Methods of reciting ancient poems

1. Basic methods of reciting ancient poems 1 According to the tune, the main difference between reciting and reciting is that there is a tune when reciting.

In the teaching of ancient poetry in primary schools, we must first sort out the intonation tunes. In teaching, teachers should first demonstrate reciting and give students a basic intonation sentence by sentence until students can recite and imitate intonation independently.

This first captures the students' attention, and at the same time brings them into the artistic conception of ancient poetry through the appeal of sound. Although chanting has a tone, it is different from singing because the tone of chanting is not fixed.

In other words, the same poem can be recited in different tunes. There are three ways: traditional chanting, modern chanting and self-made tunes.

In the primary stage of learning chanting, we can imitate the existing chanting tunes first. In the process of imitation, we will gradually feel the emotions and find out the rules: for example, most of the recited tunes are relatively simple, and every sentence is in the same tone, and so on. For another example, according to the word line cavity-according to the ups and downs of the pronunciation of each word in the poem to lengthen the cavity, so as to form a simple tune.

If you recite more, you will naturally feel the law. After students basically master intonation, they should be guided to enter the artistic conception of the work and the emotional world of the author through sound.

Teachers should lead students to imagine together, while chanting, and guide students to imagine the picture depicted in the poem, to imagine the scene when the author created the poem that year. Music can easily affect people's mood. When students recite with depressing or loud tunes, the feelings contained in the works will be engraved in their hearts more deeply, so that they can feel the same.

2 clear pronunciation and mellow voice, feel the charm in primary school, to ensure students' understanding of poetry, we must start from the foundation. Accurate pronunciation and clear articulation are the basic requirements for reciting, so as to achieve the so-called "correct pronunciation", and then drag the sound to make the tune full and achieve the so-called "correct pronunciation", so as to feel the charm of poetry.

Teaching will be divided into the following two steps: 2. The intonation of1syllable, clear articulation in primary school, and the mastery of words is a key teaching content. In the teaching of reciting ancient poems, teachers mainly recite in Putonghua to guide students to recite correctly, so that students can master the pronunciation of the whole poem words through reciting.

On the basis of accurate pronunciation, it is necessary to pronounce words clearly and clearly. Chinese characters have beautiful syllables, which are accurate, clear and full to read, showing a mellow tone and giving people a beautiful feeling.

2.2 To feel the charm of China's classical poetry with stress, in addition to the distinct rhythm, it also rhymes. Rhyme not only makes ancient poems read neatly and beautifully, but also makes them full of charm.

The charm of ancient poetry lies in that the rhyming ending can cause singing in the nasal cavity and chest cavity, giving people a stirring feeling. When reciting, students can feel the charm of poetry and the poet's emotion when writing, with lingering echoes and endless aftertaste.

According to the rhythm, cultivate the sense of language in poetry, and the rhythm can express the sense of frustration in language. The pause and extension of rhythm can express different meanings, and the sharp and soothing tone can express different feelings.

The word "reciting" originally refers to reading aloud rhythmically, which means that you must master the rhythm law when reciting. When reciting, mastering different rhythm rules can not only help students understand the emotion of poetry, but also help students gradually develop a sense of language.

Forming a good sense of language can enhance students' perception of poetic language. Chinese syllables themselves have different rhythms, such as length, severity and haste, due to the differences in initials, finals and tones. Secondly, classical poetry, as a typical example of Chinese rhythmic beauty, will also have different pauses due to semantic clustering and emotional fluctuations, highlighting cadence.

Therefore, when teaching students to recite, it is mainly to master the rhythm of each word syllable and the rhythm of each poem pause. Tones in ancient Chinese can be divided into four types: flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and entering tone, among which "flat tone" is flat tone and "rising tone, rising tone and entering tone" is ambiguous tone.

Modern Chinese is divided into flat tones, rising tones, rising tones and falling tones (called tones one, two, three and four in primary schools), and the "entering tones" in ancient Chinese are classified as "falling tones". Traditionally, flat tone is flat tone, rising tone is rising tone, falling tone is falling tone, and entering tone is short tone.

Song Yun, a jade key who released the vacuum in the Ming Dynasty, said: "The sound is not low at ordinary times, but strong when it is loud, clear and sad when it is long, and urgent when it is short." In short, the flat voice is gentle and long, and the snoring is violent and urgent.

This is the law of "flat length and short length" put forward by several chanting people. Flat tones have something to do with tones, not rhymes.

