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The source of the spring festival

Spring Festival is the most distinctive traditional festival in China. It marks the end of the Lunar New Year.

A new year has begun. People will bid farewell to the cold and monotonous winter and usher in a vibrant spring.

The Spring Festival was originally called "New Year's Day", and Du Taiqing of Sui Dynasty said in "Five Candles Collection": "The first month is the end of the month, and one day is Yuan Day, which is also a cloudy month." The original meaning of "yuan" is "head" and later extended to "start" Because this day is the first day of the year, the first day of spring and the first day of the first month, it is called "Sanyuan". Because this day is still the old dynasty, the moon dynasty and the Japanese dynasty, it is also called the "three dynasties"; Because it is the first Shuori, it is also called "Yuanshuo". Song and Wu explained in Meng Lianglu: "The first day of the first month is called New Year's Day". In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, the word "Dan" is interpreted as "seeing one day, one day, the earth." It means that the sun has just risen from the horizon, which means morning. Because it means the first morning of a year and the first morning of the first month respectively, it is called "New Year's Day" and "Zheng Dan".

In addition to the above titles, the Spring Festival is also called "Opening Year", "Opening Year", "Fragrant Year" and "Chinese New Year", among which "New Year's Day" is the most common and the longest.

Because the calendars of different dynasties are different, the seasons of New Year's Day are also different. The ancient calendar in China is a combination of yin and yang, so the position of the sun and the moon should be considered at the same time. Therefore, when determining New Year's Day, we must first determine that it is in a certain season, and then choose the new moon close to this season as New Year's Day. Because one year old is not equal to 12 lunar calendar, the difference is about 1 1 day, so it is necessary to set a leap month every three years to adjust the season. Astronomers in ancient China once came up with a simple way to judge the relationship between the month sequence and the season, that is, to determine the month sequence according to the direction of the barrel handle in the evening, which is called December architecture. From north to east, the ground is divided into 12 directions. In the evening, the barrel handle refers to the month of the month, and its sub-month, ugly month and silver moon are equivalent to November, December and January respectively.

China is an ancient multi-ethnic country. According to their own cultural traditions and customs, different nationalities in different historical periods have determined their own New Year's Day, that is, to change "Zhengshuo" to the first day of the first month. Emperor Zhuan Xu and Xia Dynasty took the first month of Meng Chun as the yuan, that is, they used Yin Jian's summer calendar and took the first day of the first lunar month as New Year's Day. The Shang Dynasty used the ugly lunar calendar, with the first day of the twelfth lunar month as New Year's Day. The Zhou dynasty used the weekly calendar, which was completed, and the first day of November in the lunar calendar was New Year's Day. The Qin dynasty used the Qin calendar to build the sea, with the first day of the lunar calendar as New Year's Day; In the early Western Han Dynasty, the Qin calendar was still in use. In the first year of Liang Wudi Taichu (104), it was changed to the calendar created by Sima Qian and Luo, and the summer calendar was re-used, with the first day of the first lunar month as New Year's Day. In the future, except for Wang Mang, the lunar calendar was once used to build ugliness, and after Emperor Wu of the Tang Dynasty and Su Zong, the Zhou calendar was used to build children. All previous dynasties used the summer calendar until the end of the Qing Dynasty.

The word "Spring Festival" has different meanings in different historical periods. In the Han Dynasty, people called the first beginning of spring among the 24 solar terms "Spring Festival". In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people called the whole spring "Spring Festival".

After the victory of the Revolution of 1911, in order to "adapt to the farming season" and "facilitate statistics", the Nanjing Provisional Government stipulated that people should use the summer calendar, and institutions, factories, mines, schools and organizations should adopt the Gregorian calendar, with Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day as New Year's Day. However, most people refer to Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day as "Gregorian year" and still refer to the first day of the first lunar month as "New Year's Day".

1 September 27th, 949, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference adopted the Gregorian calendar era, and the Gregorian calendar 1 month1day was designated as New Year's Day. Because the first day of the first lunar month is usually around beginning of spring, the first day of the first lunar month is designated as the Spring Festival.

Spring Festival generally refers to New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month. However, among the people, the traditional Spring Festival refers to the sacrificial ceremony from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month or the 23rd to the 15th day of the first lunar month in La Worship, culminating in New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month.

The Spring Festival is a traditional festival, and the Han nationality and most ethnic minorities in China hold various activities to celebrate it. The main contents of these activities are offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, paying homage to ancestors, saying goodbye to the old year and welcoming the new year, and praying for a bumper harvest. The activities are rich and colorful, with strong national characteristics.