Living habits of Koreans

Korean marriage is monogamous. According to the traditional custom, close relatives, consanguinity and surname are not married. It is a common custom that "men are in charge of the outside and women are in charge of the inside". Korean Wedding

Korean wedding customs, from matchmaking to marriage, go through six ceremonies, namely "receiving gifts", "asking names", "Naji", "collecting coins", "inviting parties" and "welcoming guests". The communication between girls and boys needs a "matchmaker". First of all, the man's family should let the matchmaker go to the woman's house to "accept it when it is good", which is similar to the "blind date" of the Han nationality. If satisfied, the boy will formally propose to the girl. If the woman agrees, the man's family will give her the "four pillars". Four pillars are written on a piece of paper with their names and stars (when they were born), and then the woman "vaults" with the four pillars of the girl. The so-called "vault" refers to whether the male and female zodiac signs are consistent but not consistent. If the zodiac signs of two people coincide, the woman will inform the man's family through the matchmaker that the harmony between the two people is opposite, and the man can "choose a date" to determine the wedding date and send a bride price to the woman's family, usually "green satin" and "red satin". The gift of "Nacai" was given by the groom's family when they proposed to the bride's family. The "name-asking" ceremony is a ceremony to predict the bride's future luck and ask her mother's name. The "Naji" ceremony is an auspicious day for the groom's family to inform the bride's family. "Gifts" are blue satin, red silk and other gifts given to the bride by the groom's family. The "invitation" ceremony means that the groom's family will send the selected wedding date to the bride's family in writing for comments, and the bride's family will reply according to the girl's specific situation. "Wedding ceremony", that is, the bride's family will reply according to the girl's specific situation. The "wedding ceremony", that is, the groom greets the bride, is also the most solemn.

The ceremony of Korean wedding is very complicated. In Yanbian, weddings are usually held in two stages: first at the bride's house, and then at the groom's house. What is held at the bride's house is called "the groom's wedding" and what is held at the groom's house is called "the bride's wedding". The groom's wedding is generally conducted in the order of goose-laying ceremony, goose-worshipping ceremony, sexual intercourse ceremony and banquet ceremony. After living in the bride's house for three days, the groom went home alone, and then the bride waited for the selected auspicious day to be welcomed into the groom's house. The groom's family also held a wedding banquet for the bride. The next day, the bride and her in-laws recognized each other, gave gifts to each other and were invited to have fun. At this point, the wedding is over. Koreans generally don't get divorced after marriage. They held a ceremony of offering wooden geese at the wedding, symbolizing the wish of husband and wife to grow old together.

funeral

Most Koreans practice burial, and those scattered in towns also practice cremation. In Korean society, father-son relationship is the basis of all interpersonal relationships. Value father and love filial piety, and the eldest son supports his parents. Old people in society are respected, and people despise unfilial people and behaviors. After the death of an old Korean man, relatives are not allowed to wash their faces, have haircuts or eat dry food for three days, and they must wear mourning clothes. When relatives and friends come to pay their respects, they kowtow three days before the body, and then kowtow to each other with relatives of the deceased. The funeral must be held on the same day. Dress the dead with new clothes and burn the old ones. Buried in three days. Before burial, please ask Mr. Feng Shui to choose a cemetery. The cemetery should be located on the sunny side of the hillside, with the head facing the top of the mountain and the feet facing down. After burial, the tomb was offered offerings and bowed down. In the future, we will worship for three days, and make sacrifices before meals: the first day is called "the first cloud", the second day is called "cloud worship", and the third day is called "the third cloud" when we take sacrifices to the cemetery. In the future, every birthday, anniversary, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival will be dedicated to the dead.

Dress

Koreans generally like plain white to show cleanliness, neatness, simplicity and generosity, so Koreans have been called "white people" since ancient times and call themselves "white compatriots". The traditional costumes of Korean people are called "Zegaoli" and "Ma Qi". Women's clothes are short skirts, men's clothes are short jackets, plus waistcoats and wide trouser legs. I wore a robe tied with a cloth belt when I went out, and now I am wearing a uniform or a suit. Korea clothes

Short skirts and long skirts are a major feature of Korean women's wear. There is a long white cloth belt with a bow under the right shoulder of the jacket. Long skirts often have long folds. Skirts can be divided into wrap skirts, tube skirts, long skirts, short skirts and aprons. Short coat, called "Zegaoli" in Korean, is a kind of clothes with oblique collar, no buttons, tied with a belt and only covering the chest; Long skirt, called "Chima" in Korean, has fine pleats at the waist and is loose and elegant. This kind of clothes is mostly made of silk, and the color is very bright. Young women generally like to wear tube skirts and short skirts, while old women often wear wrapped skirts and long skirts. Middle-aged and elderly women wear cotton (leather) vests in winter.

