Students winter vacation social practice activities summary template

Students winter vacation social practice activities summary template 7

Practice is awareness of the illustration of the necessity and importance of hands-on practice, but does not exclude the need to learn indirect experience. Below I bring you a summary template of students' winter vacation social practice activities, I hope you like it!

Students winter vacation social practice activities summary template Article 1

In the winter vacation holiday starting from __X year X month __ to February 20, I carried out my winter vacation social practice. After a million considerations, I decided to conduct a questionnaire survey work alone for the first time.

Although it was the first time I tried to do a questionnaire alone, compared to the summer vacation, I was able to maintain a good state of practice at all times during the winter vacation, both in terms of weather conditions and the practice environment. Before this, I once thought that the questionnaire survey is a simple work, because I have participated in the questionnaire survey as a respondent many times before, and I only saw some superficial work in the survey process. But this time, when I personally try, only to know the survey work is trivial and not easy.

At the moment I decided to do the survey work, I made up my mind: no matter how tiring and bitter this practice, I must stick to it and not give up halfway. Thinking about the last vacation practice of the failure of the results, this time I asked my family as my survey work inspector, supervise my work ...... in the view of the respondents, the questionnaire is just a piece of paper for people to freely vent, and this time I realized that the completion of a survey questionnaire is to pay a lot of time and ideas. Since the theme of the survey was "Secondary School Students' Study and Winter Vacation Plan", I came up with some survey questions for this theme. Although there were not many questions, I believe that they could fully reflect the attitude of the respondents towards study. Fortunately, during the school period have listened to the school organization on the survey work of the lecture, so do the questionnaire will not be unprepared, and finally I strictly in accordance with the format of the questionnaire to complete the questionnaire.

The distribution of the questionnaires was the biggest problem in my work. I tried to hand out the printed questionnaires to the high school students, but I was met with disdainful stares and the sadness of having the questionnaires crumpled up and thrown into the garbage. The first time I took the questionnaire and handed it out on the street, I was already a bit apprehensive, and seeing the results, I had more than one thought of backing out. In the end, it was my father who gave me hope again. He told me that now is the information age, the questionnaire can also be distributed to more people through the network, right? It was then that I realized that there is always more than one way to solve a problem. I remembered that I have a lot of junior high school classmates on the QQ list, they are now in high school, just belong to the survey target population. So I got in touch with them one by one and transmitted the questionnaire to them through the network, a few days later, I did receive a lot of results. Later, not only classmates, even classmates of classmates, siblings, all in school secondary school students, have become my survey object. Investigation work day by day further progress.

By the end of the winter vacation, I also finally received the questionnaire to do a count. The results of the survey are as follows: 77.55% of secondary school students think that school learning life is boring and want to escape: 59.18% of secondary school students in the weekly study always look forward to the weekend: 22.45% of secondary school students are interested in anything, 6.12% of secondary school students are interested in the arts, 4.08% of secondary school students are not interested in extracurricular things at the present time; and in the learning stage, 24.49% of In the study stage, 24.49% of the middle school students have confidence in their own learning, 63.27% of the middle school students do not have much confidence in their own learning, 8.16% of the middle school students said that they do not want to give up their studies, but they always can't be quiet to do their studies. In the winter almost ah survey, only a few people said that the winter holiday has no intention, and there are close to 2/3 of secondary school students think that during the school learning pressure is too great, want to use the winter holiday to go out and play, with classmates or do physical exercise to relax themselves, close to 1/3 of secondary school students want to make up for the last semester did not learn to make up for the next semester's learning in mind.

The results of the survey show that the school life of secondary school students is still dominated by the monotony of classroom learning and the lack of extracurricular activities and exercise, while the winter vacation is popular because it gives us a space to relieve the pressure of study and work, and also allows us to have a new mood after the vacation rest, and more energetic spirit to face the new semester.

The above is my winter vacation social practice report. This practice has benefited me a lot.

Students winter vacation social practice summary template Part 2

This winter vacation, we participated in the social practice organized by the school, our team visited our alma mater Since we graduated more than a year ago, some teachers were transferred for various reasons, so we conducted a telephone interview with them. At the beginning of the school year, we also contacted the school leaders to conduct a meaningful class reunion class specifically for a senior class. During the class, we talked about our study and life in the university, and also introduced an overview of our Hangdian. At the end of the class, they asked questions about college and filling out volunteers. As the atmosphere was quite lively, a class passed without us realizing it.

