What are the Miao people's own festivals? Custom festival

There are many traditional festivals in Miao nationality, including Miao Year, April 8th, Dragon Boat Festival, Eating New Year Festival and Autumn Festival. Among them, the year of Miao is the most grand. Miao year is equivalent to the Spring Festival of Han nationality, which is usually held after autumn. On the morning of the festival, people put the prepared delicious food on the stove near the fire pit to worship their ancestors, and put wine on the noses of cows to show their gratitude for their hard work for a year. Dressed young men and women are dancing in the hall. Except for historical festivals, most festivals are held in the slack season after autumn harvest or before spring ploughing. However, due to the influence of natural factors, social and clan differences, Miao traditional festivals have obvious regional characteristics and show different characteristics.

1. Miao Year

Popular in Miao areas of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou and Rongshui Miao Autonomous County in Guangxi. The dates of the Year of Miao vary from place to place, but they are all held after the millet is harvested, that is, on the day of Chen (Dragon), Mao (Rabbit) or Ugly (Bull) in September, October or November of the lunar calendar. In the first few days after the Year of Miao, every household should clean the house and actively prepare new year's goods, such as making rice cakes, brewing rice wine, making tofu and bean sprouts, and generally killing pigs or buying pork. Wealthy families have to make sausages and blood tofu, sew new clothes for their families and so on. On Miao New Year's Eve, the whole family will have a New Year's Eve dinner at home, and they won't open the door until midnight to set off firecrackers to welcome dragons into the house. At dawn, every household is presided over by the elders at home to worship their ancestors. After breakfast, young and middle-aged men go to their neighbors' homes to pay New Year greetings, which are called "donfniangx" in Miao language to express their congratulations on a happy New Year. On the second day of the lunar new year, there are some taboos at home, such as: don't go out to fetch water, don't go up the mountain to cut wood and grass; Don't sweep the floor; Women do not do needlework; In some areas, women do not cook and are replaced by men; Men don't go out to pick up shit or anything. Men and women in Miao village usually get married in Miao year. From the fourth day. Some elderly men and women also visit relatives and friends with wine, meat and glutinous rice cakes. , or are busy receiving guests at home; Some young men and women either dance in blowing sheng in their respective villages, or dance in bronze drums for bullfighting; Or the young man went to other villages to "tour", where men and women sang and poured out their love. Before and after the activity, it took about 9 days to end. This is the most solemn festival of Miao people.

Edit paragraph 2. the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

This is a traditional festival celebrated by the Han nationality and other ethnic minorities on the first day of the first lunar month. In Qiandongnan Miao nationality, the Spring Festival is called "sissy" and the traditional "sissy" coexist, and it is celebrated with other ethnic groups, especially those Miao nationality areas that do not celebrate the Year of Miao nationality, but are not as grand as the Year of Miao nationality. Miao people who know Chinese characters also paste couplets and door gods, and the rest are the same as Miao years. Some people choose to marry men and women during the Spring Festival. The Miao people in Xiangxi celebrated the Spring Festival and held a grand "Cattle Farm" activity. Miao people in Rongshui county, Guangxi celebrate the Spring Festival and hold Lusheng dance, with tens of thousands of people every year.

Edit paragraph 3. Dragon Boat Festival

This is a traditional festival for Miao people to race on the water. It is popular on both sides of Qingshui River at the junction of Taijiang and Shibing counties in Guizhou, and on both sides of Bala River in Taijiang, which flows into this river. The Miao language in eastern Guizhou is called "qab Niang x vongx". There are sixty or seventy Miao villages, such as Pingzhai and Liaodong, each of which has one or two dragon boats for rowing competitions. Every year, on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, or from the 24th to 27th, Miao people living on both sides of the strait hold grand dragon boat races in turn. Dragon boat races are also popular in Fenghuang, Luxi, Jishou, Baojing and Huayuan in Xiangxi, Hunan Province, which are divided into men's teams, women's teams and mixed teams. The scene is very lively. Although the Dragon Boat Festival of Miao nationality is a festival with dragon boat race as the main content, it is also a festival for ethnic culture and entertainment, social interaction between young men and women, visiting relatives and friends of middle-aged and elderly people, talking about the year and production experience. ?

Edit paragraph 4. April 8.

