What are the customs of summer festivals?

Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, also known as Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival, May Festival, May Festival, Ai Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chung Noon Festival, Noon Festival and Summer Festival. It was originally a festival to drive away the plague, but later Qu Yuan, a poet of Chu State, threw himself into the river on the Dragon Boat Festival and became a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan.

It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of May. Trapped by dragons after death, the world mourned. He throws colorful silk zongzi into the water every day to drive away the dragon. It is also said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, the local people immediately rowed for rescue, and all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan's body was not found. It was raining at that time, and the boats on the lake gathered at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that it was to salvage the sage Dr. Qu, they went out in the rain and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to mourn, people rowed on rivers, and later it gradually developed into a dragon boat race.

On the Dragon Boat Festival, wormwood, calamus (Pujian), pomegranate and garlic are hung at the door. Usually, wormwood, banyan and calamus are tied into a bundle with red paper, and then inserted or hung on the door. Because Acorus calamus is the first of the five auspicious symbols in the sky, it symbolizes the sword to eliminate ominous, because the growing season and shape are regarded as "the breath of a hundred yin", and the leaves are sword-shaped and can be inserted at the door to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, the alchemist called it "water sword", and later the custom extended to "general sword", which can cut off all evil.

There is also the Dragon Boat Festival, where five-color silk is tied into a rope, or hung at the door, or worn around the child's neck, or tied to the child's arm, or hung on the bed curtain, cradle and so on. , which is often said to avoid disasters, protect health and prolong life. It is the same custom to wear sachets. In order to prevent diseases and keep fit, the elderly generally like to wear plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, peaches, apples, lotus flowers, dolls riding fish, dolls holding cocks, double lotus flowers and other shapes, symbolizing flowers, birds, fish and insects, all the best, conjugal love and family harmony. Children like birds and animals, such as tigers, leopards, monkeys on poles, cockfighting to get rid of them and so on. Young people are most particular about wearing sachets. If they are lovers in love, affectionate girls will carefully make one or two sachets with their own characteristics a long time ago and give them to their lovers before the festival.

Put on a river lantern.

Setting off river lanterns (also often written as "lotus lanterns") is a traditional custom of the Chinese nation, which is used to mourn the dead relatives and bless the living. "Paper boats light candles to burn the sky" is a vivid description of this custom. Ships in rivers, lakes and seas take the initiative to avoid floating canoes to show good luck.

In primitive society, limited by the understanding of nature, for a long time, people thought that fire was the source of everything, a totem of worship, a symbol of good fortune and warmth, and a god who overcame cold and hunger. In the era of fishing and hunting, people sailed out to sea and went down to the lake to avoid storms. When crossing dangerous shoals and reefs or when the wind and waves are heavy, they make bamboo boats with wooden boards, light candles for sacrifice, and make sails with colored paper to let them drift in the water, praying for peace to Poseidon. This custom is still popular among fishermen in Taiwan Province Province, Fujian Province and Guangdong Province, and is called Lantern.

In modern times, Fujian people made river lanterns out of paper, cloth, silk, plastic and metal, and floated them to Jinmen and Mazu. On the lantern wall are written greetings from family reunion, cross-strait three links, early reunification and rejuvenation of China. The lanterns are also equipped with condolence letters and gifts, which gives the river lanterns a new flavor of the times.

In some areas, river lanterns are not limited to July and a half, but also played in the Song Festival, Pottery Festival, Shangsi Festival and March Festival in March. Girls especially like this custom. They often write down their wishes for a better life in the future on holiday nights. In Jiangnan, people who have recovered from illness and their relatives make river lanterns to show off diseases and disasters, and the time is naturally not limited to July and a half.

Menstruation Festival

June 6th, please aunt. In the past, on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, rural customs invited married girls, old and young, to receive them well and then send them back.

According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a prime minister named Hu Yan in the State of Jin. He is a hero who protects and follows Wen Gong Zhong 'er into exile in other countries. He is very clever and respected by the state of Jin. Every time Hu Yan celebrates his birthday on the sixth day of June, there are always countless people giving him birthday gifts. In this way, HuYan slowly became proud. After a long time, people are not satisfied with him. However, Hu Yanquan is so powerful that people dare to get angry with him. Hu Yan's daughter and in-laws were the heroes at that time. He was disgusted with what Hu Yan had done, so he called a spade a spade. But Hu Yan refused to listen to the well-meaning words and scolded her in-laws in public. Zhao was old and weak, and soon he died. His son hates his father-in-law and is determined to avenge his father. In the second year, the summer grain in Shanxi suffered a disaster, and Hu Yan left Beijing to release grain. When he left, he said that he would definitely come back for his birthday on the sixth day of June. Hu Yan's son-in-law got the news and decided to hold a birthday party on the sixth day of June to kill Hu Yan and avenge his father. Hu Yan's son-in-law sees his wife. Ask her: "Does everyone in the world hate people like my father-in-law?" Hu Yan's daughter was also very angry with her father's behavior, so she replied smoothly: "Even you and I hate him. Why should we say others?" Her husband told the plan. On hearing this, his wife turned red and white and said, "I belong to your family, and I don't care about my mother's family." It's up to you! " Since then, Hu Yan's daughter has been in fear all day. She hates her father for being arrogant and heartless to her in-laws. But then I remembered my father's kindness, and my own daughter was not immune from destruction. She finally ran back to her mother's house on the fifth day of June and told her husband's plan. Mother was frightened and quickly wrote to Hu Yan overnight. Hu Yan's son-in-law saw his wife escape and knew that the secret was exposed. He stayed at home and waited for Hu Yan to clean himself up.

