Is there really a Yellow Emperor?

Huangdi: the ancestor of the Chinese nation. According to records, XuanYuanShi (probably TianNianShi in Guoyu), Xiong Shi and Ji Shi are all sons of ShaoDianXiong. Huangdi's mother's name is Fu Bao. Ji is a tribal leader, the legendary Lord of the ancient Chinese nation, and the head of the five emperors. The Yellow Emperor is also honored as the ancestor of Taoism, and has a special position in Taoism. The historical information about the Yellow Emperor is very scarce. The only thing that is credible is that there is such a thing in history: the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun, lived in Xuanyuan Mountain.

Huangdi is the title of Xuanyuan, the legendary ancient emperor. Gongsun was born in the hill of Xuanyuan, so he was called Xuanyuan. It is said that he was born a few days ago and can talk. He was alert as a teenager, honest and capable as a youth, and smart and decisive as an adult. There is a bear in Jianguo (Xinzheng, Henan), also called Xiong Ke. When Chiyou was cruel and heartless, he annexed the princes. At that time, Yan Di Shennong, the main inventor of agriculture and medicine in the world, had declined. The chiefs attacked each other and the war was endless. Life is ruined. Shennong had no choice but to ask the Yellow Emperor for help. The Yellow Emperor resolutely assumed the responsibility of stabilizing the world. The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in Zhuolu, and the soldiers of both sides were brave and good at fighting. With the help of Li Mu, the Yellow Emperor finally caught Chiyou and punished him, and his ministers honored him as the son of heaven to replace Yan Di and become the master of the world. Because of its virtue, it is called the Yellow Emperor. Soon, there was another riot in the world. Knowing that Chiyou's prestige was still there, the Yellow Emperor drew a statue of Chiyou and hung it everywhere. People all over the world think that Chiyou is not dead, but was surrendered by the Yellow Emperor, and more tribes came to join them. Later, Chiyou was honored as the God of War. Although Emperor Yan was defeated by Chiyou, his strength still exists. He was dissatisfied with the fact that the Yellow Emperor became the master of the world, tried to regain his lost position, and finally rose up and rebelled. Yandi clashed with Huangdi, and the decisive battle was held in the wild of Hanquan. After three fierce battles, the Yellow Emperor won. From then on, the Yellow Emperor finally established his position as the master of the world, and ordered the world that all disobedient tribes would be punished as sons of heaven. The Yellow Emperor was in power for a long time, with strong national strength, political stability and cultural progress. There are many inventions and productions, such as words, music, calendars, palaces, boats, clothes and compasses. According to legend, Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang Dou are his descendants, so the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the same ancestor of the Chinese nation. The Yellow Emperor has four concubines and ten concubines. Zheng Fei, Lei Zu of Xiling, personally planted mulberry and raised silkworms, and taught people to spin. He was called "the best silkworm in the world". The second princess is Fang, a famous daughter. Once again, Princess is Tong Yu's surname. The last princess, Mo Mu, was ugly, but virtuous and respected by the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, fourteen of whom have surnames. These fourteen people got twelve surnames, namely: "Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Sui (the grass flower is salty under the head, pronounced as" true "), Ren, Xun, Nuo, Yi (pronounced as" Xuan ") and Yi. Every nation has its own legendary era, and the Yellow Emperor is the representative of China's legendary era. People concentrated on him all kinds of advantages and many creations of the ancients. He led the development of Chinese civilization from barbarism to civilization, so he was regarded as the ancestor of mankind. According to the New Chapter of Twenty-five History, the Yellow Emperor may be a real person and the leader of the tribal alliance in the Central Plains during the patriarchal clan system. Through the war, he United the tribes in the Central Plains and did many good deeds, which played an important role in the oral history of the ancients.