Although the social practice is quite troublesome, as a sophomore who is about to enter the society, I am in the mood of learning and immense curiosity to meet the challenge. We imagined all the situations that would happen, lest we could not have a response. Since we had similar energies in high school, we thought it would be a very simple thing to do. But only when we experienced it ourselves did we realize that a seemingly simple thing requires so much preparation and anticipation beforehand, as well as preparation to cope with various emergencies. Social practice activities have come to an end, but the great impact that this social practice has brought to me is far from over. It makes me leave the comfortable life in the ivory tower, get out of the campus, get out of the classroom, go to the society, and embark on the road of combining with practice. In the social classroom to see the world, show talent, growth of talent, honing will, in practice to test themselves.

This winter vacation, I did not idle, but very honored to join the local "red ants" volunteer group, began my hometown for the first step of youth volunteer service. The "red ants" volunteer group was formed by a sister and her elementary school classmates at the same school as mine. I was very excited when I received the invitation because there was a group of people who had the same idea as me and worked together, not to mention a group of energetic and enthusiastic college and high school students. Soon after, we began planning our team's first event: "Operation CD-ROM".

From the team's own publicity before the event, to the creation of our own Sina Weibo, Renren page, QQ group, and the recruitment of new members, our team grew little by little, and eventually expanded to about 20 people. Immediately after the "CD-ROM Action", we wrote the pre-planning and launched a comprehensive campaign three days in advance. Posters, badges, and name tags were produced one after another, just waiting for the event to come. However, the weather was not kind to us, and the scheduled event was postponed due to heavy rain, leaving us with a futile pre-publicity campaign. However, on February 16th, after a year, we still held the event we had been planning for a long time. The number of participants and the enthusiasm of the public exceeded our expectations, and the event was a great success. I think this is the beautiful "debut" of our Sanmen youth volunteers.

Although this winter vacation is very busy, the family business is very busy in need of manpower, but I still insisted on participating in the event planning, publicity, participation and other aspects, and feel very fulfilled. As it turns out, it's not a matter of not having enough time, but of being willing to do the work. In fact, I was reflecting on whether my good idea would still be just an idea if that sister hadn't dragged me along to join them, or if they hadn't taken action to form such a volunteer group. Without any action at all, would it have remained an empty talk. This makes me enough to give myself a big slap in the face, because in this matter, I just do an action dwarf.

Looking back on the "red ants" volunteer group from the creation of the first successful activities, although we do not do something big, or nothing at all, but we are very confident to say that we played a very beautiful first shot. I think, by now, some people in my hometown should know about "Red Ants", and know that there is such a caring and enthusiastic group and a group of energetic young people. In college, I did not join any volunteer groups, not that I do not like volunteer activities, just that I did not have time to do a good job as a qualified volunteer. Now, after returning to my hometown, I became a volunteer during my vacation, even though there is no formal formalities for volunteers to join the group, and even though the force is still very weak. But what is a volunteer, there should be this love, the spirit of selfless dedication. Volunteers and why do not need to be rewarded, have to record the black and white word in the file, we just do what we like, to fulfill our obligations as young people, to our society, the people around us to contribute to the strength of their ability. I think this is the idea that volunteers should have. Honestly, I am quite disgusted with the various awarding systems in university volunteer organizations. Although the formulation of these awarding systems is to some extent an incentive for most people to work conscientiously and responsibly, it is a certain deviation from the real volunteer concept. I don't know if the group of people who quit after volunteering for a year will all be willing to join other volunteer services in the future, I hope they all still keep the enthusiasm of volunteers, no matter where they are, never forgetting that they can help the people around them.

I believe that the hometown of volunteerism will be led by our "red ants" gradually from the virtual to the practical, so that the hometown of young people have more opportunities to contact the community, experience the joy of public welfare! The "red ants" is small, but because of the unity, we have great power.

Students winter vacation social practice activities summary template 3

Social practice consists of two parts, one is to do the questionnaire, one is in the clothing store as a temporary salesman.

