About the origin of Dragon Boat Festival, 99% people don't know 3.

This sentence comes from the Dragon Boat Festival Examination and Dragon Boat Festival History Education written by Wen Yiduo, a famous poet, democracy fighter and scholar in China. He believes that in ancient wuyue, the fifth day of May was the day when the "Dragon" tribe held totem sacrifices.

In order to explain and infer that the Dragon Boat Festival is a dragon day, Wen Yiduo listed 10 1 ancient book allusions in the article Dragon Boat Festival Examination, and explained them one by one, which found a lot of evidence for further textual research on his dragon day theory. Comprehensive its card, there are six main aspects:

First, he thinks that the most obvious thing is that the Dragon Boat Festival uses a dragon boat, which shows that the main tool used in the competition is the symbol of the dragon;

Second, the connection between zongzi and dragons. Zongzi was thrown into the water and stolen or snatched by dragons;

Third, it is said that Yangzhou Dragon Boat Festival casts a dragon mirror to pray for rain;

Fourth, May 5th is "Dragon Avoidance Day" to commemorate Jietui. Jietui's stories include Song of the Dragon and Snake, whose words are found in Lv Chunqiu Li Jie.

Fifth, according to legend, a secret medicine for protecting chastity was made at noon.

Wen Yiduo said here: "It is the dragon who guards the palace, which also shows the karma between the Dragon Boat Festival and the dragon"; Sixth, there is a legend that fish turn into dragons during the Dragon Boat Festival. In short, Wen Yiduo believes that the Dragon Boat Festival is more associated with the "dragon", so it is called the Dragon Boat Festival.

Sima Biao, a historian in the Western Jin Dynasty, recorded in the Book of Rites: "On the day of midsummer, everything flourished. On the solstice of summer, the yin is budding, and I'm afraid I can't wipe anything. Its ceremony: Zhu Suolian's meat dish, Mi Mou's chime; The peach seal is six inches long and two inches square, and the five-color calligraphy is like the law, decorated with the application of doors and the new fashion. Xia Houshi Venus, as a reed, pays attention to speaking; Yin people are more virtuous than water, taking snails as the head, and be careful to block them to make them like snails; People in the Zhou Dynasty were virtuous, with peaches as their priority and a heavier breath. It is used by both Chinese and Han people, so on May 5 th, Zhu Suo and five-color seal were used as door decorations to prevent evil spirits. "

It can be seen that it not only records the content that the summer solstice is the fifth day of May and the origin of its custom, but also clearly points out that the custom of the fifth day of May in Han Dynasty originated from the summer solstice festival in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

Summer solstice is one of the four solar terms (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice) first determined by the ancients in the pre-Qin period. Around the summer solstice, agricultural activities are very important, and the spread of weeds and pests endangers crops and people's lives. It is convenient for the ancients to hold some activities in the summer solstice, praying for a bumper harvest, eliminating disasters and getting used to each other. Summer solstice has become a traditional festival, and folk activities are increasingly rich.

At present, the main figure who holds this view is the famous scholar Liu Deqian. His views on the Dragon Boat Festival and traditional festivals in China put forward three main bases:

First of all, the authoritative book Jingchu Sui Ji did not mention this festival custom, that is, eating zongzi on the fifth day of May, but it was written on the summer solstice. In addition, Du Taiqing's Jade Candle Collection in Sui Dynasty included dragon boat racing in the entertainment activities from summer solstice, indicating that it was not necessarily to salvage Qu Yuan, a great poet who died of drowning.

Secondly, some customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "collecting miscellaneous medicines", have little to do with Qu Yuan.

Third, the first interpretation of the Dragon Boat Festival in Ji Huali is: "The sun shines, that is, the Dragon Boat Festival is in midsummer, so it can also be called midsummer Festival."

Thus, the earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival should be the summer solstice. But because Qu Yuan's personality is as outstanding as his art, people are willing to attribute this anniversary to him.

According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Zixu, a loyal minister of the State of Wu, died unjustly and became Shen Tao. At that time, the whole world felt sad and paid tribute to him, so the Dragon Boat Festival came into being. This legend is widely circulated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

Wu Zixu, a native of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, showed outstanding talent when he was young. Wu Zixu was originally the son of Wu She, a doctor of Chu. Because of the imperial feud, Wu Zixu's father and brother were killed by King Chu Ping. He defected to Wu and helped Wu conquer Chu. All five wars were broken, and they broke into Ying City, the capital of Chu. At that time, King Chu Ping was dead, and Wu Zixu hated King Chu Ping's guts. After he entered the capital of Chu, he dug a grave and whipped 300 bodies to avenge his father and brother. After the death of He Lv, the king of Wu, his son Fu Cha succeeded to the throne. Wu Jun's morale was high, Lien Chan won a big victory, and Yue Guo suffered a big defeat. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, made peace, and Fu Cha agreed to him without hesitation. At this time, Wu Zixu saw through Gou Jian's plot, so he strongly suggested that Fu Cha completely destroy Yue State. However, focha wouldn't listen. At that time, Boyi, the Taizai of the State of Wu, accepted a bribe from the State of Yue, so he went into slander to frame Wu Zixu. Fu Cha listened to rumors and sentenced Wu Zixu to death.