Men's clothes are short, trousers are long and fat, and they wear vests, and some wear Taoist robes or Korean robes. Taoist robes used to be used by literati and Confucian scholars, but later they became dresses for men to go out. Robes can be worn as coats and can be divided into singles, clips and cotton.

Dietary customs

There are many traditional Korean flavor foods, the most famous of which are cakes, cold noodles and pickles. To make a cake, glutinous rice is steamed into dough, sliced, sprinkled with bean flour, and added with dilute honey and sugar. Cold noodles are made by adding starch and water to buckwheat noodles, mixing them into noodles, cooling them with cold water after cooking, and adding sesame oil, pepper, pickles, beef sauce and beef soup. It tastes cool and delicious. Kimchi is made by soaking Chinese cabbage for a few days, washing it, mixing it with pepper and other ingredients, and sealing it in a vat. The longer the curing time, the more delicious the taste.

Making cakes: one of the traditional foods that Koreans like best. Cake-making has a long history, which was recorded in Korean literature in the18th century. At that time, making cakes was called "attracting cakes" and was called one of the traditional foods. Nowadays, every family entertains relatives and friends with cakes on holidays or weddings. As the name implies, cakes are made. The main raw material for making cakes is glutinous rice. Where glutinous rice is not produced, use millet or millet; In addition to adzuki beans, there are soybeans, mung beans, pine nuts, chestnuts, red dates, sesame seeds and so on. It can also be used as the raw material of bean jelly. When making, the glutinous rice is washed, steamed, put into a cake-beating trough or slate, and smashed with a cake-beating hammer. When eating, dip a knife in water and cut it into small pieces to eat with the cake noodles.

Cold noodles: one of the traditional Korean foods. Koreans not only like to eat cold noodles in hot summer, but also like to sit on the kang and eat cold noodles even in cold winter. Especially from noon on the fourth day of the first lunar month every year, Koreans have the custom of eating cold noodles with the whole family. According to folklore, eating noodles on this day can "live for a hundred years", so cold noodles are also called "longevity noodles". The main raw materials of cold noodles are buckwheat flour, wheat flour and starch, and can also be made of corn flour, sorghum flour, elm bark powder and potato starch. The method is to add starch and water to buckwheat noodles, mix them into noodles, cool them with cold water after cooking, and add sesame oil, pepper, pickles, beef sauce and beef soup to make them cool and delicious.

Erming Liquor: It is a Korean custom to drink Erming Liquor. On the morning of the fifteenth day of the first month, I drank Erming wine on an empty stomach to wish my ears and eyes bright. This wine is not specially made. The wine I drank on the morning of the fifteenth day of the first month was called "Erming wine".

Dog days and dog soup: Dog days are the hottest season of the year. But Koreans have the custom of killing dogs and eating dog meat hot soup in dog days. This sauce soup has a special taste, which can be greatly supplemented by eating dog meat sauce soup in dog days. Most Koreans like dog meat. But it is absolutely forbidden to eat dog meat at festivals or weddings. This is a custom, a courtesy.

Whole grain rice: Koreans have been eating whole grain rice for a long time. On the fifteenth day of the first month, farmers use glutinous rice, rhubarb rice, millet, sorghum rice and adzuki beans to make whole grain rice. Also put some in the cow trough to see what kind of food the cows eat first, indicating what kind of food they can harvest this year. This custom is still circulating among the people.

Rice wine: Koreans' favorite drink. Rice wine is their best treat for guests. If a guest comes to visit, the host always brings a bowl of rice wine brewed by himself. This wine is a little whiter and slightly sweeter than yellow rice wine. This rice wine is full of stamina. When the elders drink together, they should move their heads aside to drink, and never raise their glasses to drink in front of the elders, otherwise it is disrespectful to the elders.

Spicy cabbage: one of the favorite traditional foods of Korean people. Every winter, after the Chinese cabbage comes down, they start to make spicy cabbage. At this time, no matter in rural areas or towns, everyone has to cook, ranging from a few hundred kilograms to a thousand kilograms, because they have to eat until the next spring. Spicy cabbage, fragrant and refreshing, has the effects of relieving boredom and hangover, helping digestion and stimulating appetite. It is not only a regular dish at home on weekdays, but also a banquet. Therefore, it is very popular and has become an indispensable dish in the daily diet of Koreans.

Koreans like to eat rice in their daily diet and are good at cooking rice. They are very particular about using water and fire. The iron pot for cooking has a deep bottom, a closed mouth, a tight cover and even heating, and can hold one's breath. The cooked rice is soft and glutinous, and tastes pure. You can cook double-layer rice or multi-layer rice with different textures in one pot at a time. Various cakes made of rice flour, such as sliced cakes, loose cakes, steamed cakes, cakes and cold noodles, are also the daily staple foods of Koreans.

