Lunar calendar and solar calendar

The difference between lunar calendar and solar calendar is more popular: the solar calendar is the date of a month in the calendar. That is the calendar on which you go to school, work, etc.

The lunar calendar is usually the first day of a month, or a calendar for calculating solar terms or traditional festivals.

Want to know the scientific explanation of solar calendar and lunar calendar, please attach the following encyclopedia website:

Gregorian calendar: baike.baidu/view/284

Lunar calendar: baike.baidu/view/23598

What do lunar calendar and solar calendar mean respectively? Lunar calendar, solar calendar, yin and yang calendar

Human life and production are always inseparable from time and space. How to remember, express clearly to others or even accurately record an event or phenomenon requires a fixed method, which is the problem of Gregorian year, Gregorian month, Gregorian day and Gregorian calendar.

It is easy to observe a day consisting of sunrise, sunset and day-night cycle. The longer the moon, the longer the month and the longer the year. After long-term observation, it is found that the full period and short period of the moon (the first month of the lunar calendar) are about 30 or 29 days, and the seasonal period (the tropic year) is about 365 or 366 days. If we don't follow these standards, but take the orientation of the sun and the moon in the stellar background of the celestial sphere as the standard, then in astronomy, there are also sidereal months (shorter than the moon) and sidereal years (slightly older than the regression). Others include the near-point month and the intersection month, so I won't talk about it here.

Year, month and day are endless cycles. Originally, there was no beginning or end, but for convenience, people always designated a beginning. Different nationalities, different regions and different times have different regulations, so the problem of mutual conversion between the beginning of the year and the beginning of the month arises.

There are several ways to calculate the beginning of a day, such as dawn, pingdan, sunset and midnight.

There are several ways to calculate the beginning of a month, such as starting from the full moon and starting from the appearance of the new moon.

At the beginning of a year, there are many calculation methods, such as winter solstice, vernal equinox, and other signs.

The most troublesome problem is that a new moon is not exactly thirty days, but a little over twenty-nine and a half days. But in real life, we can't divide a day into two halves, so that the upper part belongs to last month and the lower part of the same day belongs to the next month. That's too inconvenient. If 365 days of a year are defined as 12 months ***354 days, there is still 1 1 day left. There is no common multiple between 29.5309 days of the moon and 365.2422 days of the Tropic of Cancer, so a cycle cannot be formed. What should we do?

It is precisely because of the different ways to deal with these problems that various calendars have appeared in the world. To sum up, there are only three kinds: lunar calendar, solar calendar and combined calendar of yin and yang. The first two only care about one end, and the third is to take care of both ends.

Let's talk about the lunar calendar first. Simply put, it is based on the cycle of the moon. The so-called "simplicity" means only caring about the moon, regardless of seasonal changes such as climate change caused by the relationship between the sun and the earth. The moon is also called "lunar calendar", so this calendar is called "lunar calendar" for short. When the moon and the sun are just on both sides of the earth, the soft moonlight shines on the sleeping earth all night. The most round moment of the moon is called "full moon", also called "looking". Because the moon is always in motion; Therefore, strictly speaking, the real "lookout" is only a very short moment. For an instant, ordinary people can't observe such subtle changes. Usually, the whole day including the real "lookout" is called "lookout" day, or simply "lookout", which is the most obvious astronomical phenomenon that can be easily observed. On the contrary, when the moon is between the sun and the earth, people can't see any images of the moon at all. This day is called "New Moon". Astronomy refers to the moment when the longitude of the ecliptic of the moon coincides with the longitude of the ecliptic of the sun. Astronomers call the period of moon phase change, that is, the length of time from new moon to new moon or from looking to looking, "Shuowangyue", and the Tibetan calendar is called tshes-zla, which can also be translated as "lunar month". Many years' observation shows that the length of Wang Shuo's moon is not fixed, and its average length is 29 days 12 hours and 44 minutes, that is, 29.5306 days, which is very important data for making calendars and must be firmly remembered. It can be roughly recorded as 29 and a half days.

? The most typical lunar calendar is the "monthly calendar" in the * * * calendar (different from the "palace calendar" used in agriculture), which was called "* * * calendar" in ancient China. It always takes twelve months as a year, with an average of 29.5 days per month and 354 days in twelve months. At the end of leap year, 355 days plus 10 days, and there is no leap month.

