What are the natural disasters in the mountains? Ask for some protection knowledge about these disasters! Urgent! ! !

In view of the notice of waterproof disaster issued by manager Du, the protective measures for various natural disasters are now sorted out and released. I hope everyone will study hard and avoid being hurt!

I. What is a flood?

Flood refers to the disaster that the runoff flowing into the river exceeds its flood discharge capacity due to concentrated rainstorm or long-term rainfall, overflows the embankment or causes the dam to burst, resulting in flooding.

The floods in Zhejiang Province are mostly from June to September. During the rainy season from mid-June to mid-July and the typhoon season from mid-July to September, floods are prone to occur, causing farmland to be flooded, villages to be washed away, houses to collapse, property to be damaged, and even casualties.

Second, how to guard against and save yourself when a flood breaks out.

(A) the preparations before the flood

Before the flood comes, we should try our best to make corresponding preparations.

1. According to the flood information provided by local TV, radio and other media, combined with their own location and conditions, calmly choose the best route to evacuate, so as to avoid the passive situation of "people arrive first and there is no water".

2. Recognize the road signs, clarify the evacuation route and destination, and avoid going the wrong way because of panic.

3. Self-protection measures:

● Prepare enough fast food or cooked food for several days, and prepare enough drinking water and daily necessities.

● Tie rafts and bamboo rafts, collect materials suitable for floating, such as wooden pots, wood and large pieces of foam plastic, and process them into life-saving devices for emergencies.

● Inconvenient valuables are buried underground or placed in high places after waterproof binding. Small valuables such as tickets and jewelry can be sewn into clothes and carried around.

● Keep communication equipment that can still be used.

(2) self-help when the flood comes

1. When the flood comes, people who have no time to move should quickly move to nearby hillsides, highlands, buildings, flood shelters and other places, or immediately climb on roofs, tall buildings, trees, high walls and other places for temporary refuge.

2. If the flood continues to rise, it is difficult for temporary shelters to protect themselves. Make full use of the prepared life-saving equipment to escape, or find some door panels, tables and chairs, wooden beds and big bubbles. Foam and other floatable materials are tied to rafts to escape.

3. If you have been surrounded by floods, try to get in touch with the flood control department of the local government as soon as possible, report your position and danger, and actively seek rescue.

Note: Never swim to escape, do not climb electrified telephone poles and iron towers, and do not climb the roof of mud houses.

If you have been involved in the flood, you must try your best to catch fixed or floating things and look for opportunities to escape.

5. When it is found that the high-voltage tower is inclined or the wire is broken and drooping, it must be avoided quickly to prevent direct electric shock or electric shock due to the "step voltage" on the ground.

6. After the flood, we should do a good job in health and epidemic prevention to prevent the epidemic.

Third, what is a flash flood?

Torrential rain is the most common cause of mountain torrents, which usually refers to the flood of high tide and low tide along rivers and gullies in mountainous areas and the landslides, collapses and mudslides that follow. The burst of flood retaining facilities will also cause flash floods. Mountain torrent disaster refers to the harm that mountain torrents bring to people, including casualties, property losses, infrastructure damage and environmental resources damage. Mountain torrent disasters are divided into debris flow disasters, landslide disasters and river flood disasters.

(A) how to escape quickly when encountering mountain torrents

Residents living in flash flood-prone areas or ravines, canyons and streams must be on high alert, especially at night. If there is any abnormality, immediately organize personnel to leave the scene quickly, choose a safe place nearby, and try to contact the outside world to do the next rescue work well. Never take chances, save property, delay the opportunity to avoid disasters, and cause undue casualties.

(2) What should I do if I encounter a sudden flash flood?

1. Be sure to keep calm, quickly judge the surrounding environment, and move to the mountains or higher places as soon as possible; If you can't escape for a while, you should choose a relatively safe place to avoid the flood.

2. When flash floods break out, don't run along the spillway, but flee to both sides quickly.

Don't wade across the river easily when mountain torrents break out.

