of words; It is lexicography that collects, classifies, compares and annotates many words.

It is semantics, which studies the relationship between words, concepts and referred objects, trying to find out the similarities and differences of various meanings, the relationship between affirmation and negation, up and down, crossing and so on, and analyzing the meaning of the whole sentence or some of its components. The discipline that studies the shape, system, origin, evolution and development of characters is philology.

Linguistics has many branches:

* * * Temporal linguistics

Diachronic linguistics of China linguistics

General linguistics and micro linguistics

phonetics

phonology

word-building

grammar

semantics

pragmatics

lexics

Dialect research

rhetoric

linguistics

origin of a word

lexics

Stylistic theory

comparative linguistics

historical comparative linguistics

Linguistic typology

contrastive linguistics

contrastive linguistics

Linguistic geography

socio-linguistics

Dialectology: Dialect Geography

Stylistic theory

linguistic psychology

cognitive linguistics

applied linguistics

language teaching

First language teaching

Second language teaching: English teaching

foreign language teaching

text linguistics

Experimental linguistics

mathematical linguistics

Algebraic linguistics

statistical linguistics

Applied mathematical linguistics

computational linguistics

A Study on the Translation of Corpus Linguistics China Linguistics Collection

Network linguistics

neurolinguistics

Adjoint linguistics

anthropological linguistics

ethnolinguistics

phonology

semantics

Writing science

International linguistics

Critical Interpretation of Ancient Literature

Context science

biolinguistics

Cosmic linguistics

general linguistics