The common daily dishes of Koreans are "Bazhen cuisine" and "Jiangmuer" (miso soup). "Bazhen cuisine" is a dish made of eight raw materials: mung bean sprouts, soybean sprouts, tofu, dried tofu, vermicelli, platycodon grandiflorum, bracken and mushrooms through stewing, mixing, frying and frying. The main raw materials of miso soup are Chinese cabbage, autumn cabbage, Daxing cabbage and laver. Use sauce instead of salt and cook it with water.

Kimchi is an indispensable dish in daily life. Kimchi enjoys a high reputation for its fine workmanship. It is a regular dish from winter to the next spring. The taste of kimchi is also a sign of housewife's cooking skills. Most Korean dishes have certain nourishing and medical effects after eating. Such as "Shenqi Bushen Decoction" eaten in spring, "dog broth" eaten in dog days, game meat and game soup eaten in winter.

There are many kinds of Korean holiday dishes, and seasonal dishes are prepared. There are many famous dishes in Korea, such as fairy furnace, tonic furnace (also called tonic soup, dog meat hotpot), cold noodles, cakes, pickles and so on. There are also: beef and radish pieces with sauce; Iron pot fillet; Raw fish and other Korean dishes.

dining etiquette

On the dining table, spoons and rice soup have a fixed position. For example, the spoon should be placed on the right side of the diner, the rice should be placed on the left side of the table, the soup bowl should be placed on the right side, the dishes with soup should be placed next to it, the dishes without soup should be placed second, and the seasoning should be placed in the middle. Korean "Flower Banquet"

Koreans attach great importance to etiquette, especially the traditional virtue of respecting the old and loving the young. The younger generation must use honorific words to the elders, and the rest can only be eaten after the elders move chopsticks when eating. On parents' 60th birthdays, women also hold a "flower banquet" (also called a flower ceremony) for the elderly. At the celebration dinner, the children and relatives gathered together, and the old couple put on new clothes and sat in the middle. Children in costumes toasted the old man in order of age. After the ceremony, the children warmly treated their relatives and friends.

Holidays and festivals

The festivals of Korean people are basically the same as those of Han people. In addition, there are three family festivals, namely, the first anniversary of the baby's birth, the "Jia Hui Festival" (60th birthday) and the "Wedding Returning Festival" (60th wedding anniversary). Koreans have always advocated etiquette and paid attention to festivals. On New Year's Day and festive days, the diet is more particular. All dishes and cakes should be decorated with shredded pepper, sliced eggs, shredded laver, shredded onion or pine nut rice and walnut kernel.

Korean Spring Festival: Koreans who can sing and dance well have a colorful holiday life. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, and the ancient music of gayageum and Dong Xiao brought people into a new realm. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, springboard pressing and tug-of-war. And the venue is very lively and people are eager to watch it. On the fifteenth night of the first month, a traditional celebration was held. Several old people boarded the wooden "moon-looking frame" to see the bright moon first, which meant that his children and grandchildren were healthy and all the best. Then, everyone sang and danced around the brightly lit "full moon building" with the music of long drums, flutes and suona until they had a good time.

Shangyuan Festival: Korean traditional China New Year. It is held on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year, and the festival lasts for one day. On this day, North Korea will first send lanterns to ancestral graves, then put lanterns in the hall, hang sky lanterns in the yard, hang wall lanterns on both sides of the courtyard door and put lanterns in the river. On this day, we will take medicine and rice, whole grain rice and drink conga wine. Medicinal rice takes glutinous rice and honey as basic raw materials. Mix jujube, chestnut, pine nuts, etc. And cooking. Because the raw materials of medicinal rice are expensive, it is not easy to get them all. Generally, five kinds of "five-in-one rice" such as rice, millet, rhubarb rice, glutinous rice and Mi Dou are used instead. Looking forward to the bumper harvest of grain that year. There are many games in the Lantern Festival. There used to be torch wars, car wars, tug-of-war and so on. Torch war, that is, firefight, depends on whose torch is the brightest and burns the longest. Whose car is better than the bucket? The whole village takes part in all recreational activities. The onlookers drummed and cheered, and it was very lively. The winners celebrated their victory by singing and dancing. In the evening, everyone held torches at the height of Dongshan to welcome the full moon. Whoever is blessed in that year will see the full moon rising. After welcoming the moon, men, women and children will step on the bridge in the moonlight. Stepping on a bridge, also known as stamping a bridge. In Korean, "bridge" and "leg" are homophonic, which means practicing legs with a bridge. When stepping on the bridge, everyone has to go back and forth on the bridge several times to dozens of times, and the number of times must be commensurate with their age, so as to pray for blessings and eliminate disasters.