If you are trapped by mountain torrents, you should contact the flood control department of the local government in time to seek rescue.

4. What is a geological disaster?

Disasters related to geological processes such as landslides, collapses, mudslides, ground collapses, ground fissures and ground subsidence caused by natural factors or human activities are called geological disasters. The most harmful sudden geological disasters are debris flow, landslide and collapse.

What is debris flow?

Debris flow is a special torrent containing a lot of sediment, stones and boulders caused by heavy rain and melting of snow and ice in valleys or hillsides. Debris flows are often accompanied by flash floods, which are fierce. In a short time, a lot of mud and stones rampaged from the ditch and piled up at the mouth of the ditch.

Debris flow has great destructive power, destroying roads, blocking rivers and even burying villages and towns, which brings great harm to life, property and economic construction. 1970, a glacier mudslide occurred in the Peruvian Andes in South America, which washed more than 30 million cubic meters of snow mud to Ronggai City. In an instant, the whole city was completely destroyed and all 30 thousand residents were killed.

When building a new house in a debris flow-prone area, remember to choose a safe zone. Local residents should always pay attention to disaster warning and forecasting, choose escape routes and avoid being caught off guard.

(2) How to avoid danger when encountering debris flow.

1. When staying or moving in the ravine, in case of heavy rain or rainstorm, you should quickly move to a safe highland, and don't avoid or stay at low-lying valleys or steep slopes.

2. Pay attention to the surrounding environment, especially be alert to abnormal sounds such as earth-rock caving and flood roaring coming from a distance, which is likely to be a sign of impending debris flow.

3. When the debris flow strikes, you should immediately run to the heights on both sides of the ditch bank, and never run upstream or downstream in the direction of the ditch.

After the rainstorm stops, don't rush back to the ditch, just wait for a while.

Note: When camping in the wild, you should choose a flat highland as the camp, and try to avoid the bottom of slopes or valleys and ditches with rolling stones and a lot of deposits.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) What is a typhoon?

What we usually call a typhoon is a tropical cyclone. The so-called tropical cyclone refers to a low-pressure vortex that rotates rapidly on the surface of tropical or subtropical oceans, often accompanied by strong winds, heavy rains and storm surges.

(a) tropical cyclone wind grade

The principle of tropical cyclone wind classification is based on the maximum average wind speed in the center of the surface layer, which is divided into tropical depression (the maximum wind speed in the center is 6-7), tropical storm (the maximum wind speed in the center is 8-9), strong tropical storm (the maximum wind speed in the center 1 0-1) and typhoon (the maximum wind speed in the center1)

(2) How to avoid risks in case of typhoon

(1) Strong winds may blow down buildings and overhead facilities, causing casualties. People living in all kinds of dilapidated houses, factories and sheds should move to safety before the typhoon comes, and do not take shelter from the wind and rain near temporary buildings (such as fences), billboards and iron towers. Vehicles should try to avoid driving in areas affected by strong winds;

(2) Strong winds will blow off high-altitude objects, so move flowerpots and hangers on roofs, windows and balconies in time; Before the typhoon comes, it is best not to go out to avoid being smashed, crushed and electrified. Check the safety of doors and windows, outdoor air conditioners, cages and solar water heaters, and reinforce them in time;

(3) Prepare flashlights, food and drinking water in time, check the circuit, and pay attention to the use of fire and gas to prevent fire;

(4) In addition to the above-mentioned windproof work, do a good job in preventing heavy rain.

(3) Preventive measures for urban residents

1. According to the possible impacts of typhoons, the Meteorological Observatory issues forecasts to the public in three forms: news, warning and emergency warning. At the same time, according to the possible impact of typhoons, the blue, yellow, orange and red typhoon warning signals will be released to the society from light to heavy. The public should pay close attention to the media reports about typhoons and take preventive measures in time.

