Eight Chapters (XX)

? "The fog has lost the building, the moon is lost, the peach source is broken and nowhere to be found." Once a person suffered a loss in a foreign land, the first nostalgia must be the hometown, because there is a cozy home. Song Zhezong Shao Sheng four years (1097), one of the four bachelor's Qin Guan was relegated to Chenzhou, in the hotel to fill out the "Tesha Hsing" words, the heart must be filled with a strong sense of nostalgia and attachment to home. Home is the foundation of a person's life, the harbor of spiritual rest, and the support of personal feelings. And as the main material carrier of the home residence can be said to be the most important symbol of the home.

Relative to the natural world of the changing seasons, summer and cold, human adaptability is insignificant, so almost all people need to rely on their own home to shelter from the wind and rain, to dispel the heat and cold, in order to meet the needs of survival and life. From the archaeological discoveries, we can have a glimpse of the house of the ancestors. Wujiang Meiyan Longnan site is a village in the early Liangzhu culture, covering an estimated area of 2,000 square meters, there are ancient rivers and paths, there are 12 exposed house sites, 18 burials. The river flows through the village from northeast to southwest, and the house sites are scattered on both sides of the river, which is comparable to the layout of local villages later. The house plan is both rectangular and circular, and from the recovered elements it can be understood that the form of the building is both dry-end construction, which had been commonly used locally for wooden structures, as well as ground-level construction.

? Throughout the period of feudal society, in order to reflect the hierarchical status of all social classes, the scale, size and even decoration and decoration of residential buildings can be used is also limited. Therefore, examining the pre-liberation period, the vast majority of rural villages were tiled or straw houses, with a few villages having one or two old-fashioned buildings of brick and wood construction. A typical cottage was a 3-room house with a cross house. The one in the middle of the main house was called "compartment" (guest room), the back half of the side room was the bedroom, and the front half or the cross house was used as the kitchen.

? For rural housing, the Tongli Township Records recorded: "60s live in straw houses, 70s live in tile houses, 80s live in buildings, 90s live in houses". Neighboring Tongli's eight chapters also experienced the same course, 60's before the grass and tile houses, the site in front of the house, next to the vegetable garden, the whole premises, green shade around, and all for the bungalow. In the eighties you can still see the remains of the adobe wall, then there is a section behind my house, I think it is the residue of the neighbor's former hayloft demolition, right? There are small holes in the wall made by a type of bee that is larger than the average bee, and this type of bee acts alone most of the time. When we came home from school at dusk, we would twist a glass bottle with some canola flowers in one hand, take a twig in the other, and dig into the small holes in the mud wall, and the bee would come out of the holes with a buzzing sound, and we could easily catch it by aiming at it with the mouth of the bottle. This kind of wasp is called "Wu mite" in our native language, but I don't know what it is in writing. Some say it's a mud bee, some say it's a bumblebee, but I know from Baidu that the description of the wall wasp is closer, so I think I'll have to consult an expert beekeeper to find out what it is. However, with the disappearance of the earth wall, this kind of bee also followed the disappearance of this kind of bee, I do not know where to go?

? Farmers' houses in Bapu mainly chose lots with convenient farming, abundant water, convenient transportation and high terrain to establish house foundations and form villages. After a long period of practice, the construction of farm houses has accumulated rich experience, using very practical principles of site selection. Throughout the ages, farmhouses have been built along the river if they are in a position to do so, and it is rare for a house not to be built near the river. In addition, the house is mainly located in the north and south, the advantage is that it is easy to light, avoid the cold wind. The people choose the site of the house is still taboo, generally do not choose the mouth of the river, do not choose the graves, do not choose the mouth of the bridge, etc., if it can not be avoided then you need to carry out the transformation, such as in the terrain around the house to transform, or to break the law. Usually the town house decongesting things are: half a valve millstone, built in the wall by the gate; yellow tiger, shaped with lime tiger head molded in the left wall of the gate; demon-shooting mirror, the original round copper mirror, later changed into a glass mirror, embedded in the gate above the threshold.

