How to find foreign literature?

In which direction should you write your literature review? Did the teacher agree to the topic? Are there any specific requirements? How many words do you need?

Can you tell me the specific typesetting format requirements? If you want to write a good literature review, you must first find relevant materials in the library and determine the topic selection and writing direction. After the teacher agreed, I was writing. If you don't know anything, you can ask me directly. I hope I can help you, and I wish you a smooth writing process.

How to carry out literature review

First of all, we should distinguish between "literature review" and "background description". When we choose to study the problem, we need to know the background and context of the problem, such as "the development course of semiconductor industry in China" and "the policies and problems of foreign governments in developing semiconductor industry". These contents belong to "background description" and focus on practical problems. Strictly speaking, they are not "literature review". "Literature review" is the arrangement of academic viewpoints and theoretical methods. Secondly, literature review is critical (review is "comment"), so we should summarize and comment on the literature with the author's own critical thinking, not just "piling up" academic research in related fields. The main line of comments should be based on the question, that is, how do other scholars view and solve your questions, and whether their methods and theories are flawed? If other scholars have solved your problem perfectly, there is no need to repeat the research.

Understand the significance of literature review, now talk about how to do literature review. Although it is a responsible research attitude to collect information as widely as possible, it is easy to lead people into the quagmire of literature without standards.

Tip 1: aim at the mainstream. Mainstream literature, such as core journals, classic works, research reports of full-time departments, opinions and discussions of important compounds, etc. , is a "compulsory course" for literature review. Most of the related reports or comments in the mass media, though somewhat valuable, can be simplified due to the limited time and energy. How to find out the mainstream in this field? It is suggested to start with the following aspects: first, Chinese and foreign academic journals in the library should "follow the trail" after finding one or two "classic" articles and pay attention to references. High-quality academic articles usually do not ignore the mainstream and classic literature in this field. Secondly, we can find some early classic documents by using China periodical network, foreign periodical database retrieval and foreign back issue reading room of school library. Third, the national library. Some social science books published in the 1970s and 1980s or even earlier are often not collected by school libraries, but there are quite a few national maps (all books published in China must be submitted to the National Library). In addition, the national map also contains many foreign books about China's politics and government, which can be easily found on the Internet.

Tip 2: organize at any time, such as classifying documents, recording document information and collection locations. It takes a long time to write a doctoral thesis. Some documents may not be used at that time, but they can't be found afterwards, so sometimes they need to be recorded. Servant Luo has accumulated a list of books to study the policy process in China, specifically recording the book classification number and collection place. At the same time, for particularly important documents, you might as well make a reading note and extract important viewpoints and expositions. In this way, one step at a time, when I really started writing my thesis, I accumulated a lot of "dry goods" that I could enjoy at any time.

Tip 3: Organize the literature review according to the problems. After reading some documents, we have a strong desire to state everything we see, like "spill the beans from the bamboo tube", which is magnificent and spectacular. It seems that I must prove to the readers that I have worked hard. I wrote a literature review of hundreds of thousands of words, and later found that only a few thousand words were really meaningful. Literary criticism is like opening a path in the jungle of literature. This road is intended to point to the problem we want to solve. Of course, the straight line distance is the shortest and the most convenient. However, there are many scenery along the way, and people who are obsessed with scenery often bypass the winding jungle. On the other hand, "flowers are getting lost" and "winding paths lead to seclusion" are nowhere to be found. Therefore, when doing literature review, we should always keep a clear head: what problems I want to solve, how others solve them, and whether what I said makes sense.

In which direction are you going to write a literary review of the midday news? Did the teacher agree to the topic? Are there any specific requirements? How many words do you need?

Can you tell me the specific typesetting format requirements? If you want to write a good literature review, you must first find relevant materials in the library and determine the topic selection and writing direction. After the teacher agreed, I was writing. If you don't know anything, you can ask me directly. I hope I can help you, and I wish you a smooth writing process.

Third, how to write the opening report

The problem is clear, the literature review is done, and the opening report is ready. The same is true, a clear question often implies the basic conclusion of the paper; Comments on the shortcomings of the existing literature also basically suggest the direction of improvement. The opening report is to clearly show the logical reasoning of these implied conclusions and argumentation conclusions.

The purpose of writing the opening report is to ask teachers and experts to help us judge whether this problem has research value, whether this research method is possible, and whether this argument logic has obvious defects. Therefore, the main contents of the opening report should be carried out in the following aspects: research purpose and significance, literature review and theoretical space, basic arguments and research methods, data collection methods and work steps. Among them, "basic arguments and research methods" is the focus. Many people often spend a lot of ink on literature review, but when it comes to their own research methods, they just say a few words and pass by. In this case, how does the judging teacher judge your research prospects? How to give practical guidance and suggestions on your own research methods?

The research methods of different topics are quite different. A rigorous and standardized academic research must be supported by rigorous and standardized methods. In the daily teaching of doctoral courses, some teachers are committed to teaching research methods; Others emphasized the problem of methodology. All these are beneficial for each of us to improve our understanding, understanding, selection and application of research methods and put them into practice in our own thesis work.

I. Literature review

Literature review is a style different from research papers, which is composed of understanding, sorting, comprehensive analysis and evaluation after researchers read the literature on a certain topic in advance. The purpose of the review is to reflect the new level, new trends, new technologies and new discoveries of a certain discipline. From its history to present situation, existing problems and development trend, we should make a comprehensive introduction and comment. On this basis, I put forward my own opinions, predict the development trend of technology, and lay a good foundation for topic selection and opening.

Second, the format of literature review

The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because the research papers focus on the research methods and results, while the literature review introduces the detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments related to the theme. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.

The preface mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and definitions, outlines the scope, and briefly explains the current situation or focus of debate of related topics, so that readers can have a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.

The theme part is the main body of the summary, and the writing methods are diverse and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order and compared from different angles according to different problems. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted, analyzed and compared, and the historical background, present situation and development direction of related topics and comments on these issues should be made clear. In the theme part, we should pay special attention to representative, scientific and creative references and comments.

The summary part, similar to the summary of the research paper, briefly summarizes the theme of the full text, puts forward my own opinions and predicts the further development direction.

Third, the provisions of literature review.

1. In order to make the topic report have sufficient basis, master students are required to make a literature review before opening the topic.

2. In the literature review, graduate students should systematically consult the domestic and foreign literature related to their own research direction. Usually read no less than 30 articles.

3. In the literature review, graduate students should explain the development history of their research direction, the main research achievements of predecessors, existing problems and development trends.

4. Literature review should be clear and concise.

5. Use data appropriately and reasonably. The document quotation is enclosed in square brackets "[]" and placed in the upper right corner of the quotation.

6. I have my own opinions and opinions on literature review. Encourage graduate students to find more problems, ask more questions, and point out possible ways to analyze and solve problems.