The Yellow Emperor is a legendary ancient emperor and an ancient immortal revered by Taoism. Its prototype is probably the head of an emirate of the Chinese nation, because he has made great contributions to the development of this nation and has been praised by future generations for a long time. However, due to the age, most of the rumors left behind are confusing and difficult to know in detail. But by the Warring States period, many people had sorted out and edited those rumors, and finally created a generation of emperor images. It is said that the Yellow Emperor has a little hall for the son of a bear. He once defeated Emperor Yan in Beiquan and passed Chiyou in Zhuolu. The governors respected him as the son of heaven and replaced Shennong as the Yellow Emperor. Then establish officials, formulate laws and regulations, and order officials to build palaces, make clothes, build ships and cars, laws and calendars, writing, arithmetic, music and so on. They have been invented one after another, thus forming a prosperous situation of "fields do not invade the shore, fishing does not dispute, roads are not connected, and cities do not care about their homes". While a hundred schools of thought contend to shape the image of the Yellow Emperor, some ancient books are also shaping the immortal image of the Yellow Emperor. "Shan Hai Jing ·Xi· Shan Jing" says: "It is 420 miles in the northwest, and it is called Aoshan. ..... Among them, there are many white jade, jade paste, and its original boiling soup is delicious for the Yellow Emperor. " In Zhuangzi, there are many stories about the Yellow Emperor's visiting and talking about Taoism. In In Lang, the Yellow Emperor went up the Kongtong Mountain and asked Yu Chengzi, who taught him that "the ears are empty, the head is motionless, and he is self-righteous." To be quiet and clear, it is possible for a woman to live forever without working or shaking her figure. Seeing nothing, hearing nothing and knowing nothing, the goddess will keep her shape, and the shape is immortal. "Xu Wugui" records that the Yellow Emperor went to Juzi Mountain to visit the Great King, and Lu Yu taught the boy to rule the world. He said: "if the husband is a man under the sun, he will laugh at people who release their horses abnormally, and he will only hurt his horse!" "The Journey to the West recorded the admonition of the Yellow Emperor, saying," Without thinking, you can only know, do nothing, and you can't get the word. "He also said:" Those who walk for the Tao will lose their days and lose what they have lost, so that they will do nothing. " The article "The Great Master" said: "The way of a husband is affectionate and intangible ... The Yellow Emperor got it to climb into the sky. "The alchemists in the Qin and Han Dynasties even regarded the Yellow Emperor as a model for emperors to become immortals and encouraged Qin Huang and Hanwu to cultivate immortals. Li said to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "The shrine furnace can cause trouble, and cinnabar can be refined into gold. Jin can think that eating utensils can prolong life, and Penglai immortals can be seen in the sea. If you saw it, you wouldn't die. Huangdi also. The palace also fabricated a famous myth that the Yellow Emperor Dinghu ascended to heaven, saying, "The Yellow Emperor learned immortality by fighting, ... and then gained magical power when he was 100 years old." "The Yellow Emperor took the copper from the first mountain and cast a tripod at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. When the tripod was finished, a dragon lowered its beard to welcome the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor rode on horseback, and there were more than 70 ministers in the harem, with dragons on them. Yu Xiaochen couldn't go up, but he knew that he had a Chinese alpine rush in his hand. When he pulled it, it fell and fell into the bow of the Yellow Emperor. People look up to the Yellow Emperor, but they hold his bow and grow his beard, so later generations named it Dinghu and his bow Wu Hao. "It can be said that from the Warring States to the early Han Dynasty, the Yellow Emperor was basically an emperor and an image of a fairy.

In the early days of Taoism, people called it the ecliptic, and regarded Huangdi and Laozi as the founders of Taoism. Zhang Ling founded Wudou Midao, respecting Laozi as the godfather and Huangdi as the ancient immortal. This is to follow. Therefore, Taoist books continue to decorate the Yellow Emperor as an ancient immortal. Ge Hong's "Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter" said: "Huang Lao Xuan Sheng, with profound knowledge and unique opinions, writes secret poems about famous mountains, is taught by immortals, and is tired of dust. Stones and stones can't stand it, and turtles and cranes can't wait." In the same book "Debate and Question", it is boasted that the Yellow Emperor is the only saint who manages the world's Tao since ancient times, saying: "The so-called saints all manage the world's saints, the saints who get the Tao, and the saints who get the Tao are also yellow and old. The sage who manages the world is Kong Zhou.

It is an accidental gift that the Yellow Emperor ruled the world first, and then became immortal. Ji Yan tells the story of the Yellow Emperor crossing famous mountains, visiting the truth and finally ascending to heaven.