2. Before the typhoon comes, you should prepare flashlights, radios, food, drinking water and commonly used medicines in case of emergency.

3. Close the doors and windows and check whether the doors and windows are firm; Take down the hanging things; Check whether the circuit, fire fighting, gas and other facilities are safe.

4. Move outdoor animals, plants and other items indoors, especially the sundries on the roof; Things that are easily blown by the wind outdoors should be reinforced.

Don't travel to the area where the typhoon passes, and don't go swimming or sailing on the beach during the typhoon.

People living in low-lying areas and dangerous houses should be transferred to safe houses in time.

7. Clean the drainage pipeline in time to keep the drainage unblocked.

8. Relevant departments should strengthen outdoor billboards; Temporary buildings should be reinforced at the construction site, and construction equipment and tools should be arranged and stacked; Garden departments should strengthen street trees in urban areas.

9. In case of danger, please call the local government's disaster prevention telephone for help.

(4) Precautionary measures for ships at sea

1. To return to Hong Kong and anchor in time, the crew on board must go ashore to take shelter from the wind.

2. When a ship is attacked by a typhoon during the voyage, it should take the initiative to take emergency measures and contact the relevant departments on the shore in time to understand the relative position of the ship and the typhoon.

6. What is a rainstorm?

Rainstorm refers to a heavy rainstorm in a certain period of time. If the rainfall is above16mm at 3 o'clock, 30mm at12h, or 50mm at 24h, it is called rainstorm.

(A) the hazards of heavy rain

Rainstorms, especially large-scale persistent rainstorms and concentrated rainstorms, often cause serious floods and losses of people's lives and property.

(2) Protective measures in case of rainstorm

1. In low-lying residential areas, measures of "small enclosure" can be taken according to local conditions, such as building fences, placing water baffles at the gate, and configuring small pumps.

2. Don't litter, sundries, etc. Enter the sewer to prevent blockage, causing water accumulation during heavy rain.

3. Power sockets, switches, etc. Residential buildings on the ground floor should be moved to a safe place above the ground 1 m. Once the outdoor water overflows into the house, cut off the power supply in time to prevent electric shock from hurting people.

4. Pay attention to observation when walking in stagnant water. Prevent falling into manholes or pits or holes.

5. The river is an important drainage channel in the city, and it is not allowed to dump garbage and waste at will to prevent siltation.

Seven, typhoon warning signal

Typhoon warning signals are divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) Typhoon blue warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by tropical depression within 24 hours, with an average wind force of above 6 or a gust of above 7; Or it has been affected by tropical depression, with an average wind force of 6-7, or a gust of 7-8 and may continue.

Defensive measures: ① Prepare for windproof, and relevant departments start the defense work plan; (2) Pay attention to the latest news reports and windproof notices of tropical depression in the media; ③ Fasten doors and windows, hoardings, scaffolding, outdoor billboards, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by the wind, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by tropical depression.

(2) Typhoon yellow warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by tropical storms, strong tropical storms and typhoons within 24 hours, with an average wind force of 8 or above or a gust of 9 or above; Or it has been affected by tropical storms, with an average wind force of 8-9, or a gust of 9- 10 and may continue.

Defensive measures: ① Enter the windproof state, and relevant departments start the defense work plan; (2) Close the doors and windows. Residents and ships in dangerous areas and dangerous houses should take shelter from the wind. Outdoor operators such as high altitude, beach and water should stop working, and operators in dangerous areas should evacuate in time.

(3) Typhoon orange warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by tropical storms, strong tropical storms and typhoons within 24 hours, with an average wind force of 8 or above or a gust of 9 or above; Or it has been affected by tropical storms, with an average wind force of 8-9, or a gust of 9- 10 and may continue.

Defensive measures: ① Enter the windproof state, and relevant departments start the defense work plan; (2) Close the doors and windows. Residents and ships in dangerous areas and dangerous houses should take shelter from the wind. Outdoor workers in high altitude, beaches and water should stop working. Workers in dangerous areas should evacuate in time. Outdoor collective activities should stop in time and do a good job of evacuation. ③ Cut off neon signs and dangerous outdoor power supply; ④ Other typhoon blue warning signals.

