How to calculate the maximum and optimal capacity of tourist attractions?

According to the calculation principle of tourism capacity, the maximum spatial capacity, maximum facility capacity and maximum ecological resource capacity are mainly calculated. These three capacities are considered from different angles: the maximum space capacity mainly calculates the maximum number of tourists that can be carried by the tourist space of the scenic spot (that is, the area where tourists arrive during the tour), which is mainly suitable for land-based scenic spots; The maximum facility capacity refers to the maximum number of tourists that can be received by sightseeing facilities (such as water cruises), entertainment facilities, transportation facilities, accommodation facilities, catering facilities, shopping facilities, toilets, etc. The maximum capacity of ecological resources refers to the maximum number of tourists that can be carried under the premise of fragile ecological environment and tourism resources (such as cultural relics, natural landscapes, etc.). ) There is no damage in the scenic spots. This capacity should be considered for scenic spots with fragile ecological environment and tourism resources.

According to time classification, tourism capacity can be divided into instantaneous capacity, daily capacity, weekly capacity, monthly capacity and annual capacity. Here, the daily capacity (that is, the daily maximum carrying capacity during peak hours) is mainly calculated, including the daily maximum space capacity, the daily maximum facility capacity and the daily maximum ecological resource capacity.

(1) Maximum daily space capacity

The specific calculation methods of daily maximum space capacity can be area method and bayonet method. ① Area method: It can be used in scenic spots with linear and plane tourism activities, including outdoor and indoor parts. This method can be used in most scenic spots in Nanjing.

◆ Specific measurement method

The first step is to calculate the instantaneous maximum space capacity (or the maximum space capacity in a certain tour period), and the calculation formula is: Si=Xi÷Yi (where Si is the instantaneous maximum space capacity, the tour space area, and Yi is the average occupied area of each tourist).

The second step is to calculate the daily turnover rate, and its calculation formula is: Zi=T÷t (where t is the daily opening time and t is the average visiting time of tourists).

Step 3, calculate the daily maximum space capacity, and the calculation formula is Ci= Si×Zi (where Ci is the daily space capacity, Si is the instantaneous maximum space capacity, and Zi is the daily turnover rate).

◆ Relevant reference standards

In the area method, the area of sightseeing space and the average time of tourists can be calculated according to different scenic spots, and the daily opening time can also be determined according to the actual situation of each scenic spot. The key is to determine the average space occupied by each tourist, which can be divided into outdoor and indoor situations. The average space occupied by each tourist for outdoor sightseeing can be set to 2 square meters, and the average space occupied by each tourist for indoor sightseeing can be set to 1 square meter.

Maximum facility capacity per day. This paper mainly gives the calculation method of daily maximum carrying capacity of tourist facilities in water scenic spots, that is, cruise facilities. The capacity of other facilities can be calculated and determined according to the specific situation of the scenic spot.

◆ Specific measurement method

The first step is to calculate the daily maximum passenger capacity of each cruise ship, and the calculation formula is: ci = Bi×t÷ti (where ci is the daily maximum passenger capacity of type I cruise ship, bi is the number of seats of type I cruise ship, T is the daily opening hours, and ti is the average time of each cruise ship).

Step 2, calculate the daily maximum carrying capaCity of all cruise ships, and the calculation formula is: C=∑Ci (where c is the daily maximum carrying capacity of all cruise facilities and ci is the daily maximum carrying capacity of type I cruise ships).

◆ Relevant standards

The number of cruise seats can be determined according to the specific cruise ship, and the daily opening hours can also be determined according to the actual situation of each scenic spot. Because the cruise is charged by the hour, most tourists spend 1 hour on the cruise, so the average cruise time can be set as 1 hour.

② Bayonet method: it is mainly used for scenic spots with linear tourism activities or scenic spots with single entrance and exit and bottlenecks in tourist routes. This method can be used in some scenic spots in Nanjing.

◆ Specific measurement method

The first step is to find out the key bottleneck parts (tourist spots or roads) of tourist routes in scenic spots, that is, the parts that tourists must go to in the tourist season and are most likely to be congested.

Step 2, if the key bottleneck is a tourist spot, calculate the maximum number of tourists that the tourist spot can accommodate in each tourism cycle; If the key bottleneck is tourism, calculate the maximum number of tourists who can pass through the tourist section in unit time, and the calculation formula is: X=L÷K(X is the maximum number of tourists who can pass through the tourist section in unit time, L is the section width, and K is the average width of tourists).

Step 3, if the key bottleneck is the tourist spot, calculate the average time for each group of tourists to visit; If the key bottleneck is the swimming path, the average time spent on the cross section of the swimming path is calculated.

The fourth step is to calculate the number of tourists passing through key bottlenecks every day, and the calculation formula is: P=T÷t (where p is the number of tourists passing through 1 day, t is the daily development time, and t is the average time for each group of tourists to visit the scenic spot or pass through the tour route).

Step 5, calculate the daily maximum capacity of the key bottleneck, that is, the daily maximum space capacity of the whole scenic spot, and the calculation formula is: C=X×P (where c is the daily maximum capacity, x is the maximum number of tourists that can be accommodated in each tour period of the actually measured scenic spot or the maximum number of tourists that can pass through the actually measured tour section per unit time, and p is the number of tourists that pass through 1 day).

◆ Relevant standards

The daily opening hours in the bayonet method can be determined according to the actual situation of each scenic spot. If the key bottleneck is a tourist spot, the maximum number of tourists that can be accommodated in each tourism cycle and the average time spent by each group of tourists can be determined. If the key bottleneck is the swimming path, the cross-sectional width of the swimming path can be measured. The standard of time and space width taken by tourists through the cross section can be divided into two situations (mainly considering the walking situation here). One is that tourists simply walk, so the average time for tourists to pass a certain cross section of the swimming path can be set to 2 seconds, and the average occupied space width is 0.6 meters. The other is the scenic swimming lane (that is, tourists walk while sightseeing), which tourists can pass.

(2) Maximum daily ecological resource capacity

Because the ecological environment and tourism resources of each scenic spot are different, the bearing capacity is also different. Therefore, each scenic spot carries out specific calculation according to the actual situation of the scenic spot and the requirements of effectively protecting the ecological environment and tourism resources.