Now there are four tones of "Shang Jin", and there are more tones in Qin and Han Dynasties. The four-tone method is used to level the road, and the mo is low. The word example: mountain, Sichuan, boat, husband → flat voice calls for strength.

Word examples: Confucius, water, language, going to school and going to school, it is obviously a long road of sorrow, and word examples: sending, meaning, doing, meeting, going to school, short and urgent. Example: (don't talk) → 2004 Understand poetry and experience emotions through chanting. Educator Ye Shengtao once put forward such a request: "Let students recite, let them enjoy it, read and experience kindness again and again.

Naturally, it reaches the state of perfection. "Chen Qin, a famous contemporary Chinese teacher, also founded the' Reading Classics' education method, which refers to a reading method that does not pursue understanding, but only recites it repeatedly and knows it by heart.

All the above examples prove that students need to recite ancient poems repeatedly when teaching them. Through repeated recitation, students can constantly imagine the picture depicted in the poem, deepen their understanding of the whole poem, gradually realize the beauty of rhythm and rhythm of the poem, and deepen their understanding of the author's creation.

The so-called "reading a book a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident", repeated chanting, naturally can achieve the effect of understanding poetry and experiencing emotions. First, intonation is the emotional tone of the whole poem; Secondly, the cadence of syllables and the sonorous rhythm make people feel the fluctuation and change of the poet's mood; Thirdly, using stress, the poet can experience the charm of poetry and taste the poet's feelings in the aftersound.

Therefore, at the end of the teaching of ancient poetry, teachers need to guide students to recite repeatedly and imagine the poet's creative situation in repeated recitation, so as to understand poetry.

2. How to recite ancient poems? The intonation adopted in the southeast today is the Tang pronunciation of Tang Dynasty.

Recitation embodies the equal relationship between readers and ancient poems (different from previous critical analysis), and it is easy to obtain "sympathetic understanding (Chen Yinque's language)"

Recitation is based on the musicality of Chinese: phonology and tone.

Guo Shaoyu is the author of The Beauty of China's Tone.

Rhyme was mature in Tang Dynasty, so it should be memorized in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Therefore, we can only use "onomatopoeia" (the reference standard is dialect), but not Mandarin (Mandarin originated in Yuan Dynasty).

Guang Yun reflects the actual phonetic situation in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It is divided into 206 departments. The number of words in each department is different. For the convenience of writing poems, later generations compiled Pingshui Poetic Rhyme with only 106 part. In actual poetry creation, some Chinese characters in 106 department can be shared with Chinese characters in other departments.

Flat tones have something to do with tones, not rhymes. Now there are four tones of "Shang Jin", and there are more tones in Qin and Han Dynasties.

Four tones method

Ping was born in Di 'ang, Mo Dao, with the following words: mountain, river, boat and husband → Ping.

Shout loudly and forcefully. Example: Confucius, water, language, business → measures.

It's a long way to go, and the words are: send, mean, land, meet → curse.

The tone is short and urgent. Word example: (unknown) → Xu

3. What are the reading methods of ancient poetry? 1. Read poetry.

Except for some lyrics and songs with epigrams and qupai, most ancient poems have titles, which either indicate the writing object, writing focus or express emotional tone. For example, Smelling the Flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night explains the time, place and emotional events.

"Listen to blowing sheng next door", "Phoenix blows like the sound of rosy clouds" (interpretation: the sound of blowing sheng falls like rosy clouds from the sky), performing "blowing sheng"; "I don't know whose house is outside the wall" (definition: I don't know which one is outside the wall), deduct "next door". "Doubt is a thousand peach blossoms" (interpretation: but I guess there must be a thousand peach blossoms in it) is still a deduction, that is, the illusion caused by the sound of sheng (pay attention to the word "doubt"), rather than describing the beautiful scenery of the courtyard.

Second, read "Express". The thoughts and feelings expressed in ancient poetry are often contained in images but not revealed.

However, in some poems, individual words express their own ideological and emotional tendencies, so we should circle these valuable information when reading and combine it with the whole poem to experience. For example, in Zhao Wei's Old Love on the River Tower in the Tang Dynasty, the moonlight is like water.

Where are the people who came to see the moon together? The scenery is vaguely like last year. Interpretation: I came to this tall building by the river alone, and my thoughts seemed to be full of sadness.

I think the moonlight is like water, and the flowing water is like the boundless sky. I remember we used to watch the moon together. Now where do you stay together? You know, the scenery where water and light meet is as beautiful and gentle as what you saw last year.