The eighth day of the fourth lunar month is a traditional festival for Miao people in Guiyang, Ping Huang, Songtao and Xiangxi, Hunan. This festival is to commemorate the Miao hero Yayi. During the festival, Miao compatriots will steam rice with flowers and gather in a fixed place, blowing sheng, to dance or sing love songs. Now, the Miao people in Beijing also celebrate April 8. ?

Edit paragraph 5. Eat a new festival

Mainly popular in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou and Rongshui Miao Autonomous County of Guangxi. Every year in June and July of the lunar calendar, when rice is heading in the field, every household in Miao village celebrates the "Eating New Year's Day" on the fifth day (some in the afternoon or morning). At that time, every household would cook glutinous rice, a bowl of fish and a bowl of meat. And put them on the ground (some on the table), pick 7-9 rice buds from their own rice fields and put them on the edge of the glutinous rice bowl, then burn incense and paper. The elders will pinch a little fish and glutinous rice and throw them on the ground, drop a few drops of wine to show their respect and pray for a bumper harvest, and then tear off the picked rice buds and hang two on them. The next day, men, women and children in each village put on new clothes to watch the Lusheng party, participate in Lusheng dance and participate in Lusheng dance. Some pull horses in the racetrack, and some take buffaloes to the bullring for bullfighting. This festival usually lasts for two days. ?

Edit paragraph 6. Lusheng Festival

It is popular in Zhou Xi area at the junction of Kaili, Majiang and Danzhai counties in Guizhou. Festivals vary from place to place, usually in the first month, February or March of the lunar calendar; Individual regional elections will be held in July. Mainly to worship ancestors and celebrate the harvest. Generally speaking, a ceremony will be held before the festival. The venerable old man in the village presided over ancestor worship. At the same time, all families worship their ancestors themselves. Then all the girls in the villages dressed up and put on silver flowers and ornaments. Both young men and Lusheng players brought their own Lusheng, and they came to Lusheng venue from all directions. Young men and women in each village form a circle and blowing sheng dances for four or five days. The atmosphere is very warm, and it is a fusion song. ?

Edit paragraph 7. Huashan Festival

This festival, also known as "stepping on the flower mountain", "jumping on the flower field", "stepping on the field" and "stepping on the mountain", is popular in Miao areas in northwest Guizhou, south Sichuan and southeast Yunnan. Because Miao people live in different places and have different costumes, the dates of Huashan Festival are different and the names of the festivals are different. Some are in the first month of the lunar calendar, some are in June and some are in August. In Tiekui area, northwest Guizhou, the fields jump from the sixth day to the eighth day of the first month, the peach fields from February 14 to 16, and the rice fields from July 16 to 18. First, select flower grafted seeds or flower grafted stems. The so-called "planting flowers" means hanging red with three horses and carrying a small amount of soil to other flower fields to pile in Xintian to show the planting of flowers; The "flower stem" is made of evergreen trees, three to four meters high and stands in the center of the flower field. At that time, people from all directions came in ancient costumes, and the patriarch announced the start of the jump. Boys are blowing reeds, and girls are dancing around the flowers and competing with each other. A two-meter-long red silk and a small red cloth bag with tips are hung at the top of the flower stem. Whoever can climb the pedicel while blowing sheng is there, take down HongLing (some hung a pot of wine) and a red cloth bag, and come down from the top of the pedicel in blowing sheng, will win the prize. Horse racing, archery and continuous hemp needle competitions are also held in some places. Young men and women sing and play national musical instruments, such as lusheng, Xiao, flute and oral string. Lovers give each other embroidered handkerchiefs, belts and other things. Old people take the opportunity to visit relatives and friends, talk to each other, and have activities all day, even late at night. ?

Edit paragraph 8. Catch the Mid-Autumn Festival

Popular in Hunan Xiangxi, Guizhou Huatao and other Miao areas, it is held every year on the day of beginning of autumn for one day. For the annual Lunar New Year "beginning of autumn", young men and women gather in villages and Shan Ye to sing and dance and seek partners. Since then, it has gradually evolved into a traditional festival to celebrate the harvest in Cheng qin.

Edit paragraph 9. Step on the drum.