? In addition, we know that human life and production, especially in temperate regions of the earth, are closely related to the climate change of warm spring, hot summer, cool autumn and cold winter. This year consists of four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. It is called "tropic year", that is, the cycle of the sun from highest to lowest, and then from lowest to highest ... >>

Does the lunar calendar refer to the lunar calendar or the solar calendar? Lunar calendar, of course. Lunar calendar, also known as lunar calendar, mainly refers to the calendar arranged according to the moon phase cycle in astronomy. The calendar of the moon's one-week orbit around the earth (taking the sun as the reference object, the actual moon's orbit is more than one week) is January, that is, the first month of the lunar calendar is used as the basis for determining the calendar month, and a year is twelve calendar months. In agrometeorology, the lunar calendar is commonly known as lunar calendar, lunar calendar, ancient calendar and old calendar, which refers to the traditional summer calendar in China. Astronomically speaking, the summer calendar is actually a kind of lunar calendar.

How many days is the difference between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar? About 1 month, and it is different every year.

Which is more scientific, the lunar calendar or the solar calendar? The solar calendar, also called the Gregorian calendar, comes from the west. For example, when calculating the constellation, it is calculated according to the solar calendar (Gregorian calendar). The lunar calendar, also called the lunar calendar, comes from China. For example, the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Chinese Valentine's Day and Spring Festival are all counted according to the lunar calendar. New Year's Day, Valentine's Day (2. 14), Christmas, National Day, Army Day and the birthday of the Party are all calculated according to the Gregorian calendar. Their main difference is that the solar calendar is international, while the lunar calendar is unique to China. The solar calendar takes one year for the earth to make a circle around the sun. ***365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 minutes. An average year is only an integer of 365 days, not a mantissa. The solar calendar is divided into 12 months, 3 1 day for the big month, 30 days for the small month, and only 28 days in February. It is also stipulated that before July, a single month is a big month and a double month is a small month; After August, two months are big months and one month is small months. The remaining 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds each year, there is only one day in about four years, and this day is added in February of the fourth year. This year is called leap year, so February in leap year has 29 days. In the lunar calendar, the moon is full and short for one month, ***29 and a half days. For the convenience of calculation, the big moon is customized for 30 days and the small moon is customized for 29 days. During the period of 65438+mid-February of a year, generally, large and small months are arranged alternately. There are about 365 days in the lunar calendar year, and there is no difference between a normal year and a leap year. The lunar calendar does not consider the movement of the earth around the sun, so the changes of the four seasons in the lunar calendar have no fixed time and cannot reflect the seasons, which is a great shortcoming. In order to overcome this shortcoming, people later decided on a new calendar, which is the so-called yin-yang desk calendar. The summer calendar (also called lunar calendar or lunar calendar) still in use in China is this kind of lunar calendar. Like the lunar calendar, it customizes a month according to the time when the moon wanes, that is, 30 days in the big month and 29 days in the small month, but it also adopts the method of adding leap months to make the average number of days in a year close to that in the solar calendar to adjust the four seasons. The lunar calendar has a leap month every two or three years.

Lunar calendar and solar calendar are the same day. How many years do you usually have? Every 19 years, the birthday of the Gregorian calendar is the same day.

This situation is mainly the result of the leap of the lunar calendar. 19 Why is there a coincidence? The number of days in each month in the lunar calendar is determined according to the cycle of the moon. In fact, the average number of days per month is 29.5306. If multiplied by 12, there are only 354.3672 days in a year. One revolution of the earth around the sun (tropical year and solar year) is 365.2422 days, so the lunar year 1 the actual number of days is less than that of the sun 10.875 days, almost 1 1 day, 19 is 209 days less.

209 days divided by 30 is 6.9666, that is to say, 19 years, the lunar calendar is almost 7 months shorter than the solar calendar. In order to make the difference between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar not too much, it is necessary to make up these seven months.

In fact, the lunar calendar in China is a typical lunar calendar, which is formulated in consideration of the movement cycle of the moon around the earth and the movement cycle of the earth around the sun. This is a calendar in which the lunar calendar and the solar calendar overlap. In order to make up for these seven months, people adopt the method of setting leap months in the lunar calendar-seven leap months in nineteen years, that is, the nineteenth year of the lunar calendar, and 12 is the average year, every 65438. Plus seven leap years (3, 5, 8, 1 1, 14, 17, 19), every 1 leap year has 13 months.