The first sentence "alone" shows the poet's lonely figure and feelings, and the third sentence "together" echoes it. "Fuzzy thinking" directly shows the feeling of being at a loss.

The reason for this emotion lies in three or four sentences. Another example is the Tang Dynasty: Li Bai's "Bodhisattva Man", where the forests are vast, the haze is vast, and the Hanshan area is blue and sorrowful.

When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly.

Where is the return trip? The long pavilion is shorter. Interpretation: On a flat forest, the smoke from cooking stoves fills the air, and the mountains in autumn still leave a sad blue.

Twilight has been reflected in the high-rise building, and someone is upstairs alone, with a burst of worries. She stood there staring at the jade ladder in vain for a long time, and how anxious the flocks of birds were to fly back to their homes.

Where is your way back? A long pavilion is followed by a short pavilion. "Sadness" and "worry" hurt feelings for the scenery, and loneliness is sad; Express the emotional tone of the whole word; The expression of "emptiness" is bitter and fruitless; Homecoming clearly expresses homesickness.

Most of the poems selected in the college entrance examination are quatrains. The quatrains are generally "Zhang Xianzhi".

The fourth sentence expresses the main idea. For example, the moon song in Emei Mountain misses you but can't see Yuzhou (interpretation: I miss you but can't go to Yuzhou), and I can't help but feel homesick in Los Angeles on a spring night (interpretation: no one will feel homesick because of this).

Generally, rhyming poems are written in pairs and narrated in triplicate or quadruple, such as Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Country and The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower. Third, look at the image.

Poetic images include objects (images) and characters. Images commonly used in ancient poetry often have stable meanings, such as willow, spring grass, residual lotus, millet, chrysanthemum, plum, bamboo, cuckoo (Zigui), Sha Ou and so on.

However, it cannot be understood mechanically. For example, the word "Liu" is generally used to express the feeling of parting, but the word "Liu" in the sentences such as "Yangliuqing Jiang Shuiping" (definition: Yangliuqing River is wide and flat) and "The moon rises and the willow shoots rise" (definition: the willow flowers are dark and the village is bright) is not harmonious. Images should be related, and multiple images should be combined to form artistic conception.

For example, some students saw that "no one saw bamboo shoots, and the chicks in the sand slept next to their mothers" (interpretation: the tender bamboo shoots that just broke out of the bamboo forest have not been noticed, and the newly hatched ducklings are sleeping sweetly on the beach). "No one saw" and "sleeping beside his mother" were unilaterally understood as Du Fu's loneliness.

Connecting with other images, such as "Huayang" (interpretation: fragments of Huayang falling on the path) and "Lotus leaves on the stream" (interpretation: tender lotus leaves dotted on the stream), the poet describes the vitality and interest of the late spring scenery, showing deep affection without feeling lonely. Characters, some of which describe the image of the object, such as "Monks in the middle of Shu carry the green silk pipa and go down to Emei Mountain in the west.

When I hear the sound of Matsutani, I wave my hand at will. (Commentary: Monk Shu came from Emei Mountain with his green lyre in his arms.

Wave to me at will, just like hearing the sound of thousands of pines) ". More is the image of lyric master (poet), such as "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot (interpretation: friend, if Luoyang relatives and friends ask me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin and stick to my beliefs! ) "shows the feelings of the lyric hero (poet) to lead an honest and clean life.

Fourth, read the notes. Annotations explain the writing background, explain difficult words and reveal the meaning of allusions.

They play a certain role in understanding poetry. For example, the Tianjin volume of the college entrance examination "Listening to Shu Monks Playing the Piano" provides three notes.

"① Green Qi: An ancient piano. (2) Flowing water: borrowing the allusion of "flowing water in the mountains".

3 Frost Bell: Shan Hai Jing? According to Zhongshan Jing, there are nine bells in Fengshan, and the first frost rings. (Interpretation: According to legend, there are nine bells in Fengshan, and the first frost sounds).

These three notes are about the famous piano, the feelings of the listener, and the blending of the sound of the piano and the bell. Based on this, we can infer and understand the basic content of this poem.

Fifth, read "with or without". There's nothing in it, nothing in it.