On the morning of the sixth day of June, Hu Yan personally came to her in-laws' house. When Hu Yan met his son-in-law, as if nothing had happened, Weng Xu and his wife immediately returned to the Prime Minister's office. At that year's birthday party, Hu Yan said: "I have been delivering meals all this year, witnessed the sufferings of the people, and I know that I have done something wrong in recent years. Today, my husband set me up. Although he was too vicious, he didn't do it. He did it for the people as well as for his father. I will never blame him. My daughter saved her father's crisis and did her filial piety, which is worthy of my worship. And I hope that my good husband will look at me, regardless of hatred, and the two sides will be reconciled! " Since then, Hu Yan has really changed, and Weng Xu is closer than before. In order to remember this lesson forever, Hu Yan invites her daughter and son-in-law to reunite every June 6th. The matter was publicized, and the people followed suit. They also took back their daughter on June 6, which should be good luck to eliminate disasters and avoid disasters. As we grow older, we become accustomed to each other, which has been passed down to this day. People call it "Aunt's Day".

superheat

On the Great Summer Festival, Putian people have the custom of eating litchi, mutton and rice grains, which is called "over the Great Summer". Litchi is a specialty of Putian, among which Songjiaxiang, ZhuangJustin and "Eighteen Niangs Red" are famous in ancient and modern times. Before and after the Great Summer Festival, the ripe litchi trees are fragrant for ten miles. Litchi contains a lot of glucose and vitamins and has certain nutritional value, so eating fresh litchi can nourish the body. Song Biyu's Litchi Recipe records: "Litchi should be picked with dew and soaked in cold spring. When eating, it is best to put it on a white porcelain basin with red and white colors, which can better set off the delicate colors of litchi. Evening is the best time to take a bath and take a photo of the new moon. " Therefore, according to ancient legends, on the day of the Great Summer Festival, fresh lychees are first soaked in cold well water, and then taken out and tasted carefully when the Great Summer Festival comes. At this time, eating litchi is the most pleasant and nutritious. So some people say that eating lychee in summer is as high as eating ginseng.

Warm soup mutton is one of Putian's special snacks and high-grade dishes. After slaughtering the sheep, remove the hair and dirt, turn the whole sheep over in a hot pot, pick it up and put it in a big pottery pot, then pour the boiling soup into the pot, soak it for a certain period of time and take it out for listing. When eating, cut the mutton into pieces, the meat is crisp and tender, and the taste is delicious. Mutton is warm and tonic, and it is used as both food and medicine in Xian Yi (combination of medicine and tonic). On the morning of the Summer Festival, mutton is on the market, which is in short supply.

Also, mix rice and white rice koji for fermentation and cook them thoroughly until they are bad. In summer, cut it into pieces and add some brown sugar to cook it. It is said that it can "replenish vitality". In summer, relatives and friends often give litchi and mutton as gifts.

The summer solar term is a hot day. Why do people insist on eating all these hot foods? According to the doctor, the summer solar term is in the month just after the rainy season. At this time, although the weather is hot, the summer heat dominates the yin, and the human body is vulnerable to summer dampness and even gets sick. Eating these foods can enhance the body's disease resistance and drive away summer heat and dampness.

Knowledge point tide

Tide is a periodic fluctuation phenomenon of seawater: at a certain moment, seawater adds fuel to the flames, rises rapidly and reaches a climax. After a period of time, the rising sea water receded on its own, leaving a beach and low tide. This movement phenomenon of seawater is tide. In ancient times, the water gushing from rivers and seas during the day was called "tide", and the water gushing at night was called "sunseeker", which were collectively called "tide".

With the constant observation of tidal phenomena, people gradually realize the real reason of tidal phenomena. China's ancient Yu said in his book "Preface to the Tide": "When the tide rises and falls, the sea will not increase or decrease. If the moon is covered, it will follow." Philosopher Wang Chong wrote in Lun Heng: "Tao rises and falls with the moon." It is pointed out that tides have something to do with the moon. 17 In the 1980s, after Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, he put forward the theory that "tides are caused by the attraction of the moon and the sun to seawater", which scientifically explained the causes of tides.