In this way, the number of days in the 19 solar year is almost equal to the number of days in the 19 lunar year. Therefore, whenever the birthday is 19 or 19 multiplied by the age, there is a chance that the solar calendar birthday and the lunar calendar birthday are on the same day.

I don't know if I remember 200 1, the National Day of the Gregorian calendar 10 and the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month are the same day. Further, the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival of 19 and 1982 also coincide; Further on, the Mid-Autumn Festival of 19 and 1963 is 10, and the difference is only 1 day-whether it is a lunar month or a solar year, their exact days are not integers but decimals, and the days of the lunar calendar and the days of 19 of the solar calendar are still slightly different. Decades or even hundreds of years later,

What is the solar calendar? Is it the same as the lunar calendar? The solar calendar is different from the lunar calendar. At present, there are two kinds of calendars used in China: solar calendar (also called solar calendar) and lunar calendar (also called lunar calendar). The Gregorian calendar defines a year as 365 days, which is 0.2422 days shorter than the tropical year, and it is called a normal year. So the difference of four years is 23 hours 15 minutes and 4 seconds (5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds ×4), which is close to 1. Add 44 minutes and 56 seconds every four years and 3 days, 2 hours, 53 minutes and 20 seconds every 400 years (44 minutes and 56 seconds × 100). So we have to add three days every 400 years. In order to facilitate the calculation, the rules of four-year leap, one-hundred-year leap and four-hundred-year leap are formulated.

At present, there are Gregorian calendar (also called solar calendar) and lunar calendar (also called lunar calendar) in use in China. According to the needs of agricultural production, the lunar calendar is adopted. The lunar calendar is sometimes1February and sometimes1March, but one month in1March is called leap month, such as leap July and leap March. It is not included in the normal month series. Because the 12 moon is 354.3672 days (29.5306× 12), which is different from the tropic year by 1 1 day, there will be 30 days more after three years, so a leap month will be added after three years to eliminate this error. If seven leap months are inserted into 19, it is almost equal to 19 tropical year, that is, 19 leap months. This discovery predates the ancient Greeks 160 years.

The solar calendar is based on the revolution of the earth around the sun, the lunar calendar is based on the moon, and the yin-yang calendar is based on both.

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Why do China have lunar and solar calendars? The full name of the lunar calendar is "lunar calendar" or "pure lunar calendar". The lunar calendar is based on the cycle of the moon, which is the new moon. Because the ancients called the moon "lunar calendar", it was called "lunar calendar" for short. It is difficult to determine the exact date of the lunar calendar, but judging from the Oracle bones in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the lunar calendar was quite popular in the Yin Dynasty.

The main feature of the lunar calendar is that the length of the calendar month is determined according to the astronomical phenomena, that is, the phase of the moon, and the average length of the calendar month is roughly the same as that of Wang Shuoyue. 5306 days, etc. The length of a year is only an integer multiple of a calendar month, which has nothing to do with the tropical year. Therefore, the month of the lunar calendar has nothing to do with the four seasons. The date of the lunar calendar indicates a certain moon phase, that is, the first day is the new moon, that is, the new moon; The fifteenth, sixteenth or seventeenth is the full moon, which means hope; The seventh and eighth days are the first quarter moon; Twenty-two and twenty-three are the last quarter moons, and it is very convenient for the ancients to judge the date by the phase of the moon. The change of the moon phase is the easiest astronomical phenomenon to see, so most of the calendars in various countries have the lunar calendar first and then the solar calendar. However, because the lunar calendar has nothing to do with the tropical year, it is not harmonious with agricultural production and people's daily life, and it was gradually eliminated. Nowadays, except for a few countries that still use a lunar calendar called "hijri" for religious reasons, all other countries have given up.

In addition,. 19 12 after China adopted the Gregorian calendar to arrange the months, people called it the Gregorian calendar, while the traditional summer calendar coexisting with the people was popularly called the lunar calendar.