(4) Typhoon red warning signal

Meaning: It may be affected by typhoon within 6 hours, and the average wind power can reach more than 12; Or has been affected by the typhoon, the average wind power has reached more than 12, and may continue.

Defensive measures: ① When entering a particularly emergency windproof state, relevant departments will start the defense work plan, and relevant emergency rescue units will be ready to start the emergency rescue plan at any time; (2) Close the doors and windows. Residents and ships in dangerous areas and dangerous houses should take shelter from the wind. Outdoor workers in high altitude, beaches and water should stop working. Workers in dangerous areas should evacuate in time. Outdoor collective activities should stop in time and do a good job of evacuation. ③ Other orange warning signals of the same typhoon.

Eight, rainstorm warning signal

The rainstorm warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

(1) Yellow rainstorm warning signal

Meaning: the rainfall in 6 hours will reach more than 50 mm; Or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense measures: ① Relevant departments start defense work plans according to the situation; (2) The public should cover it in time and dry the articles in the open air; ③ Drainage and flood control should be done well in low-lying and waterlogged areas; (4) Drivers should pay attention to road water and traffic jams to ensure safety.

(b) An orange rainstorm warning signal

Meaning: within 3 hours, the rainfall will reach more than 50 mm, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense Guide: ① Suspend outdoor work in open air and try to stay indoors or in a safe place to avoid rain; ② Relevant emergency departments and rescue units should be on duty, closely monitor the disaster situation, cut off dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas, and implement countermeasures; (3) Traffic management departments should implement traffic guidance or control in areas with accumulated water; (4) Move residents in dangerous areas and dangerous houses to safe places for shelter from the rain; (5) Other rainstorm warning signals with yellow color.

(3) Rainstorm red warning signal

Meaning: The rainfall in 3 hours will reach 100 mm or above, or it has already reached 100 mm and the rainfall may continue.

Defense guide: ① personnel should stay in a safe place, and outdoor personnel should take refuge in a safe place immediately; ② Relevant emergency departments and emergency rescue units should be ready to start the emergency rescue plan at any time; (3) schools, kindergartens and other relevant units with students and employees should take special protective measures, and units in dangerous areas should suspend classes or suspend business and immediately move to safe places for temporary refuge; ④ Other orange warning signals of the same rainstorm.

9. What is precipitation?

The meteorological term "precipitation" can be heard every day in daily TV weather forecast programs or radio weather programs. So what is the significance of precipitation?

Rain, snow and hail falling from the air are collectively called "precipitation phenomenon" by meteorological departments. In a certain period of time, assuming that there is no leakage, loss or evaporation, the depth accumulated when water falls to the water level is called precipitation (in millimeters).

According to the meteorological observation standard, in the case of precipitation, the weather station observes once every six hours. All the rain and snow falling within 6 hours melt into water, which is called 6-hour precipitation; All the rain and snow falling within 24 hours melt into water, which is called 24-hour precipitation; A ten-day rain and snow melt into water, which is called ten-day precipitation ... In a year, all the rain and snow melt into water, which is called "annual precipitation".

X. what is plum rain?

People living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River often have such an experience: as soon as the sunny and rainy spring is over, early summer comes, but soon, the sky is overcast and rainy, and sometimes there will be bouts of heavy rain. This is what people often say, "Meiyu" is coming.

Meiyu refers to a period of continuous rainy weather from mid-June to mid-July and early summer. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China refer to the range of 28-34 N east of Yichang, or the narrow area from Jianghuai Valley to southern Japan.