? In addition, in the countryside, the number of houses rarely see a room, four rooms, which is probably Ming "Luban Jing" to determine the rules of good and bad: "a murder, the two room from the same, three rooms, four rooms, four rooms of murder, five rooms of good, six rooms of murder, seven rooms of good, eight rooms of murder, nine rooms of good." Due to influence, right?

? When I was a child, but also often listen to adults to discuss the building of the house has a five-way head, seven-way head of the name, then do not know what it means, and later contact with the building are reinforced concrete structure of high-rise buildings also can not hear this statement. On the contrary, "Taoyuan Township" and "Tanqiu Township" in this reference, but it is not clear. Occasionally turn over the 1993 edition of "Shanghai County" explained as: "into the depth of five columns, seven columns, nine columns, called five road head, seven road head, nine road head," it seems that the so-called several road head also refers to the number of roof beams, that is, the number of trusses, how many trusses is called how many road head. If there are five trusses of the house is called five road head house.

People in the countryside used to build houses with five-road head, seven-road head mostly, and occasionally nine-road head. In folklore, house building is an extremely important thing, not rash. The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine says: "The house, the person's foundation. People to house for the family, living if the security, that is, the family generation of prosperity, if not, that is, the family decline." Therefore, the townspeople to build a house ceremony is very important. Such as groundbreaking before the start of construction, will generally ask Mr. Feng Shui to determine the orientation of the house foundation, choose the date of construction; some of them ask the master to ask the master to choose the day. Before the start of construction, in a corner of the house base buried a "pre-stone". It is said that if an accident occurs, just pry loose the "pre-stone" and it will be solved. In addition, also prepared food and wine, incense and candles in the home base to sacrifice "land", blessing peace. After the law is broken, the plinth is opened (the top stone of the pillar). When playing the foundation, by the head master (masonry foreman) command, four people put rammer, four people pull the rope, lifting and playing down, the action must be coordinated, only easy to save energy, improve work efficiency, no accidents. By a person to lead the singing "ramming tune", others and tune, its tune of staccato, solid and powerful, extraordinarily good to hear, belongs to a class of labor horns. Ramming day, the proprietor must do wine hospitality workers.

? The columns and beams are the key stage in the construction of the house. On the day of the pillar on the beam, relatives and friends to bring hooves, steamed cakes, etc. to congratulate, commonly known as the担 "造屋盘"。 The master's in-laws to carry "on the beam plate", send fish, cakes, steamed buns, dumplings, firecrackers, firecrackers, sugar cane, fruit and other gifts. On the main beam is extremely elaborate. The center of the beam wrapped in a red cloth, hanging a bunch of Nianqing, embedded in a copper coin. On the beam when the hour came, craftsmen led the team climbed on the beam at the mouth chanting auspicious words, in the sound of firecrackers, firecrackers, set up a good beam, down the scattering of sweets and pastries, the crowd scrambled to pick up, commonly known as the "throw beam", "grab steamed buns". After the end of the beam, the proprietor gave craftsmen red packets, prepared "on the beam wine" feast craftsmen, handymen.

The completion of the ridge on behalf of the completion of the new house, the proprietor to organize a "completion wine", hospitality for the construction of the house has contributed to the people. 1980s, the construction of buildings, the emergence of the "throw floor boards", the form of similar to the throw beams, but also the continuation of the custom, right?

? In the 1980s, our neighbors in the northeast of the house is from the north of Suzhou, the old Zhang couple, they live in the house is a three-room seven road head bungalow. I don't know why, but the swallows especially liked to nest under the eaves of their house, and there were more than one or two of them. The murmuring of the swallows and their flying figures added a lot of liveliness to the house of the two old men. Later, when the owner passed away, the house was empty. After that, the bungalows in the village were gradually replaced by buildings, and the scene of swallows gathering under the eaves of one house to build nests never appeared again. Maybe the swallows also like the traditional houses that "permeate the villages and houses, is the rich cultivation and study of the culture of bookishness and the simple and honest character of the townspeople, as well as the green mountains and green water for many years to cultivate a sense of affinity with nature", right? "Right?

? (To be continued)

(Welcome to those who know the story of Bachan to provide writing information)

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