It is popular in Miao areas of Kaili, Danzhai and Leishan counties in Guizhou. On the first pig farm day in the second month of the lunar calendar, young Miao men and women automatically gathered in the local singing field to step on drums. This drum is made of solid nanmu hollowed out and cowhide stretched at both ends. At that time, a venerable old man will move the nanmu drum and drum stand placed in his house into the drum field and beat the drum hard. People will dance when they hear the sound, and young people will take the opportunity to choose a spouse. Old people also put on new clothes and sang old songs around nanmu drums. After the dance, the girls took out their own hand-woven ribbons and presented them to Nanmu Drum to show their gratitude. People sang heartily and didn't leave the drum field until dark. Finally, the drum master carried the nanmu drum home and put it upstairs. Fish is also used to worship Nanmu Drum during festivals. ?

Edit this paragraph 10. Other festivals

In addition to the traditional festivals mentioned above, there are some festivals around the Miao nationality. For example, "Looking at the Dragon Field" and "Cherry Blossom Club" in Xiangxi, Hunan; "Spring Festival" in Chengbu, Hunan on March 3, and "Broken Valley Festival" before frost in early September; "Jingqiao" in Kaili, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, "Eating Sisters' Meal" Festival in Taijiang and Shibing on March 15, and "Climbing Xianglu Mountain" held in Kaili on June 19. Eight kinds of cotton in the first day of April in Congjiang lunar calendar; Guiyang Huaxi's "rice field in July" and so on. Some are commemorative, some are parties for young men and women, and some are prayers. In addition, in Fenghuang, Xiangxi, every year on the sixth day of June, men, women and children wear colorful clothes and gather in a concert hall, or play suona, or play flower drums, or sing Miao songs. Singing and dancing in memory of our ancestors. In addition, I have been to Tomb-Sweeping Day, and I have a tradition of sweeping graves and being humble.

In the seedling stage

It varies from place to place. On the first and middle days of October in the lunar calendar, pigs are killed on the first day in Guading District, and chickens and ducks are killed on the first day. Keep midnight at night, offer sacrifices to ancestors, cows, farm tools and set off firecrackers in the early morning to welcome the New Year. In the morning, worship the mountain god and the water god. Marry a daughter this afternoon. And I know that all kinds of gatherings, such as dancing lusheng, stepping on bronze drums, bullfighting and other activities, usually last for 9 days. Tang Kai got married on the evening of the next day1February16th, and went back to the door to find her in-laws.

Eating New Year's Day

Guading area is on the first or second day of June in the lunar calendar, Tang Kai area is on the second day of June 16, and Wu Di, Wengxiang and Binhai Heping Music are in mid-July. Have a plenty of July and a half. During the festival, there will be 3-5 days of meetings, including travel, lusheng dancing, bullfighting and horse racing. "Eating New Year Festival" is the most grand festival for Miao people at the turn of spring and summer. It evolved from ancient sacrifices, and the festival time varies from place to place, usually from the beginning of June to the middle of August in the lunar calendar. On the day of the festival, invited guests dressed in festive costumes, picked up gifts and came to visit with bullfighting. After the ancestors were sacrificed, the host and guests frequently raised their glasses to wish a bumper harvest. The next day, bullfighting, horse racing and Lusheng dance were held. As night falls, old people's wine songs are floating in the room, and youthful laughter and cheerful melody are rippling on the Lusheng field. Lusheng, wine songs, love songs and flying songs pervade the night sky in Miao village.

Noisy knot

It was held at noon on February 15th of the lunar calendar at the foot of Nail Rake Mountain in Tang Ya. Many people attended the rally, including bullfighting, duet singing and lusheng dancing.

Climbing node

March and noon of the lunar calendar are held at Kaihuai Tiger Block Slope and Gechong Biedui Slope respectively. The censer mountain climbing festival at the end of June in the lunar calendar is even more lively. Climb high and shout, and four voices echo.