① The questionnaire is a survey on the physical and psychological situation of the elderly living alone, and felt a lot during the survey. Most of the old people are in their sixties, couples living together, some children in the same city, some in the neighboring cities, so their relationship with their children are still good, it can be seen that they are still pleased. But at the same time, watching the old people answer the questions and seeing their answers, I can't help but feel a little sad. Some of the old people do not know many words, the title sometimes read there are a few misspelled words, I patiently read the title to them, a questionnaire a few pages only, but enough to do about half an hour, they are also tired of watching, then only one idea in mind is that it is really hard for them.

On some health issues, some of them do not sleep well at night, some have chronic diseases, some have had a stroke, handicap, some will be dizziness and tingling, to see these, the heart of a hard time. People really reach a certain age, day by day began to aging, hair white, hand tremor, feet not numb, just like our grandparents and fathers, are now slowly going senile, the body also began to go downhill, do not need anything else, need is more care and companionship. Children do not always say that there is not enough time, too busy at work, until you have plenty of time, parents have less time left, one day less day, do not come to regret the time to regret, only to blame themselves. There are a few questions I remember very well, "Do you feel lonely and isolated?" "Do you feel sad about small things?" "Do you feel like crying sometimes?" Many elderly people filled in the questionnaire that they sometimes feel lonely and isolated. As men, most of the grandparents answered no to the last two questions, but the grandmothers usually answered yes. It is because of these questionnaires that I can see their thoughts that they may not normally speak out, and what they really feel inside. I think the children will be touched by these answers, saying that they are fine and don't worry, but their parents really need them.

The main theme of this winter vacation is the Chinese New Year, which is a time for family reunions and a lively new year. This year's Spring Festival extended family gathered in Guangdong, together to take a group photo, the strong sense of belonging is beyond words, home is always there, no matter how long you have not returned, there are still loved ones waiting. No matter what quarrels have happened in the past, in the moment the shutter is pressed, all the unhappiness is shattered, and there is nothing but peace in the photo. May the children return home on the road safe and smooth, to the home to accompany their parents, and loved ones to get together, cherish the warmth of blood thicker than water.

② in the clothing store as a salesman to say that it is also a coincidence, it happens to be a classmate in a large market to play winter vacation, and then accompanied her to experience a few days. In order to how to sell, I thought a lot about it. Usually when you buy clothes, you are the customer, what kind of service you like at this time can be changed to try. I myself is not much like the kind of door, began to give you a special enthusiasm to introduce this and that, always feel a little uncomfortable, but into the door do not listen to do not ask is of course not desirable. My practice is that when the guests into the store, I will be very enthusiastic and they said: "visit, see if there is a favorite, you can try on, if there is any problem can call me." I think this is more enthusiastic, but also let the guests have their own selection of space, they also feel comfortable in the heart a lot.

In addition, the sales tool is to have, after all, to make money. After the guests try on, I will objectively evaluate, of course, to first see what the guests attitude, is very like, or hesitation, or not too satisfied. If the guests like it, you think it is not suitable for the guests, at this time, you need to express politely, such as trying other styles, maybe it will be good, or have to improvise; if the guests hesitated, you will put their own ideas appropriate to say for reference; if the guests are not very satisfied, then ask to see if there is no favorite, you can look at it again. This down, look at the expression, most guests are still quite satisfied with the service. As for the price problem, the owner of the clothing provisions can not return the price, so for the guests to return the price, we have politely refused, most of them are still reasonable, but there are a few attitude is not very good. A few days down, also sold a few coats, sweaters, jackets, pants, shoes, hats and scarves, the results are not bad.

After this sales experience, and social interaction with people a step forward, what people in society, what people should be avoided, what people should be socialized, but also a more profound understanding. At the same time also experienced the businessman is not easy, in the future to treat people to know how to think differently, can let it let, do not spend time in the catty, eat a little bit of a small loss is a blessing, as the saying goes, the old man lost his fortune, how do you know it is not a blessing?

Students winter vacation social practice activities summary template 4

After nearly a week of social practice, I have a lot of feelings, we have seen the real side of society, the practice of life every day encountered in the situation is still in my mind, it gives us an unexpected effect, social practice activities to live in the city of the Ivory Tower in the college students provide a wide range of contact with the community, understanding of the community's opportunities.

The social practice activities give college students living in the urban ivory tower the opportunity to have extensive contact with society and understand it.

