How is the Northern Lights formed?

Aurora is most likely to appear before the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox, and it appears more frequently in spring and autumn than in Xia Dong. However, according to the data of NASA's "THEMIS" mission in 2007, the earth's position intersects with the "magnetic cable" most during the vernal equinox and autumn equinox, and this result is not due to the alternation of four seasons. [2] In addition, when there are many sunspots, the frequency of aurora is also large.

1) the convergence effect caused by the deflection of electrons from the sun near the geomagnetic field and their concentration around the magnetic pole in a spiral shape. In order to discharge through the extremely thin and coldest upper atmosphere, the magnificent luminescence phenomenon in the atmosphere is caused. The shape is arc, strip and fog, and the state is jumping, flashing and exploding. The color of aurora is usually white with green, red, yellow, blue, purple or pink, and the duration varies from several hours to several days.

(2) Why does the aurora only appear in the polar regions of the earth? It turns out that the earth has a strong magnetic field, and charged particles from the sun are influenced by the earth's magnetic field. Due to the convergence of magnetic field lines, the gas composed of these electrons and positive ions (we call it plasma) will produce an electric field along the magnetic field lines of the earth, so the electrons in the plasma will be accelerated by this electric field and enter the ionosphere at high latitudes, so only charged particles shooting at the poles can enter the upper atmosphere to produce aurora.

(3) The geomagnetic north pole is in Canada (the geomagnetic north pole is about 1200km from the geographical north pole). They intersect at about 1 1.5o at the center of the earth ...), so aurora is very common in southern Canada and northern United States, and low magnetic latitude in Siberia is rare. The northern lights can only be seen at higher magnetic latitudes, but when the intensity of solar storms is high, they can also be seen at lower magnetic latitudes. Scientists have been able to correctly predict the solar storm with a period of eleven years. A large number of charged particles produced by the solar storm rushed to the earth, and the interaction with the geomagnetic field produced brilliant northern lights. The year 2000 is the peak period of 1 1 year, which can also be seen in areas with slightly lower magnetic latitude.

(4) Located in the North Pole, it is called the Northern Lights, and located in the South Pole, it is called the Southern Lights. Like a halo on an angel's head, it is embedded in the night sky at the north and south poles of the earth. The northern lights and the southern lights sometimes appear in pairs, just like images in a mirror.