Ancient poetry is concise and there is a lot of room for readers to fill it reasonably. For example, "there is no reason for people to go out to Yangguan in the west" (interpretation: it is difficult to meet old friends when going out to Yangguan in the west), but there is nothing to see: I will never see old friends again, only see the afterglow of yellow sand, west wind and sunset, only endless thoughts ... "I only see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky" (interpretation: I only see a line of the Yangtze River, heading for the distant sky. )

I can't see anything inside: I can only see the Yangtze River flowing into the sky, but I can't see the sails of my friends far away. My friend died with the boat and missed the water. "The old country is surrounded by mountains" (interpretation: the mountains around Shicheng remain the same) and "all around", but the city is empty, and the prosperity of the past no longer exists.

Similarly, there are "although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever" (interpretation: Chang' an falls, the country is broken, only the mountains and rivers remain unchanged), and "the moon is over Gusutai" (interpretation: only the bright moon hangs on the aunt.

4. Reading skills of ancient poems: the meter of the inscription of Shui Long Yin.

Water is also a famous song, Zhuang Chunsui and Lianyuan. 102, with four rhymes. The first word of the ninth sentence should be disyllabic, and the last sentence should be syntactic.

Freeze frame equipment

Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping (rhyme).

Moderately flat, moderately flat, moderately flat (rhyme).

Moderately flat, moderately flat, moderately flat (rhyme).

Fair and reasonable, fair and reasonable, fair and reasonable, fair and reasonable (rhyme)

Intermediate, intermediate, intermediate, intermediate, intermediate, level.

Medium level, medium level, medium level.

Moderately flat, moderately flat, moderately flat (rhyme).

Flat, flat, flat (rhyme).

-

Variable lattice

Flat, flat, flat (rhyme).

Moderately flat, moderately flat, moderately flat (rhyme).

Moderately flat, moderately flat, moderately flat (rhyme).

Fair and reasonable, fair and reasonable, fair and reasonable, fair and reasonable (rhyme)

Intermediate, intermediate, intermediate, intermediate, intermediate, level.

Medium level, medium level, medium level.

Moderately flat, moderately flat, moderately flat (rhyme).

Flat, flat, flat (rhyme).

Love recent flowers, business tone; The name of the original Tang Dynasty was originally taken from Yuefu, and Liang named it Falling in Love with a Butterfly, also known as Golden wisp, Magpie stepping on branches, Wu Fengqi, Rolling Pearl Curtain and Golden Basket. Its epigraph began in the Song Dynasty. Two 60-word movies, each with four rhymes.

Two tones, the same tone of the upper and lower films, and rhyme. * * * 60 words, four rhymes before and after each piece, and its standard table is as follows:

The last three words of the fourth sentence can be "flat and flat"

(Ping) Ping. It's flat, it's flat. (Ping) Ping, (Ping) Ping.

(Ping) Ping. It's flat, it's flat. (Ping) Ping, (Ping) Ping.

The reading of ancient poetry pays attention to the beauty of rhythm, but because of the language changes since the Tang and Song Dynasties, many words and sounds have been unrecognizable, so some people advocate reading in local dialects according to rhythm.

5. How to recite ancient poems? The intonation adopted in the southeast today is the Tang pronunciation of Tang Dynasty.

Recitation embodies the equal relationship between readers and ancient poems (different from previous criticism and analysis), and it is easy to obtain "sympathetic understanding (Chen Yinque's language)" Recitation is based on the musicality of Chinese: phonology and tone. Guo Shaoyu is the author of The Beauty of China's Tone.

Rhyme was mature in Tang Dynasty, so it should be memorized in Sui and Tang Dynasties. So now we can only use "onomatopoeia" (the reference standard is dialect), but not Mandarin (Mandarin originated in Yuan Dynasty).

Guang Yun reflects the actual phonetic situation in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It is divided into 206 departments.

The number of words in each department is different. For the convenience of writing poems, later generations compiled Pingshui Poetic Rhyme with only 106 part.

In actual poetry creation, some Chinese characters in 106 department can be shared with Chinese characters in other departments. Flat tones have something to do with tones, not rhymes.

Now there are four tones of "Shang Jin", and there are more tones in Qin and Han Dynasties. The four-tone method is used to level the road, and the mo is low. The word example: mountain, Sichuan, boat, husband → flat voice calls for strength.

Word examples: Confucius, water, language, going to school and going to school, it is obviously a long road of sorrow, and word examples: sending, meaning, doing, meeting, going to school, short and urgent. Word examples: (not said) → words.

6. The basic rules of reciting poems by the ancients are the rules of ancient poems, and the most important ones are rhyme, flatness and style. In addition, the form of expression of regular poems also requires antithesis, and words should be paid attention to epigrams.