"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step", this short but fulfilling internship, I think it plays a bridge role for me to society, the role of transition, is an important experience in life, but also an important step, and will have a great help in the future to the workplace. Ask others for advice, civilized interaction with others and other basic principles of doing people in the world should be seriously implemented in real life, good habits should also be cultivated in real life.

This period of time learned and knowledge is a valuable asset in my life. This internship also let me y understand that it is very important to maintain a good relationship with the group. Doing things first to learn to be a person, to understand the truth of being a person, how to get along with people is the modern society of being a person's one of the most basic problems. For oneself such a person who is about to enter the community, need to learn a lot of things, they are the teacher, as the saying goes, "three people, there must be my teacher", we can learn from them a lot of knowledge, reason.

Practice is a way for students to get in touch with the society, understand the society, serve the society, and use the knowledge they have learned to practice themselves. The practice of hands-on, rather than closed-door work. Realize the leap from theory to practice to theory. Enhance the ability to recognize, analyze and solve problems. To recognize the society, understand the society, into the society to lay a good foundation at the same time also need us in the future learning to arm themselves with knowledge, with books to enrich themselves, for the future service society to lay a more solid foundation!

Through this social practice activities, we gradually understand the society, broaden the horizons, growth of talent, and in the social practice activities to recognize their own position, found their own shortcomings, their own value can be evaluated objectively. This intangibly makes us have a correct positioning of their own future, and enhance their own efforts to learn knowledge and will be combined with the community's confidence and perseverance. For college students who are about to embark on the society, they should enter the society earlier, recognize the society and adapt to the society. The summer social practice of college students is an important stage for college students to sharpen their character, grow their talents and realize their overall development.

The first time to participate in social practice, I understand that college students social practice is to guide our students out of school, to the community, contact with the community, understanding of the community, into the community in a good form; is to cultivate the exercise of talent is good; is to enhance the idea, cultivate the body, set up to serve the community of the idea of an effective way.

By participating in social practice activities, help us in the school college students to update the concept, absorb new ideas and knowledge. Different time of social practice, a flash, but let me from the realization of a lot of things, and these things will let me lifelong use. Social practice has deepened our feelings with people from all walks of life, brought me closer to society, and further clarified the road to success and the historical mission of our young students. The society is the big classroom to learn and suffer, in that vast world, the value of our life has been reflected, for the future more intense competition to lay a more solid foundation

Here we really exercise their own, for the future into the community to do a better job of laying the groundwork for the future if there is an opportunity, I will be more active in participating in such activities.

In this summer social practice I got a lot of feelings:

1. earn money hard

All day long hard work, every day to face are the same thing, really boring ah! It's so hard! At that time, we really understand, the original parents work outside to earn money is really not easy!

2. Interpersonal relations

In this practice, let us have a very touching point on the aspect, we all know that interpersonal communication in society is very complex, but exactly how complex, we want to be difficult to say clearly, only experienced to understand. In order to have a deep feeling, we come together for the sake of work, each person has their own ideas and personalities, to deal with him (her) they have to need a lot of skills, depending on how you grasp it. The point we want to make is that in socializing, since we can't change something, then we learn to adapt to it. If it doesn't work, then change to adapt to it. Let us master a lot of things in our respective social practice activities, the most important thing is that it makes us make great progress in this aspect of how to treat people and how to deal with interpersonal relationships. At the same time in these social practices so that we y realize that we must be diligent in the work of the hands of the slow pondering, constantly learning and accumulating. Encountered do not understand the place, the first to find ways to solve their own, really can not be modest to ask others, and no self-learning ability to be eliminated sooner or later by the enterprise and society.

3. Management of administrators

In the place of working practice, there are a lot of administrators, who are just like the leaders in our schools and class cadres in our classes. To be a good manager, you must have a good management method, you have to manage your staff, your subordinates, your classmates with an artistic management method! To make them obey your management . Then you have to use different management methods for each employee or each student, meaning: in the management of different people! But also with a sincere heart to deal with them, so that everyone can obey, to help the work.

4. Self-improvement and self-reliance

As the saying goes: "At home for a thousand days, go out half a "trick" difficult!" Meaning: at home, we have our own parents to take care of, care, care! That is certainly a carefree life, but as long as you go to work outside, no matter what difficulties you encounter, frustration is to rely on their own to solve the problem, in this month, so that I learned to self-improvement and self-reliance! In the past month or so, I have learned to be self-reliant! Now, even if my parents are not at my side, I can be independent!