In ancient times, Meiyu was usually called Huang Meiyu. At present, the meteorological plum rain refers to a rainy weather that transits from early summer to midsummer. People in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are used to taking the solar term of "Mangzhong" as the plum festival, which is also called "Huangmei" when plums are ripe. In addition, due to the high air humidity during this period, everything is easy to get damp and moldy, so people gave Meiyu an individual name, called "Moldy Rain".

The appellation of "Plum Rain" or "Mild Rain" has a long history, and it was first circulated in China about 1000 years ago.

Xi。 Strong convective weather

The weather produced by huge cumulonimbus clouds driven by strong convective movement is called strong convective weather.

(A) the causes of severe convective weather

The horizontal motion of air particles is called wind. The vertical upward movement of air particles is called rising, and the downward movement is called sinking. When the temperature of a mass of air is higher than that of the surrounding air, because its density is lower than that of the surrounding air, the quality of the air will rise and the surrounding air will sink, which is called air convection.

When the unstable air due to pyrogen is triggered, the air will have a strong upward movement. The moist air in the lower layer will inevitably lead to water vapor condensation in the rising process, and the latent heat released by a large amount of water vapor condensation will heat the air, which will increase its temperature and further strengthen the convection movement. When the vertical velocity of air particles in convective motion is close to 50 cm/s (stronger than 1 m/s), it is called strong convective motion.

Strong convective weather includes lightning (discharge with surface objects and people is called lightning strike), thunderstorm gale, strong thunderstorm (local short-term precipitation or persistent rainstorm), hail and tornado. Usually, the gale and rain that occurs during lightning and thunder are called thunderstorm gale.

Harm of strong convective weather

Strong convective weather is basically disastrous except that thunderstorms can increase soil moisture, increase water storage in ponds and reservoirs, and alleviate the degree of high temperature weather. Lightning strikes cause casualties, damage buildings and power transmission and communication facilities, and affect air transportation; Thunderstorms and strong winds destroy buildings and trees, affecting the safety of water transportation; Hail mainly damages crops, houses and facilities, and short-term low temperature also affects the normal growth and development of crops; Tornadoes have strong thrust; Severe thunderstorms are sometimes the chief culprit of local mountain torrents, mountain disasters and large-scale persistent rainstorms, which all affect people's lives and property safety.

Twelve, how to protect yourself in lightning?

(1) What is lightning?

Lightning is a discharge phenomenon in the atmosphere. In the process of thunderstorm cloud formation, one part accumulates positive charges and the other part accumulates negative charges. When these charges accumulate to a certain extent, discharge will occur. Some discharges occur between clouds, while others occur between clouds and the ground. These two discharge phenomena are commonly known as thunder. The harm caused by lightning is also called lightning strike. Lightning strike is divided into direct lightning strike and indirect lightning strike. It will destroy buildings and electrical equipment and hurt people and livestock. Lightning discharge time is extremely short, but the current is extremely strong. The strong light produced during discharge is lightning. A large amount of heat energy released by lightning can instantly raise the local temperature 1, 000-20,000 degrees Celsius. Such a huge amount of energy is extremely destructive, which can cause telephone poles, houses and so on. Split and collapse, as well as casualties of people and livestock, can also cause fires and explosions of explosives.

Lightning occurs all year round, and strong lightning mostly occurs at the turn of spring and summer and in summer.

After entering the rainy season in Zhejiang Province, due to the frequent strong convective weather activities, the frequency of lightning is very high.

(2) How to prevent lightning strike

1. How to prevent lightning stroke indoors?

● Close the doors and windows in thunderstorm weather to prevent the intrusion of side flash and ball lightning.

● In thunderstorm weather, it is best to cut off the power supply of household appliances and unplug them; Do not use radios and televisions with external antennas; Do not answer the landline.

● Do not touch antennas, gas pipes, barbed wire, metal windows, external walls of buildings, etc. In thunderstorm weather; Stay away from live equipment; Don't stand barefoot in mud or concrete.

● Don't take a shower with a shower head when thunder and lightning strike.