A little cloud said, "In the past, the emperor was born with a glib tongue, and the lark was gifted, but he still couldn't sit up. So, I went to the palace and got the Dan Sutra. I went to Dinghu Lake and flew to Beads. Get on the board and ask Guangcheng. When I was in the east, I served medium yellow. I went into the shrine and consulted my son. When I talk about the cultivation of Tao, I am a mysterious vegetarian. I visited Shanlu and forced grazing. Ask the wind when you talk about the situation, and then write about your body. So I can complete this secret, and the road to poverty is real, so I can raise the dragon to a high level, which is extremely beneficial to heaven and earth. " From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, historical records constantly increased the story of the Yellow Emperor becoming immortal. "Taiyi Zazi" said: "The Yellow Emperor went to Emei to see the naive emperor, and worshipped the Jade Hall, saying: Dare you ask what is the trinity? The emperor said: and since you have unified yourself and consulted the Trinity, what is there to resist? ..... If saints want to rule the world, they must first make meritorious deeds to accumulate wealth, gain wisdom, control righteousness with wisdom, send letters with righteousness, rely on the masses, be benevolent with the masses, nurture benevolence with morality, protect education with morality, teach well with politics and customs, ... make a promise at a ceremony, restore their original feelings to Taoism, restore morality to Syria, and live a quiet life. The Biography of the Yellow Emperor imitates the Biography of Emperor Mu of Han Dynasty and the Biography of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and fabricates the story that the Queen Mother of the West preached and taught, saying that "the Queen Mother gave the emperor the skill of seven lewdness. The emperor said: what is seven lewdness? The Queen Mother said: I can't see clearly, my ears are not wise, my mouth is unhappy, my nose is blocked, my hands are unstable, my feet are not straight, and my heart is not true. However, if the mind is not confused, it will be true. If the eyes are not ignorant, they will be clear, and if the ears are not ignorant, they will be clear ... that is, we must know that the seven obscenities should be combined into one, one is slightly ignorant, and the six obscenities are all stuffed, then the whole body will be cured and close to death. " He also said, "The Empress Dowager drank the pure fruit of the emperor with the slurry of Bi Xia, and because she gave the emperor a five-body white jade statue, she said," This is the true meaning of the Buddha from the beginning. He also presented the original picture to Emperor II and returned 19 Dan. The emperor is a gift, placed above lofty ideas, and provides for himself, which is invisible to concubines. Its view often has different colors, and the strange fragrance smells a hundred paces. When people call it a Taoist temple, the numbering of Taoist temples begins. " The Seven Signs of Yun Qi, Volume 3, The Rise of Taoism, also called the Yellow Emperor a biography of Lingbao, saying that "the biography of Lingbao today is the naive emperor granted to Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor in Emei Mountain." In the second year of Tang Xizong Guangming (88 1), Wang Kui sorted out the Huangdi's monasticism recorded in various books, which was a systematic summary of Huangdi's cultivation of immortals. He said: "The Yellow Emperor is based on the world, but he seeks truth and seeks immortality in seclusion", so he visited the mountain and finally said: "There is a yellow dragon beard." Taoism regards the Yellow Emperor as an ancient immortal, and Tao Hongjing's "True Spirit Industry Map" calls it "Xuanpuzhen Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan", which ranks in the left position under the third Taiji Golden Que Emperor. Taoist priests often write books in the name of the Yellow Emperor. In addition to the ancient medical book Huangdi Neijing, the most famous one is Daozang. There are many books on alchemy of Huangdi, such as alchemy of Huangdi Jiuding Shen Dan Jing; On divination, there are The First Classic of the Yellow Emperor, The Classic of the Golden Chamber and the Classic of the Yellow Emperor's House. Regarding the choice of marrying the auspicious day of the ecliptic, there is a classic that the Yellow Emperor gave three sons to a mysterious woman; There are eight magic tricks of Huangdi Taiyi, the secrets of Huangdi Taiyi and the magic of Huangdi Taiyi's life and death.