Youfang Festival

"Youfang", also known as "Youfang", is a form of social interaction and entertainment for Miao young men and women in Kaili. Miao boys and girls often make friends, find partners or pour out their love through such activities. In order to choose a satisfactory life partner, some young men often have to travel over mountains and mountains and travel in villages of dozens, dozens or even hundreds of miles. Tourism is generally carried out in the slack season (for example, from the end of autumn harvest to the next year before transplanting rice seedlings) and traditional festivals (for example, Miao Year, Eating New Year's Goods Festival, Lusheng Festival, Bullfighting Festival, Mountaineering Festival, Drum Turning Festival, Spring Festival and Duige Festival, etc.). ) and the day of catching up. In Miao village, there are generally fixed "patrol field", "patrol slope" or "patrol evaluation". These places are either under the trees near the front and back bridges of the stockade or on the gentle grass slopes around the village. In order to participate in the tour, the girls are all dressed up, wearing silver ornaments, inserting some flowers, wearing silver collars around their necks and silver bracelets on their hands. They use this to show their wealth and talent, show their beautiful appearance and posture, and attract the love of young people.

Sisterhood day

"Sister Festival", also known as "Sister Meal", is a special social festival gathering for Miao youth in the middle reaches of Qingshui River. Some villages celebrate on February 15 of the lunar calendar, while others celebrate on March 15 of the lunar calendar, especially in Shidong area of Taijiang. On holidays, every household should prepare a lot of "sister rice" mixed with red, yellow, white, black and green glutinous rice to visit guests and friends. During the day, rivers, roadsides, beaches and grasslands are crowded with people. At night, on the beach and grassland by the river, high-pitched flying songs, rich and simple Daqu and love songs are intertwined and spread far away in the quiet night.

Tibetan festivals

It is an important ancestor worship activity of Miao people, and it is held once every 13 years. Each session lasts for three years. "Tibetan Festival" is the most distinctive festival that can best reflect the Miao national culture. Activities include solemn sacrifices and cheerful entertainment. It is an activity to entertain god and people.

Zhou Xi Lusheng Festival

Miao people living in Zhou Xi, Kaili. Lusheng Festival is from the 16th to 20th day of the first lunar month. Lushengtang is located on the river sand dam near Zhouxi well. In the early morning of the 16th day of the first month, several old people who presided over Lusheng Hall came to Jingkan with Lusheng, and read an inscription saying, "Picking the Moon in blowing sheng is an entertainment activity spread by Miao people for thousands of years. On the first day of the first month, all localities followed suit and celebrated the New Year with entertainment, which was the free wedding ceremony of the Miao people ... "After reading it, I poured out the rice wine in the gourd, sprayed a few mouthfuls of wine on the stele and in the center of Lusheng Hall, and everyone took another sip and blew the first" Reed Bamboo Qu "; At this time, girls and boys wearing silver jewelry and colorful holiday costumes danced with sweet tunes. Boys ask for ribbons from the right people, and girls tie ribbons on the reeds of the right boys. Three days passed, and the young man and woman found their partners. At this time, the old man who presided over Lushengtang still carried rice wine and sprayed rice wine on the stone tablet and Lushengtang. Put a straw sign in the middle of the hall. Since then, the Lusheng has been hung high until the grain is returned to the warehouse, and the "Miao Year" of the lunar calendar can be taken down and the Lusheng Festival can be played directly. On the fourth day, spring came, and young couples chatted and sang freely, blended their feelings and gave each other tokens.

Fishing festival

Fishing Festival is a Miao festival on both sides of Tumu and Nanming River in central Guizhou. Du Mu originated in Wuyunshan, flowed northward into Nanming River in Guizhou, joined at the junction of Yuri and Fulai, and then flowed northward into Wujiang River. This festival was originally a rain festival where Miao people prayed for rain by the river when they needed water for sowing and transplanting, but it gradually evolved into a fishing festival after a long time.

Letter eating festival

The letter-eating Festival is a festival for Miao people in Baozhai, Hejiang County, Guizhou Province. It lasts for four days, and the time is on the "letter" (e) day in June of the lunar calendar (calculated by calendar year). At that time, Miao girls who have married far away will try their best to dress up, put on flowered skirts and silver ornaments, and "carry" holiday gifts to visit their parents and villagers. During the festival, the whole village was jubilant, drums and music were ringing, reeds were dancing and everywhere was filled with festive joy. At the foot of Baijiya Mountain, on the banks of Wengya River, people are buzzing. Bullfighting, sparrows, lusheng dancing, tug-of-war and playing ball games are cheering one after another. Young men and women who love each other are invited to the Woods to sing folk songs by the stream and pour out their love to each other.