2. How do people protect against lightning outdoors?

When people encounter lightning weather outdoors, in order to prevent being struck by lightning, the following principles should be observed:

● Look for lightning protection places immediately. You can choose places such as buildings equipped with lightning rods, steel frames or reinforced concrete, but be careful not to be near any part of lightning protection devices.

If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place, you can squat down, put your feet together, and put your knees in your hands, which can minimize your body's center of gravity and reduce the contact area between your body and the ground. If you can put on a waterproof raincoat immediately, the lightning protection effect will be better.

● Don't stay in the open-air swimming pool, open water or boat; Don't stay at the edge of the forest; Don't stay near poles, flagpoles, haystacks, tents and other objects without lightning protection devices; Do not stay near exposed metal objects such as rails, water pipes, gas pipes, power equipment, tractors and motorcycles; Don't stay at the top of the mountain, on the roof, etc. Don't go near isolated trees or chimneys (isolated trees on the top of the mountain are particularly dangerous); Don't hide in lonely shacks and sentry boxes in open areas.

● It is not advisable to open an umbrella in the wild or hold high badminton rackets, golf clubs and hoes; You should immediately stop playing golf, playing football, climbing mountains, fishing, swimming and other outdoor activities.

● Avoid driving motorcycles and bicycles, not to mention running around in a thunderstorm; People should close the doors and windows in the car.

● When many people are together in the wild, they should be a few meters apart and don't crowd together.

● When the high-voltage line is struck by lightning, people nearby should be on high alert to avoid electric shock caused by "step voltage" on the ground. The correct way to escape is to put your feet together and jump out of the danger zone.

● It is advisable to turn off the mobile phone in an open place.

3. How to rescue people injured by lightning?

A person who is burned or severely shocked by lightning is not charged, so don't worry about saving him. The fire on him should be put out quickly and emergency rescue should be carried out.

If the injured person loses consciousness, but has breathing and heartbeat, he may recover on his own. Before being sent to the hospital for treatment, he should lie flat and rest quietly.

If the injured person has stopped breathing and heartbeat, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and cardiac compression should be performed alternately quickly and decisively, and they should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment in time.

Thirteen. El Nino and La Nina

El Nino is a transliteration of Spanish "El Nino", which means "El Nino" (son of God). Now it has been used to refer to the phenomenon of large-scale continuous abnormal warming of sea surface temperature in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific.

La Nina is a transliteration of Spanish "La Nina", which means "little girl". It is used for the phenomenon that the sea surface temperature in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific is abnormally cold in a large range. The average sea surface temperature in the equatorial Pacific from 5 degrees north latitude to 5 degrees south latitude, and from 150 degrees west longitude to 90 degrees west longitude has been higher or lower than the normal value of 0.5℃ for more than 6 months, respectively, which is El Nino and La Nina.

(a) How are El Nino and La Nina formed?

In general, easterly winds prevail in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (called trade winds), and the surface warm seawater on the east side of the ocean is transported to the western Pacific Ocean. The rising water level and heat accumulation in the western Pacific make the sea level in the west 40 cm higher than that in the east, and the annual average sea temperature in the west is about 29℃.

When the trade winds weaken for some reason, the warm sea water in the western Pacific quickly extends eastward, the sea surface temperature in the west side of the Pacific decreases, and the sea surface temperature in the east side increases, forming El Nino.

On the contrary, when the trade winds continue to strengthen, the warm water in the eastern equatorial Pacific is scraped away, and the deep cold water is turned up as a supplement, and the sea surface temperature is further cooled, which is easy to form La Nina.

(2) What are the impacts of El Nino and La Nina on the climate in China?

I. In El Nino year, the East Asian monsoon weakened, and the main monsoon rain belt in summer in China was southerly, so it was more likely to be rainy in Jianghuai Basin, while the northern region, especially from North China to Hetao, was less rainy and dry. La Nina year is just the opposite.