The solar calendar is also called Gregorian calendar, solar calendar, new calendar and western calendar. This is the 1582 calendar implemented by Pope Gregory XIII. A year later, the Gregorian calendar replaced the Roman emperor julius in 42 BC. Caesar's "julian calendar" (the old calendar). The solar calendar takes one year as the time for the earth to go around the sun. Its length is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. Because it is not an integer, in order to balance the length, some years are 366 days, called "leap year"; Some years are 365 days and are called "average years". This calendar has an error of about three days every 10,000 years, which is three days less than that in old julian calendar every 400 years.

Because this calendar depends on the distance between the earth and the sun, its "24 solar terms" are fixed: the solar terms in the first half of the year are mostly on the 6th and 2 1 of each month, and in the second half of the year, they are mostly on the 8th and 23rd of each month, even if the difference is only one or two days.

The western calendar was introduced into China by Italian missionary Matteo Ricci during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1580). Matteo Ricci's Tai Xi Li belongs to julian calendar. The "calendar" implemented by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolutionized the lunar calendar in China. It adopts the solar calendar, but it has also been revised. The "calendar" includes the original "branches and branches" in China and the "worship" (week) in the solar calendar, which can be described as a combined calendar of yin and yang. "Calendar" is a special calendar with revolutionary spirit in China calendar. After the Revolution of 1911, from New Year's Day of 19 12, the calendar of the Republic of China and the solar calendar were adopted. 1On September 27th, 949, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference decided: "People's Republic of China (PRC) adopts AD in calendar years". Since then, China has also adopted the calendar.

Is it a lunar calendar or a solar calendar? Which is faster, the lunar calendar or the lunar calendar? What are the lunar and solar calendars? The lunar calendar is the opposite of the lunar calendar, which is the season in China, and the solar calendar is recognized as the quarter in the world.

How are the lunar and solar calendars formed? The lunar calendar in astronomy mainly refers to the calendar arranged according to the cycle of the moon phase [1]. The calendar of the moon's one-week orbit around the earth (taking the sun as the reference object, the actual moon's orbit is more than one week) is January, that is, the first month of the lunar calendar is used as the basis for determining the calendar month, and a year is twelve calendar months. In agrometeorology, the lunar calendar is commonly known as lunar calendar, lunar calendar, ancient calendar and old calendar, which refers to the traditional summer calendar in China. Gregorian calendar [1] in astronomy, it refers to a calendar arranged mainly according to the annual movement of the sun. It has about 365 days in a year. The solar calendar is based on the running cycle of the direct point of the sun, and its average calendar year is the tropic year. There are two kinds of calendar years, one is the normal year, the other is the leap year, and the leap year is only one day away from the normal year.

The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Gregorian calendar, is now the Gregorian calendar. Because there are 365.24 1995438+074 days in a year, instead of just 365 days, there is a leap year every four years, which is February plus the 29th day. After a leap of four years, it has been revised to 365.25, but there is still an error, so one leap year is subtracted every hundred years, that is, there are no leap years such as 1700, 1800, 1900, and it is revised to 365.24. Finally, a leap year is added every 400 years, that is,1600,2000,2400 has a leap year, and finally it is revised to 365.2425. There is still an error of 0.0003, which takes about 3000 years a day, so it is very accurate.

The solar calendar, also known as the solar calendar, is a calendar based on the movement cycle of the earth around the sun. The Gregorian calendar year is approximately equal to the tropic year, one year 12 months. This "month" has nothing to do with the first lunar month. The month and date of the solar calendar are very consistent with the position of the sun on the ecliptic. According to the date of the solar calendar, we can clearly see the changes of cold and warm seasons in a year. But every month, you can't see the new moon, the new moon, the new moon.

At present, the Gregorian calendar, which is commonly used in the world, is a solar calendar, with 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a leap year, once every four years, once in a hundred years and once again in the 400th year, that is, there are 97 leap years every 400 years. The average length of the Gregorian calendar is only 26 seconds away from the tropic year, and it takes only one day to accumulate 3300 years.

At present, the popular Gregorian calendar in the world is the most familiar Gregorian calendar. This calendar is saturated with the civilization created by human beings for thousands of years. It was learned by the ancient Romans from the Egyptians and spread all over the world with the expansion of the Roman Empire and the rise of Christianity.