What are the characteristics of the building materials and styles of the residents of eastern Shandong before the 1960s

Characteristics: adobe, wheat grass as building materials, each place has its own characteristics, but all have traditional colors.

Jinan courtyard

Shandong traditional city dwellings are mostly concentrated in the old times in the county towns and cities, distributed with the province, only the scale of each place is different. Most of them have survived the Qing Dynasty, and a few towns have retained the Ming Dynasty. Towns around the residence, the most typical should be Jinan on into the residence, the old city of Jinan is located in the current Lixia District within the city park, its history has been more than 1,000 years. The old city dwellings have been developed along the traditional and stable trend, especially after the Ming Dynasty, the building scale greatly exceeded the previous generation.

The residences in the old city of Jinan are typical northern courtyard houses, which have many similarities with Beijing's courtyard houses in terms of layout, structure and style. In the past, these courtyards were mostly distributed on both sides of the streets and alleys in the old city, and most of them were two courtyards, divided into a front yard and a back yard, with the main door located in the southeast or northwest corner of the front yard, which was called the gatehouse. Jinan gatehouse are tall and exquisite, gatehouse door pillow stone, rhinoceros head, running board most of the carvings have exquisite patterns.

Most of the other forms are similar to those of the Beijing courtyard houses, but the local decorations of the doorways, tile ridges, etc., combined with the distribution of the courtyards in the water lanes, and the elegant colors of the gray walls and tiles, make the Jinan courtyard houses different from the heavy and strict features of the northern houses and reflect the lightness and brightness of the architecture of the Jiangnan houses.

In the old days, Jinan courtyards often contained a few pomegranate trees and paulownia trees, and many of the famous springs in the city were scattered in the old city in large and small courtyards, and the clear spring water often flowed through the water lanes outside the courtyards, so the old Jinan courtyards felt the endless changes of nature throughout the year.

Coastal dwellings and seagrass houses

The coastal dwellings of Jiaodong are the most distinctive among the local dwellings. Jiaodong Peninsula is located in the eastern part of Shandong Province, belonging to the coastal hilly areas, the history of the villages here are not too long, most of the villages formed after the Ming Dynasty from the mainland immigrants or military fortification, the village layout is also mostly maintained in the mainland of the original form of the villages, but the residential buildings are fully upset about the natural materials of the ground, combined with the natural conditions of the region and the formation of a unique architectural style.

The residential buildings here are mostly built on the mountains facing the sea, so most of the courtyards are situated on the slopes. From the front to the back, step by step, although the courtyard is small, but almost every family can maintain good ventilation and lighting, the residential compound here is mostly in the form of a triad, that is, the main house is mostly three rooms, the two sides of the compartment, on the fence gatehouse, the building materials of the houses are taken from the back of the compound of the mountains and the sea of the gift.

The local seashore produces a kind of flexible and slender also grass, heat insulation and durable corrosion resistance, in the past, he caused by the roof of the winter warm and cool in summer, thick and simple, not the flavor of the fishing village, these seaweed house wall made of locally produced dark red granite, thick walls, the whole residence gives people a rough, simple feeling. In the past, Jiaodong Rongcheng generation of coastal fishing villages almost all of this purple-gray seagrass roof and dark red stone walls of the residential, into a piece of the look, the ridge bully, mild color, the whole village presents a want and warm atmosphere.

Qixia Mou's Manor

Mou's Manor was built in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and was formed in 1935. The entire manor face south and north, **** divided into three groups, including six yards, covering an area of 20,000 square meters, built more than 480 rooms in Wan Tang building. Longitudinal view of the heavy quadrangle courtyard stacked, horizontal view of the channel between the strip, clear levels, the main and secondary distinct.

Qixia Mou's Manor is mainly set courtyard layout, large courtyard sets of small courtyard, courtyard and courtyard by deviating from the central axis of an aisle (more road) to contact, seeking utilitarian and not for the form, for a variation of the courtyard. Six compounds along the north-south axis built in turn for the south group of houses, bungalows, living rooms, large buildings, small buildings, the north group and the east-west group of compartments into the courtyard, forming a complete set of typical northern residential architectural features of the ancient architectural communities. Manor building technology is unique, carving and chiseling, delicate and exquisite craftsmanship, bright columns and windows, brilliant, wonderful, with "three carvings", "six monsters", "nine" of the artistic characteristics.

Stone walls are as flat as a mirror, stone seams as thin as a line, it is said that, when laying walls, the master will give the stonemason every day to send some copper coins and pots and pans of iron, with which embedded in the wall seams, so that the wall is flat. If you look closely, you can often find copper coins embedded in the wall cracks. It is said that the average cost of each stone for a bucket of grain, this wall on the grain consumption of four hundred and forty-six buckets.

There is a flower wall in the courtyard, there are three hundred and eighty-six hexagonal wall stone, any one of them, can be formed with the surrounding stone hexagonal flower pattern, overall composition of a hundred flowers connected to the continuous pattern. Mou's Manor with its magnificent scale, deep connotation, evaluated by many experts and scholars as "the treasure of traditional architecture", "China's folk small Imperial Palace", "six hundred years of prosperity where! "and has now become a well-known tourist attractions.

Stone houses in the central mountains

The mountains in central Shandong have undulating terrain and small flatlands, and the residential villages there are mostly distributed on steep slopes to take up less arable land, so the whole village looks from afar, with changes in the heights of the residential compounds and the green hills at their feet, together with the grasses and trees in all seasons, making for a very beautiful view. The residential compounds in the mountainous areas are also mostly triad houses, which are adapted to the local conditions, with a free and practical layout.

Houses are mostly made of wet base, the stone houses there are very special, the whole compound from the gatehouse to the wall, from the steps to the strong body, are made of large and small slate stone blocks. The roof of the eaves slate stone some even up to more than 1m long, the momentum is quite large, this stone houses plus logs of wooden doors and windows components to give a person the feeling of simplicity and ruggedness, and the rest of Shandong residential style is very different.

Shandong mountain stone houses economic, durable, easy to construct, in the economically underdeveloped mountainous areas still have a good value of promoting the use of value. At present, due to the relatively backward economic and cultural development of the mountainous areas of Shandong, this kind of residence in Shandong Tai'an, Linyi and other places in the mountainous areas are still intact.

Wheatgrass mud walls of the compound

In the southwest of Shandong, Lubei and other plains, a long history, the land is vast, and the residential building there is a large compound, generally five northern houses, three rooms, the compound and build livestock sheds, haylofts, pigsties and other living facilities, the yard in front of the general also has a small vegetable beds, planting some fruits and vegetables, a small compound is full of the interest of farm life.

These homes are often adobe, wheatgrass as building materials, that is, the walls of the houses are mostly adobe brick walls, with wheatgrass mud bars wipe the walls, the end of the roof into a flat roof, in the wheatgrass into the slope of the roof, only in the door pillows, the eaves of the stone to do a little carving and decoration. This clay dwellings are not as strong and durable as masonry houses, but the roof of the house is easy to maintain and repair, the grass tendons of the raw earth houses are far better than today's reinforced concrete buildings.

Boat as a home

Weishan Lake area in southeastern Shandong Province, where the residents did not build the habit of living, but every family to boat as a home, where the boat house is two or three zhang long, small, but only a few feet, known as the "Lianjia Boat", fishermen's three meals a day, living on the life of the life of this life! "After the 70s, the fishermen's way of life has also changed a lot, many lakes have established a fixed residential settlement, and now the number of people who live in boats is gradually decreasing. are gradually decreasing.