In the old days, some areas tried to build Huangdi Temple or Xuanyuan Temple, and most of them were offered as ancient immortals. Shanxi Tongzhi contains many temples of the Yellow Emperor, one of which is that "in Quwo County, the Ming Dynasty dug up ancient monuments, ... and its yin praised:' Morality is lofty, music and education are resolved, and it is as long as heaven and earth, and it is endless.' Because of the temple. There are also Huangdi temples in Henan, Shaanxi and other places. Henan Tongzhi said: "There are two Huangdi temples, one in the west of Yiyang County and the other in the southeast of Ganxiang County. According to legend, Xuanyuan Huangdi cast a tripod here, so this temple was built. " AK Taoist Temple includes Huangdi Temple and Xuanyuan Temple. For example, the Changdao Temple in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan, has both the Sanhuang Temple dedicated to Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi and the Xuanyuan Temple dedicated to Huangdi.

The legend of the Yellow Emperor is 300 years old. I heard about it from Yi Rong and asked Confucius, but Confucius didn't believe me. His answer was that Huang Di was born and the people benefited for a hundred years, and Huang Di died and the people benefited for a hundred years, so it was said that it was three hundred years. (Dai Dai. Volume 7. In fact, the Yellow Emperor is also a tribal alliance. According to the Preface to the Life Calendar in the Spring and Autumn Period, a * * * was passed to 10 generation, 1520 (the same number of years in Iraq), and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor were named Zhu.

birthplace

Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records: "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan, and the Yellow Emperor lives in the hill of Xuanyuan". It is generally believed that Xuanyuan Mountain is located in Xuanyuan Mountain, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, which has been widely recognized by academic circles. In ancient times, it was the capital of the bear country, and its father was the monarch of the bear country, but some people thought it was somewhere else.

Legend 1. The Yellow Emperor was born on the second day of the second lunar month in China's northwest Loess Plateau in the Longjiangguan Gorge. According to legend, the mother of the Yellow Emperor was a girl on the Loess Plateau. One evening (or night), she suddenly saw the Northern Lights, and then she got pregnant and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor.

Legend 2. Before 4856 BC, there was a dragon totem country in Xuanyuanqiu, Xinzheng, Henan Province. The monarch is called Shaodian. He is the 77th emperor of Fuxi Emperor and Nuwa Emperor. His wife has two wives, one is Ren Xian (female Deng) and the other is Deng. They are sisters and daughters of the Xi family. In today's palace in Xuanyuanqiu, Beiguan, xinzheng city, the baby breathed the gas of nature as soon as he was born, and let out a cry of "Wow". This statement has been unanimously recognized by most experts, including China Ancient Capital Society.

Legend 3: The Yellow Emperor was born in Qufu City, Shandong Province. According to ancient records, "Huangdi was born in Shouqiu", "Shouqiu is north of Dongdaemun in Shandong Province", and Shouqiu is located in the east of the old county, four kilometers east of Qufu. Zhao Hengzun took the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of Zhao, ordered Qufu County to be changed into a county, and built Jingling Palace and Taiji Hall in Shouqiu, Qufu for sacrifice. Jingling Palace complex is huge, with 1, 320 halls, halls, pavilions, covering an area of 1, 800 mu, more than three times that of Confucius Temple in Qufu today. It was the temple with the highest etiquette at that time. After Kublai Khan entered the Central Plains in the Yuan Dynasty, he respected the Yellow Emperor, ordered the restoration of Jingling Palace, and allowed Han people to worship the Yellow Emperor. Jingling Palace was destroyed in the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty. To the north is the famous Shao Hao Mausoleum, known as the Chinese Pyramid. At present, Qufu City is rebuilding Jingling Palace and Huangdi City to clear the name of Huangdi. Invite the Huangling government of Shaanxi Province to pay homage to the Yellow Emperor and announce to the society that the hometown of Confucius, a generation of cultural masters, is also the hometown of the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation.

Huangdi's Birthday On the second day of the second lunar month, it is the Zhonghe Festival (also called Dragon Head Lift Festival), the legendary birthday of Huangdi, and a festival for China people. The Zhonghe Festival was formulated by Tang Dezong Shili in the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), also known as the February 2nd of the Dragon's Rise.