Ancient poetry is a kind of poetry, and rhyme must be observed and followed. Even modern poetry should be rhymed, let alone ancient poetry. Poetry doesn't rhyme, it's just words.

The level change of ancient poetry is also the embodiment of the rhythm of poetry music. If you just watch without enjoying it, it's not watching. Reciting is an important part of appreciating ancient poetry. If you don't understand the change of ping and ping, you will not only recite well, but also hinder readers' appreciation, and you won't be able to deeply understand the poet's emotions such as emotions. If rhyme is the basic quality of poetry appreciation, then tone sandhi is the basic quality of ancient poetry appreciation. There is an old saying about the authors of ancient poems that the eyes are superior but the eyes are inferior, and most people's appreciation level is higher than their creation level. A good eye is not necessarily low, and a bad eye is definitely not high. If the author of ancient poetry is not even good at appreciating ancient poetry, then poetry is basically not good. Therefore, it seems that the training can't keep up with it.

If you only study classical poetry, you don't pay attention to meter, but pay attention to rhyme and flatness. If you want to learn ancient poetry well, it also includes metrical poems and words, and then metrical is very important. It's ok to treat metrical poems as ancient poems and words as ancient poems, but it's guilty if you don't appreciate the essence and talk about the level of appreciation. Metric poetry is the biggest difference between metrical poetry and classical poetry, and it is also the pursuit of higher and stricter artistic beauty of poetry. Some people say that if there are many problems with rhyme, it should be regarded as ancient poetry, and painting birds can make a good painter. I haven't heard that painting a phoenix as a bird is a good painter.

It is a big mistake to rhyme without hitting the middle, and it is a small mistake not to persist in contradictions. Be strict with major faults, have higher requirements on content and connotation, and be lenient if you have to make minor faults. Just like painting a phoenix without feathers, it can be said to be flawed beauty. Without wings, it is a basket case.

The epigraph of the word also stipulates the beat and tune, and pays more attention to musicality. What kind of words can be used for what kind of content, just like comedy can't use funeral music. Good use is beautiful, but bad use is tragic.

7. The basic rules of reciting poems by the ancients are the rules of ancient poems, and the most important ones are rhyme, flatness and style. In addition, the form of expression of regular poems also requires antithesis, and words should be paid attention to epigrams.

Ancient poetry is a kind of poetry, and rhyme must be observed and followed. Even modern poetry should be rhymed, let alone ancient poetry. Poetry doesn't rhyme, it's just words.

The level change of ancient poetry is also the embodiment of the rhythm of poetry music. If you just watch without enjoying it, it's not watching. Reciting is an important part of appreciating ancient poetry. If you don't understand the change of ping and ping, you will not only recite well, but also hinder readers' appreciation, and you won't be able to deeply understand the poet's emotions such as emotions. If rhyme is the basic quality of poetry appreciation, then tone sandhi is the basic quality of ancient poetry appreciation. There is an old saying about the authors of ancient poems that the eyes are superior but the eyes are inferior, and most people's appreciation level is higher than their creation level. A good eye is not necessarily low, and a bad eye is definitely not high. If the author of ancient poetry is not even good at appreciating ancient poetry, then poetry is basically not good. Therefore, it seems that the training can't keep up with it.

If you only study classical poetry, you don't pay attention to meter, but pay attention to rhyme and flatness. If you want to learn ancient poetry well, it also includes metrical poems and words, and then metrical is very important. It's ok to treat metrical poems as ancient poems and words as ancient poems, but it's guilty if you don't appreciate the essence and talk about the level of appreciation. Metric poetry is the biggest difference between metrical poetry and classical poetry, and it is also the pursuit of higher and stricter artistic beauty of poetry. Some people say that if there are many problems with rhyme, it should be regarded as ancient poetry, and painting birds can make a good painter. I haven't heard that painting a phoenix as a bird is a good painter.

It is a big mistake to rhyme without hitting the middle, and it is a small mistake not to persist in contradictions. Be strict with major faults, have higher requirements on content and connotation, and be lenient if you have to make minor faults. Just like painting a phoenix without feathers, it can be said to be flawed beauty. Without wings, it is a basket case.

The epigraph of the word also stipulates the beat and tune, and pays more attention to musicality. What kind of words can be used for what kind of content, just like comedy can't use funeral music. Good use is beautiful, but bad use is tragic.