5. Knowledge comes from practice

All knowledge comes from practice. The fact that practice is the source of knowledge shows the necessity and importance of hands-on experience, but does not exclude the need to learn from indirect experience.

This practical activity enriches our practical experience, improves our teamwork ability, and makes us know more about the society through this practice, which is of far-reaching significance and helps us enjoy our life. As a college student in the 21st century, social practice is a good form to guide us out of school, into the community, and into society; we need to seize the good opportunity to cultivate and exercise our talents; enhance our cultivation, and set up the idea of serving the community and awareness. At the same time, we need to set up ambitious ideals, clear their own goals, for the development of the motherland to contribute a part of their own strength!

Students winter vacation social practice activities summary template article 5

This year I have been sophomore, the third year is coming soon, the thought of which I am also very nervous. Because it also represents that I am not far from graduation. As a college student, I believe that we all have some fear and anticipation of graduation, this double contradiction also makes us more tormented, in order to overcome this fear, I carried out a social practice activities in this year's winter vacation, I think only the first step into the practice, I will know what I really lack, from which place to correct.

This year's winter vacation a vacation I stepped into the practice, I was in the school next to a large shopping mall to do customer service reception, this job is not as simple as I thought, I thought the receptionist as long as the need to help people to provide help on it, I did not think of the front of the job is far more than I imagined the need for perseverance, the need for courage, and the ability to cope with the situation. At the beginning, there was an old staff to take me, that period of time is a period of my growth, but also the fastest period of time for me to learn things. Originally thought I was fully competent, but when I really to the position, I realized that I am still a little white. In the face of some of the questions raised by the customer, sometimes do not know how to answer, or need to help around the colleagues to pass. At that time, I was a little disappointed in myself, in school, I always thought my learning ability is very strong, a practice, all my shortcomings are exposed.

First, when facing strangers, I'm not very confident, and I'm not very good at talking, so when facing some difficult questions, I can't answer them, and sometimes I'm complained by customers and scolded. This kind of feeling is very bad, I never thought of entering society not only to learn to grow, but also to learn to endure and suffer. I have thought of quitting again and again, but my reasoning tells me that since I have already experienced these things, I should continue to go on. Only by continuing can I see the final results, and what I'm going through now is just for a better me. So in the days that followed, I set my mind right and told myself to be firm in my resolve and not to be bothered by things that didn't matter. So I gradually stabilized in the latter part of the period, and I really grew up.

In the process of our growth, often feel more difficult, more difficult time, is our fastest growth period. People can't be without ambition, and life can't be smooth sailing. I still need to learn in the future, this practice is just a short experience, but I am also very clear about which direction I should go, I will study harder, keep a heart of struggle in life, for themselves, for the future, do a fight!

Students winter vacation social practice activities summary template 6

First, teachers and students attach great importance to the activities of the content of the arrangement of solid in place

In order to ensure that the winter vacation social practice activities are not a formality, the school seriously summed up the past to carry out the social practice activities of the gains and losses, drawing on the past work experience, in the arrangement of the work of the former, the organization of the staff to fill the serious study of the county education bureau on the county of the Primary and secondary school students to carry out winter vacation practice activities notice" the spirit of the document and the relevant requirements, so that all staff fully understand the importance of carrying out winter vacation social practice activities. Combined with the actuality of our school, the social practice activities are attributed to 9 major themes.

First, actively participate in the "Thanksgiving" return activities, the use of the holidays at home to help parents do what they can, such as冼衣, cooking, cleaning, in this way to express the parents of the grace of parenthood, so that they know how to be thankful, and develop the habit of gratitude;

Second, in the holidays to friends and relatives to actively promote the "Thanksgiving", the "Thanksgiving", the "Thanksgiving", the "Thanksgiving", the "Thanksgiving", the "Thanksgiving" and the "Thanksgiving".

The second is to actively publicize to friends and relatives on holidays, "driving not drinking, drinking not driving", resolutely refusing to drink and drive;

The third is to watch a good movie, enjoy a painting exhibition, visit a museum, to improve the aesthetic sense and artistic interest;

The fourth is to adhere to the sports, choose one or two favorite sports, and exercise every day;

The fourth is to adhere to the sports, choose one or two sports, and exercise every day.