Two. In autumn and winter of El Nino, most of the precipitation in the north is less than normal, most of the precipitation in the south is more than normal, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is snowy in winter. The distribution of precipitation in autumn and winter in La Nina in China is more in the north and less in the south.

Iii. In El Nino years, it is often warm in winter and cool in summer in China, especially in Northeast China, where the summer temperature is low, and there is a greater possibility of chilling injury. In La Nina years, China is prone to winter Leng Xia fever.

Ⅳ. The number of typhoons generated in the western Pacific and the South China Sea and landing in China is less than normal in El Ni? o and more than normal in La Ni? a.

(3) What are the impacts of El Nino and La Nina on the global climate?

The rapid rise of SST in the tropical central and eastern Pacific directly leads to abnormal rainfall and even floods in the countries along the central and eastern Pacific and South American Pacific. It also reduced precipitation in the tropical western Pacific, causing severe drought in Indonesia and Australia. El Nino often leads to droughts in southeastern Africa and northeastern Brazil, warm winters in western Canada and northern United States, and wet and rainy winters in southern United States. It is also related to the low temperature in summer in Japan and Northeast China and the precipitation in Japan and China. In addition, El Nino tends to inhibit the formation of tropical storms in the western Pacific, but it will increase hurricanes in the northeast Pacific. La Nina's climate impact is roughly opposite to that of El Ni? o, but its influence degree and power are smaller than that of El Ni? o. When La Nina appears, there is more rainfall in Indonesia, eastern Australia, northeastern Brazil, India and southern Africa, but drought is prone to occur in eastern and central equatorial Pacific, Argentina, equatorial Africa and southeastern United States.

On August 24th, China Meteorological Bureau announced the Trial Measures for Issuing Early Warning Signals of Sudden Meteorological Disasters. The "Measures" stipulate that whenever sudden disastrous weather such as typhoon, rainstorm and high temperature comes, the public can see new warning signals from TV, radio, internet, mobile phone short messages and electronic display boards located in prominent positions in cities. At present, the sudden meteorological disasters that issue early warning signals include: typhoon, rainstorm, high temperature, cold wave, fog, sandstorm, thunderstorm and gale, hail, blizzard and road icing, *** 1 1. Early warning signals are generally divided into four levels. According to the severity and urgency of the disaster, the colors are divided into blue, yellow, orange and red, which represent ordinary, heavy, serious and particularly serious respectively.

① The rainstorm warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

Yellow rainstorm warning signal said that within six hours, the rainfall will reach more than 50 mm, or it has already reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

The orange warning signal of rainstorm means that the rainfall will reach more than 50 mm within three hours, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

A rainstorm in red warning signal means that the rainfall will reach 100 mm or above within three hours, or it has already reached 100 mm and the rainfall may continue.

② Thunderstorm and gale warning signals are divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

The blue warning signal of thunderstorm and gale means that it may be affected by thunderstorm and gale within 6 hours, with an average wind force of more than 6 or a gust of more than 7 accompanied by lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, with an average wind force of 6 to 7, or gusts of 7 to 8 accompanied by lightning, and may continue.

The yellow warning signal of thunderstorm and gale means that it may be affected by thunderstorm and gale within 6 hours, with an average wind force of more than 8, or a gust of more than 9 accompanied by strong lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, with an average wind force of 8-9, or a gust of 9- 10 accompanied by strong lightning, and may continue.

The orange warning signal of thunderstorm and gale means that it may be affected by thunderstorm and gale within 2 hours, and the average wind force can reach more than 10, or the gust 1 1 above, accompanied by strong lightning; Or have been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, with an average wind force of 10 to1,or a gust of wind of 1 1 2 accompanied by strong lightning, and may continue.

Thunderstorm and gale red warning signal means that it may be affected by thunderstorm and gale within 2 hours, and the average wind force can reach more than 12, accompanied by strong lightning; Or it has been affected by thunderstorms and strong winds, and the average wind force is above 12 with strong lightning, and it may continue.