Baby's birthday: the baby's first birthday. The first anniversary of a baby is the most important in Korean life ceremonies. The celebration of the baby's first anniversary is also grand. When the baby's birthday comes, the baby's mother dresses herself up beautifully, then dresses the child in a set of elaborate national costumes, and then carries the child to the prepared birthday table so that the baby can "have a look" at the "playing with water" specially arranged for him. There will be some symbolic things on the table, such as cakes, sweets, food, pens, books and small guns. After all the guests arrived, the baby's mother asked the child to take anything he liked from all kinds of things on the table. When the child reached for something from the table, the guests cheered and said something to make them happy. This process is called the "ceremony" of the baby's birthday table. In some places, there is a custom that old people put an ordinary white line around their children's necks to show that they hope their children can be white like the white line and live as long as the long line.

Shampoo Festival: June 15th of the lunar calendar is the Korean Shampoo Festival. This day is considered an auspicious day. Early in the morning, men, women and children went to the river to wash their hair. It is said that it is lucky to wash your hair with the stream flowing eastward. In the evening, people will hold a shampoo banquet and sing shampoo songs at home, and then the whole family, old and young, will happily sit together and have a sumptuous dinner.

Wedding Return Etiquette: Among Korean family festivals, the most grand one is "Wedding Return Etiquette", also known as "Wedding Return Etiquette", which is the 60th anniversary of marriage. Holding a wedding festival must meet the following three conditions: First, the old couple are alive; Second, the biological child is alive; Third, no grandchildren died. If there are dead children or grandchildren, you can't hold a wedding festival. Therefore, it is a great honor for anyone to hold a wedding festival, and relatives and friends should come to congratulate them. An old couple put on their wedding dresses when they were young and helped each other to sit at the dinner table. Everyone frequently raises a glass to bless, which is more lively and grand than the wedding of young people.

June 1 day: June 1 International Children's Day has evolved into a new national festival in Yanbian. In Yanbian, people regard Children's Day as an important child-friendly activity. On June 1 day, people are often crowded, and people wear holiday clothes and flock to the park for garden activities.

In addition to traditional festivals, children's first birthday, marriage, and the elderly's sixtieth birthday are all given a big banquet to entertain guests. At that time, a cooked rooster should be put on the table first, and a red pepper should be in the rooster's mouth. The traditional dishes of the banquet are not only various, but also exquisite and gorgeous, and many foods should be made into birds and animals. Among all the ceremonial banquets, the "Huahua" banquet to congratulate the elderly on their 60th birthday is the most exquisite and grand.

Thousands of needles

"Thousand-person needle" refers to a cloth belt with pictures sewn by many people. When young people are drafted into the army, they are put on their shoulders as a symbol of defeating the enemy. This custom is related to an old legend. It is said that a long time ago, there was a rich village where people lived a free and happy life. One day, a powerful demon came and killed the villagers. The strong man in the village was eaten by it because he was not strong enough to fight it. There was a young man who was determined to get rid of this demon and looked for ways everywhere. Finally, I visited a wise man and told him that it is not enough to defeat this demon by one person, only by the wisdom and strength of 1000 people. If you want to have the wisdom and strength of 1000 people, you have to sew a needle on a young daughter-in-law or relative with a cloth belt, and then sew everyone's wisdom and strength on the belt. There is 1000 daughter-in-law (widows are naturally not allowed) to sew, which has the wisdom and strength of 1000 people and can be used in beat the devil. The young man did as the wise man said, made a "thousand-man needle" and put it on his body to fight the devil, and really defeated the devil. Therefore, the "Thousand Needles" became a symbol of the guarantee of victory, passed down from generation to generation. Whoever has a conscript will take a cloth belt and ask someone to sew these 1000 stitches for good luck.

In the wave of resisting Japan and saving the nation in modern times, it has developed again. In the 1930s, when the Japanese invaders invaded the northeast of China, many patriotic Korean women living in Yanbian, regardless of whether their families joined the army or not, held cloth belts and sewed "thousands of stitches" with each other at stations, docks and even on the streets. When sewing, he also said some words cursing the Japanese aggressors and blessing the anti-Japanese soldiers.

taboo

Koreans like to eat dog meat, but they don't eat it at weddings, funerals and festivals. Koreans respect the elderly very much, and the younger generation can't drink and smoke in front of their elders. When smoking, young people are not allowed to borrow the fire from the elderly, let alone take it, otherwise it will be regarded as disrespectful behavior; When walking with elders, young people must walk behind them. If there is something urgent, you must respectfully explain the reason to your elders. On the way, young people should respectfully stand by the side of the road to meet the face-to-face with the elderly and make way; The younger generation must use honorifics when talking to their elders, and also when meeting their peers for the first time. It is taboo to call people "fresh people".