Mars cutting festival

Traditional Miao festivals. Popular in Guanling area of Guizhou. The content of the festival is mainly to stipulate village rules and regulations. According to different surnames, the time of festivals is different. About July, August, September 27th. Once a year, according to the clan households take turns to be on duty, and the duty year is responsible for convening everyone to discuss the rural rules and regulations and related major events. Then the family will prepare wine to kill the chicken on duty, invite everyone to drink "warm heart wine" and propose a toast for the next duty year. On the other hand, the party will be held in turn, and it is worthwhile to drink "knowing wine" at whose house.

Hakka year

The Hakka year of Miao nationality is Spring Festival. On Lunar New Year's Eve, the whole family gets together and no outsiders are allowed to disturb them. They set off firecrackers with the door half closed to show that no one can enter at this time. Continue to set off firecrackers in the early morning of the first day to worship the ancestors to eliminate disasters. People stop cattle and sheep with their hands, saying, "Drive cattle and sheep ..." to show the prosperity of six animals, and then eat New Year's Eve. On the second day of the following year, Miao family members dressed in costumes went from one village to another to celebrate the festival. The hospitable host will toast the guests three times. Every family is full of festive joy. Young men and women gathered on the lawn next to the village, playing Lusheng and Qin Yue, singing and dancing. In some places, activities such as "stepping on the mountain of flowers" and "merging cattle" will be held.

Suspension bridge section

The traditional festival of Zhaitou, Miao Township, Sansui County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, is also called "February 2". According to legend, Zhaitou people originally lived in Wu Ye. Because the land in Zhaitou is fertile, all Zhaitou people moved into Zhaitou together. On the day of moving, the dragon will follow, but the Shiping River blocked the dragon's way, so the ancient Luo (the elder) in the village discussed it and decided to build a bridge to take the dragon away, because the dragon symbolizes auspiciousness and happiness. Twelve houses in the village have to be connected, so this bridge has twelve piers. After the bridge was repaired, it was named "Solitaire Bridge". This bridge was built on the second day of the second lunar month. To commemorate this day, the Miao family in Zhaitou carries a pig in each of the twelve rooms every year and slaughters it on the bridge.

Sisterhood day

Traditional Miao festivals. Popular in Miao areas in southeastern Guizhou Province. Every spring, Miao women there hold "Sister Festival" and "Sister Meal". On the morning of the festival, the girls in the stockade will go to the fields to catch fish and prepare a "sister meal". No matter where they go fishing, they will be welcomed. After the "sister meal", the women each took colorful glutinous rice prepared in advance and went to the oil mill to find a young man to sing a song. If a young man wants to eat glutinous rice, he must win a duet. Besides singing, women can participate in all kinds of entertainment activities at will. Married girls will also go back to their parents' homes for Sister's Day.

Mountain climbing festival

Miao mountaineering festival, also known as "climbing festival", has been formed for thousands of years. Every year, the "Horse Day" in late March of the lunar calendar (the date was recorded by the Chinese zodiac in ancient times) is held on March 19th of the lunar calendar. At that time, the Miao people living in Kaili in southeastern Guizhou will gather in Luxiang, where they will sing and shoot birds. Young men and women sang songs and climbed to the top of the mountain along the winding mountain road. All the way to Luge, flying songs, love songs, wine songs and ancient songs of Miao people are all over the hillside. The first person to reach the top of the mountain is called a "mountaineering hero" and is respected by everyone. Get the favor of girls. According to legend, the Xianglushan Mountaineering Festival is to commemorate the handsome Miao youth Abu and the jade emperor's youngest daughter Abei. A Bei, the youngest daughter of the Jade Emperor, yearned for a free life on earth, flew down the mountain, married A Bei, who was smart, capable, honest and kind, and had three daughters. One day at dawn, when the whole family was happy, suddenly the rooster crowed for the first time. The Jade Emperor stipulates that a rooster crows three times a day, which is a pilgrimage. If A Bei can't arrive in time, there will be a catastrophe. Anxious Abe climbed six floors from the top of the incense burner with one foot when he flew into the sky at the top of the mountain. Without the top of the incense burner, A-be could no longer go down to earth, and the Jade Emperor could not enjoy the human incense because there was no top of the incense burner, so he punished A-be and turned it into a incense burner. In order to commemorate the loyal love between Abei and Abu Bu, the Miao people have an annual climbing festival on the incense burner day near Abu Bu.