Fifth, continue to carry out the "read a good book, write after reading" activities.

Sixth, through the network of books, a traditional Chinese culture and etiquette learning, to be a "filial piety" students, and published a "gratitude, filial piety" as the theme of the handbill;

Seven, learning about the law and other related knowledge, and published a "learning to learn the law" as the theme of the handbill;

Seven. published a "learning the law, abide by the law" as the theme of the handbill;

eight, to carry out "feel the new changes in their hometown" activities, to go to their hometown landmarks, the most influential changes in the place to play, write a travelogue to record the changes found, but also available Recorded on camera, the beginning of the period in the class for a photo exhibition;

Nine, to participate in a social practice activities, in the community to do some voluntary labor, do a "little environmental protection guard", do a "green" as the theme of the handbook. All classes can complete the task on time according to the requirements, solidly carry out different forms of winter vacation social practice activities.

Second, the content of the activities is rich, the form of flexible and diverse

Our school social practice activities in various forms, there are collective, but also individual activities, through the view of the activities of the feedback form and the activities of the class summaries, reflecting the school winter vacation social practice activities are relatively rich in content.

First, the fourth and fifth grade students are required to use the winter vacation to use the Internet and other resources to write a reading, complete a handbill. Through reading books, collecting information to write (draw) their own feelings, to further enable students to understand the changes in the motherland and the importance of abiding by laws and regulations. This greatly expands the students' knowledge horizons;

Secondly, a variety of experiential activities, so that students through personal experience to sense the morality of being a human being; thirdly, the development of the students' hands-on production capacity.

Students winter vacation social practice activities summarize the template of the 7

2. The placement of goods also have to pay attention to. Clothing worn on top of the model, with the help of the model's body temperament will upgrade the charm of the clothing, thus inducing customers to buy more desire to play a promotional role. Not only is the new season eligible to wear the new models on the model, those seasonal old clothing if you want to sell quickly, can also be so similar to attract customer attention, accelerate the flow of goods.

3. In the placement of goods, second only to the effect of the model is the wall window. Although the hot clothes hanging in a conspicuous position can be sold, but if there is a need to take advantage of the season to deal with the clothes sold, it is necessary to select the priority to hang it out. After all, the real explosion is not to worry too much about its source of customers.

4. Service quality and attitude to a certain extent can affect the sales of goods. Salesman is also a salesperson, familiar with the brand culture, understanding of goods is the basis of sales service, can ensure the quality of service. Service attitude determines the mood of the customer, and then around the purchase desire has not yet stabilized. Once the salesman arrogant attitude towards a customer, not polite, will also greatly affect him (and even the store, the brand) in the eyes of other customers, often resulting in adverse chain reaction.

5. Increase the source of many ways, not only goods, stores, brands and other aspects of the "hardware equipment", but also flow in all the details of the "software equipment". Clothing discounts, distribution of free gifts can increase the desire to buy and increase the number of customers - this is the easiest to notice, but also the most commonly used methods. In the road snow, sweeping out a spacious access to the store, in the steps at the non-slip carpet, this is different from other newly opened up "access" can attract the attention of customers to improve the image of the store, in the "by-pass" in the increase in the source of customers. In the same city, the same brand agent of a number of stores chain, the implementation of the source **** enjoy, in the lack of goods can be replenished each other, you can retain the size and color and other less than ideal and lost that part of the customer base.

6. One of the most fearful of accidental loss of business is theft, although this situation is rare, but can not be sloppy and careless, to guard against the unexpected. In particular, we must pay attention to the customers to be vigilant in carrying large bags and hold a child's person, beware of its merchandise hidden in the cracks.

7. "Inventory" is a part of marketing. In PLAYBOY this brand, the United States Playboy Enterprises International Limited is the owner of the trademark of the flower company, Hong Kong Pre-Fair Investment Company Limited is the general agent of Playboy China, under the provincial agents, regional agents. Into the goods, will go to the provinces and regions of the distribution agent, from the brand business inherent in the style of the selection of the preferred style, order the number of colors and sizes, waiting for the businessmen to ship. Therefore, the goods do not need to carry too much luggage, and do not have to bargain, shopping around, branded clothing has its own molded mode of operation, in all aspects of direct sales, franchisees to provide quality services.