Wu Zixu is not afraid of death. Before he died, he said to his neighbor, "After I die, I will gouge out my eyes and hang them on the east gate of Jason Wu, so that the Vietnamese army can enter the city to destroy Wu." Then he killed himself. Fu Cha flew into a rage. He sent someone to wrap Wu Zixu's body in leather and throw it into the river on May 5th, so the Dragon Boat Festival became a day to commemorate Wu Zixu.

Ye Fan, a Southern Dynasty man, said in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty that people in eastern Zhejiang miss Wu Zixu very much. On May 5th in the summer calendar, they will go upstream along the Cao 'e River, singing and dancing to catch up with Wu Shen.

According to the Record of Saving Father in Huiji, the Eastern Jin Dynasty said, "On May 5, the second year of Han 'an, I met Wu Shen in the county river."

The Chronicle of Jingchu also quotes the Cao E Monument written by Han Danchun in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Welcome Wu Jun on May 5th".

"Wu Yue Chun Qiu" records that at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Wu Zixu was killed by Fu Cha, the king of Wu. After his body was put into a leather bag and thrown into Qiantang River, it went upstream without sinking. The local people thought that Wu Zixu appeared, and they respectfully called him "Wave God" and "Wu Shen". From then on, on May 5th every year, people would race in a boat, hoping to see Wu Zixu again. This custom is mainly popular in Qiantang River Basin.

According to the Han Dynasty's "Da Dai Li Xiao Xia Zheng May", "On May 5, Lan Xu also, for bathing." In other words, ancient people used vanilla as bath water and took a bath, so they called the Dragon Boat Festival Bathing Day. In the Tang Dynasty, Han He 'e's Li Nian Room said: "Dragon Boat Festival, autumn of corn, bathing in the blue moon."

"Dream of Liang Lu" in the Song Dynasty also said: "May is five festivals, and it is also the Lanling Festival." Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs in the Clouds" has a poem "Bathing orchid soup, enjoying fragrance", which also refers to bathing orchid soup.

This theory originated from the legend of Mianyang belt in Hubei Province. According to legend, in ancient Mianyang, there were four heroes who claimed to be "lucky birds". The four of them specialize in robbing the rich and helping the poor. Unfortunately, he was besieged by officers and men, and all of them threw themselves into the lake on May 5. Later generations remembered these four "lucky finches". On the Dragon Boat Festival every year, they will hold a sacrificial ceremony in the form of carrying four statues and rowing in competition, so they are called lucky birds.

According to Zongji in the Book of the Tang Dynasty, the hero of the Dai nationality in Yunnan was brave, wise and strong-willed. He was determined to fight for the poor, but he was dissatisfied with the autocratic power and threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

Therefore, the Dai people in Dezhou, Yunnan Province, in order to sacrifice him, on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May every year, row the dragon boat Youlong Chuanhe as a memorial.

Meson push, also known as meson push and meson crush, was a native of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Legend has it that Jin Wengong was not nominated when he rewarded his subordinates. He didn't want to take credit, so he lived in seclusion with his mother in Mianshan. In order to force meson to push out of the mountain, Wen Gong released Yamakaji, but meson could not hold on, and finally set himself on fire and died.

"Historical Records of the Golden Family" records: "Wen Gong surrounded the mountain and sealed it, thinking that it pushed the field, calling it the Sun Mountain,' to remember my past and be kind'." "This shows that the action of meson push touched Wang Wen. The idea of commemorating meson push on May 5th was first seen in Cai Yong's book Meson Push ... was caught by wood and burned to death in Cao Qin in the Eastern Han Dynasty. On May 5th, Wen Gong ordered the people not to get angry. To commemorate the release of the Dragon Boat Festival, King Wen ordered people not to make a fire.

According to Lu Xiang's "Zhong Ye Ji" in the Jin Dynasty, "It is a custom to burn to death with mesons on May 5, and the world is jealous and does not pay for food." May 5th is the anniversary of Jietui's death, and there is a folk custom of cooking without fire on this day. Bingzhou here refers to today's Inner Mongolia, most parts of Shanxi and a part of Hebei, including Baoding, Zhengding, Taiyuan and Datong in Shanxi.