Summarize the thoughts of Confucius and Dong Zhongshu, and point out the different endings of their thoughts and their reasons.

1, Confucius: "courtesy" and "benevolence".

2. Dong Zhongshu: ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone.

Second, different endings:

1, Confucius: Confucius' ideal of a harmonious society and a well-off society had a far-reaching impact on China's later generations. Later, thinkers in different historical periods and stages put forward different visions and goals, which also inspired progressive thinkers and reformers. Hong Xiuquan, Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong and Sun Yat-sen were all influenced by it.

2. Dong Zhongshu: After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's proposal of unifying thoughts, he implemented the policy of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" and regarded Confucianism as orthodox thought. Since then, the authority of Confucianism has been established in the ideological circle of the Han Dynasty, resulting in China's unique Confucian classics and Confucian classics tradition. Dr. Dong Zhongshu was regarded as "Confucianism" in the Han Dynasty, and established the Doctor of Five Classics, from which he learned scholars.

Third, the reason:

1, Confucius: Confucius lived in Shandong and had a deep patriarchal tradition in the Western Zhou Dynasty. At this time, the ruling power of the Zhou Dynasty had existed in name only, and there were constant struggles among governors, resulting in the social reality of "losing the king, abolishing the ceremony, losing the government and losing the family". "No monarch, no minister, no father and no son" became the characteristic of that era. The intensification of social contradictions has hindered the development of productive forces, and people's spirit and beliefs have also been destroyed as never before. These isomorphisms have become the historical origin and social conditions of Confucius' political thought, and "benevolence" and "courtesy" are the basic spirits of his political thought.

2. Dong Zhongshu: In the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao learned and practiced everything. With the rapid development of economy, a prosperous literary scene has emerged. However, in the era of Emperor Jing, there was a rebellion between Wu Chu. A unified country will face the danger of division. Dong Zhongshu, who was a doctor at the time of Emperor Jingdi, believes that the important issue is to consolidate the centralized and unified political power and prevent a separatist situation. Dong Zhongshu looked for the reason of great unity from Confucian classics and found "great unity" from Yang Gong Chunqiu.

Extended data:

To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect the influence of Confucianism alone;

Hanwu's "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" is an important measure to meet the needs of political, ideological and social transformation in the Western Han Dynasty. For eleven years, it has gone through six stages: ousting criminal law, discussing the establishment of a hall of fame, increasing medical care, suppressing pornography, making good plans, and appointing Confucian officials. From political opening to theoretical completion to organizational realization, it has formed a dangerous situation.

This move had a far-reaching impact on the history of later generations:

On the one hand, it made great progress in the study of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty and became the orthodox thought of later generations.

On the other hand, it also fetters the national thinking, making academic freedom an extravagant hope for future generations, and the Chinese nation has paid a high price for it.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Dong Zhongshu

Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius