Appreciation of Wang Biao's White Horse

Wang Biao for a White Horse is divided into seven chapters, which shows Cao Zhi's complex feelings of fear, sadness, hatred and anger, and profoundly exposes the sharp contradictions within the ruling class.

The first chapter * * * ten sentences, write the course and mood of returning to the fief after the "social solar term". After the poet met Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei Wen, in Lu, he will return to his fief Juancheng. According to Cao Zhi, in the second year (22 1), it was renamed Juancheng Hou, and the following year it was called Emperor Juancheng Wang. Depart from Luoyang, Kyoto in the morning and pass through shouyangshan in the evening. These first four sentences are all process introductions. Then, "the labor is wide and deep, and there is no beam to help Sichuan" is meaningful. It is said that Yishui and Luoshui are both wide and deep, and they already feel that the road is difficult to walk. "No beam to help Sichuan" actually said that there is no bridge in the river, which is an insurmountable problem. Looking forward to the future, the author is unable to do so. I had to "go boating" on the waterway, but I met "Hong Tao", so I "blamed Peter for his eastward expedition": there is still a long way to go to Juancheng! This word "resentment" is not only complaining about the road, but also complaining about people, complaining about Cao Pi and his minions. "Gu Zhan's love for the city caused emotional internal injuries" is to look back at the capital during the hard journey. I don't miss xelloss in my heart, and I don't miss the activities of "welcoming solar terms", but I feel sad when I think of Cao Zhang's sudden death in Luoyang, which caused the author great indignation and even terror, so I stretched out my neck and looked at the city gate.

The second chapter * * * eight sentences, write the hardships on the way home. The poet passed through the vast Taikoo Pass, and the trees on the mountain were gloomy. The next chapter shows that the poet abandoned the ship and landed in the valley. Unfortunately, "the rain is muddy and I am on my way, flowing freely." Even if it rains heavily, the road is muddy and the water is free, walking is as difficult as rowing. The road here is difficult to walk, which means the situation is dangerous. The following "no trace halfway" is the same as the above "no beam to help Sichuan", but there is still no way to go. Here, we can appreciate the depth of the pain and threat suffered by Cao Zhi. There was Hong Tao on the water, and the valley was caught in heavy rain, so we had to divert to the hillside. However, the long slope goes straight into the sky and the road ahead is long and steep. Just then, the horse got Huang Xuan's disease again. With the aggravation of difficulties and contradictions, the journey of conquering princes in the east is full of obstacles. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in Three Difficult Poems: "I would like to cross the Yellow River, cross the ice ferry and climb Taihang Mountain", which vaguely reflects the ups and downs of Cao Zhi's life.

The third chapter * * * twelve sentences, began to directly express inner grief and indignation, and entered the core part of the poem. In this predicament, the author had to ride a sick horse, which showed that the poet lost his freedom and had no choice but to return to the fief. So "I'm depressed", depressed inside. Then he raised the question that he and his brother Cao Biao could not be reunited: "Honey is leaving home." This points out the direct reason for writing this poem. On the way, a supervisor was sent to Guan Jun, and Guan Jun told their brother to "leave home". In the past, it was often said that "the play was drunk and the messenger was robbed" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Cao Zhi). Now Cao Zhi wants to talk to Cao Biao about brotherhood on the way, but the irrigation is not allowed, and Cao Zhi hates it. Compare him to an owl, a jackal and a fly. They steal important documents, turn black and white, gossip, sow discord, gossip and speak ill of each other, thus alienating their loved ones. Of course there are unspeakable secrets and disobedience here. Due to the harsh political environment and the limitation of the rank of monarch and minister, the poet could not and dared not express his dissatisfaction with Cao Pi publicly, but only burned his anger at the supervisor who made them "dear at home". On the surface, the poet wants to repay Cao Pi, as if Cao Pi had always been kind to them, and he was "clever in making friends with them". "China is more invincible" is that they changed their mind halfway and refused to let their brothers go with them. It seems that xelloss did not explicitly let them separate. Cao Zhi's intention is clear and understandable. The poet was frightened by these snobs, depressed and indignant, and wanted to go back to Beijing for a period of time, but he had no choice but to pull up the rope and wander there.

In the fourth chapter, the poet touched the scene and felt sad on the road. Cao Zhi's wandering on the road has a bright future. He couldn't help asking, but what can I miss here? It turns out that lovesickness is endless. "Acacia" refers to the concern between brothers, that is, he misses Cao Zhang and yearns for Cao Biao. In the pain of falling into lovesickness, we are faced with autumn wind, chilly, gloomy Yuan Ye and quiet day. There is not a trace of warmth in the autumn wind, and cicadas sing in bursts, killing this desolate scenery. In addition, "the bird returns to Qiao Lin and wings to fly; Lonely animals walk in a group of ropes, and the grass is not abundant, which causes the poet's infinite sadness. Birds have forests to go to, solitary animals have groups to go to, and birds and animals still have to find their own homes. However, Cao Zhi himself has no way to go and is homeless, which leads to the feeling that people are inferior to things. This is "feeling things hurt me." Finally, I can only "take a long breath" and clap my chest and sigh. In real life, there is no future and hope.

The fifth chapter * * * 14 sentence shows Cao Zhi's mourning for Cao Zhang's sudden death and his understanding of life. This chapter talks about the root cause of writing this poem. The author knows that sighing is useless. It seems that fate arranged by heaven deliberately opposes him. This idea was caused by Cao Zhang's sudden death. Unexpectedly, my mother's younger brother died suddenly when they came to Luoyang together, and ended up with a "lonely soul flying in the old domain and a coffin sent to the capital". If Cao Zhang dies, he will feel lonely. In fact, this is the author's mentality at that time. Cao Zhang's death made Cao Zhi feel uncertain about his future and his fate was unpredictable, which inevitably led to his depression. Cao Zhang died suddenly, and the living gradually weakened. Life is like dew in the morning, it dries up as soon as the sun comes out. In old age, time flies surprisingly fast. The poet knows that he is not as long as a scholar, so he can only sigh and grieve. Cao Zhi was only 32 years old when he wrote this poem, which was in his prime. However, he actually thinks that "the year is between Sang Yu". In the last years of his life, this abnormal psychology is a reflection of his difficulty in grasping his personal destiny. "Life is like the morning dew" or "Life is like the frost" (Cao Zhi's two poems are sent home) is a popular concept among literati in the late Han Dynasty. "Nineteen Ancient Poems Driving to the East Gate" has "the vast yin and yang move, and life is like the morning dew. Life is suddenly like mail, life is not solid, but it is much more superficial than Cao Zhi's grief and indignation.

Chapter VI * * * 12 sentences, the poet consoled Cao Biao with heroic words. The poem in the last chapter shows the grief and indignation caused by Cao Zhang's death, which is touching and makes people cry. However, it is useless to indulge in sadness. Cao Zhi clearly knew that "my heart was full of pity and touched my soul", but he resolutely "abandoned Mo" and left, unable to fall into the abyss of sadness and extricate himself. The poet pulled himself together and encouraged Cao Pi with the grandiloquence of "Wan Li is still close to its neighbors". The famous poem "However, when China keeps our friendship, heaven will still be our neighbor" by Wang Bo, a poet in the Tang Dynasty ("Send Du Shaofu to the middle of Shu") was inspired by Cao Zhi. The mood changes from low to high, which makes the artistic conception of the poem cheerful and heroic. The following "love is not a loss, it is a distant day." There is no need to be considerate. Worrying about the sky is a disease, and nothing is the benevolence of a child "is an inspiration to Cao Biao. Tell him that if the friendship between brothers is not weakened, the feelings will get closer and closer in the distance. It doesn't have to be like Jiang of the later Han Dynasty holding your arm. Your brother often has to fall asleep to show affection. The implication is, don't mind if there are no colleagues on this trip. If you get sick because of this, you will lose your masculinity and indulge in the love of your children. This is the same as the poem "Why are you wandering at the fork in the road, children * * * stained with towels" in Wang Bo's poem quoted above. That's true, but the poet still can't completely extricate himself from the heavy grief and indignation, so the last two sentences are "eager to be affectionate, can you not suffer?" "Emotion plummets, Cao Zhang's sudden death, and the resulting terrorist shadow of his brother's murder will never be forgotten and eliminated.

In the last chapter, * * * 12, the poet's doubts about fate and his denial of immortals are all expressed in the deep feelings of sending poems to bid farewell. The author spent the rest of his life in prison, vulnerable to criticism, with no fun in life and no hope in the future. After this "Sun Festival" and the difficulties encountered on his way back to China, he had a profound understanding of the contradictions within the ruling class and the cruelty of the power struggle between the flesh and blood. I used to think that fate was bad, "fate is against me"; Now I know that "the letter of fate is suspicious." He seems to realize that what happened to him is not the arrangement of providence, but the product of human struggle. As for the immortals, they have been deceiving people for a long time. During the Jian 'an period at the end of Han Dynasty, the wind of seeking immortals was very strong, and half of Cao Cao's poems were about the immortal world. Cao Zhi also has many poems about immortals. Nineteen Ancient Poems Driving the East Gate, which was produced earlier than Jian 'an, also has the expression that "seeking immortality by eating is mostly caused by medicine". Cao Zhi's understanding of immortal nothingness is a kind of consciousness. Cao Zhi thinks that "disaster comes from the mouth", and the tragedy of Cao Zhang's sudden death will happen instantly. Then, life is a hundred years, and no one can grasp it. Cao Pi may harm him at any time, so he said, "Farewell, when shall we shake hands?" Otherwise, there will be no sense of farewell if you break up with your little brother. In the author's view, this is the moment where you will go. I can only wish each other care and good luck. The poet and the white horse king Cao Biao finally parted in tears.

The poem "White Horse Going to Wang Biao" directly reflects Cao Zhi's hatred and indignation towards Cao Pi's eagle dog minions, but in fact it is a protest against his brother Cao Pi's cruel persecution of their brothers.

This poem is another lyric poem after Qu Yuan's Lisao in the history of China literature. The main body of the poem is ***80 sentences with 400 words. Its length, skillful structure and deep feelings are rare in classical literary works. The whole poem is magnificent in spirit and rigorous in structure. Cao Zhang's death enveloped the whole article like a shadow, creating a tragic atmosphere, which was repeated in the preface and chapters 1, 5, 6 and 7, highlighting the serious consequences of this incident. The "three noes" in the middle, that is, "no beam to help Sichuan", "no trace halfway" and "no way to return", link the author's despair and mood with grief and indignation, making the whole poem an organic whole.

The seamless structure of the whole poem is closely related to the use of pulleys between chapters. The pulley body is the "top truth" in rhetoric, which requires the same words to be used paragraph by paragraph or sentence by sentence. In the ancient Book of Songs, there are two books: Daya Wangwen and Daya Drunk. This form is used in Yuefu poems Ping Ling East and Xizhou Qu. Wang Biao, the White Horse, used pulleys in the first and second chapters (the ancient poetry source regarded the first and second chapters as one chapter). For example, the last sentence of the second chapter is "My Ma Xuanhuang", and the first sentence of the third chapter is "Xuanhuang can still enter"; The last sentence of chapter 3 is "Don't waste time", and the first sentence of chapter 4 is "Why waste time?" This method can make the article compact in structure, clear in paragraphs and convenient for people to remember and recite.

The lyric way of this poem also changes from time to time, from time to time, from time to time, from time to time, from time to time, from time to time, from time to time, from time to time, from time to time, from time to time, from lyric to narrative and scenery writing. "Elo is broad and deep, and I want to help Sichuan without beams", "Lin Yu mud my way, flowing", seemingly narrative, but actually lyrical. The fourth chapter is lyrical with scenery, which is thought-provoking and intriguing. The chilling, returning birds and solitary beasts in the poem are all the portrayal of the poet himself. Yuan Ye, which is deserted and empty in autumn, is also an image representation of the poet's political environment at that time.

In addition, the appropriate metaphor is also one of the characteristics of this poem. The author compares the prison messenger to "owl", "jackal" and "fly", which is vivid and incisive. These metaphors can not only receive strong artistic effects, but also avoid giving orders to others. Liu Yiqing: Wei Wendi is jealous of his younger brother Xiaozhuang as the Lord. Because he played Weiqi in the Queen Mother Bian pavilion and vomited jujube, Wendi put poison in the jujube stalk and chose the edible one. Wang then mixed in. Because she was poisoned, the Queen Mother asked for water to save her. The emperor planned to destroy all the bottles and jars, and when the queen mother rushed to the well, there was nothing to draw. In an instant, he was dead. After trying to harm Dong 'a again, the Queen Mother said, "You can't kill Dong 'a again if you kill me for the city! (Shi Shuo Xin Yu)

Liu Kezhuang: When the king was in awe, he didn't protect himself. Purple sword's poems are sad and generous, with unspeakable sadness. The so-called "flies are white and black, and cleverness makes relatives rare." Built for irrigation in past dynasties, there is no intention to blame my brother. Those who deal with interpersonal changes should regard it as law. (Hou Hua, Volume 1)

Wang Shizhen: Every time I go to the chapter "Sacrifice to Heaven", I can't go through dozens of times. I'm tragic, I'm excusable, and I have everything. (Yi Yan Yuan Yan)

Xu: Zi Jian's "To a White Horse King" has a dignified poetic style and elegant language. He saw the merits of the author and read it when he was young, but he didn't know it. Yuan Mei called it "tragic and grand, excusable, and everything is ready" (Volume 4 of "Distinguishing the Style of Poetry")

Lu Shiyong: The feeling of worry and the feeling of parting are connected by flesh and blood, among which there is the most secret feeling. Reading his poems today, I still feel more generous than prepared, and I am eager to express my feelings, which is true. This is called a master. (The Mirror of Ancient Poetry, Volume 5)

He Chao: Yin Si, Xiaoya. Five words can be compared with this article. What about Evonne's sadness and anger? Why record this and waste that? ("Yimen Reading Secretary")

Zhang: this topic is divorced from the white horse king, just right. Farewell to Ren's death is meaningless. Don't wake up in death, it always does. (Appreciation of Ancient Poetry)

Fang: This poem is magnificent. Direct, direct present, straightforward, gloomy, depressed, tragic. Different from the above empty theory, Du Gong School was founded. ("Zhao Wei Zhan Yan" Volume 2)