Who invented soccer?

The Han and Tang dynasties were the most prosperous periods in the development of ancient Chinese soccer, which developed into a direct confrontation competition. In the Tang Dynasty (618-97), the ball used in Cuju was changed from a ball filled with hair to a ball blown by a person's mouth, and two goals were used instead of a "jiu room". To the Song Dynasty (AD 960 to 1279), Cuju more developed double goal and single goal competition, and called Qiyunsha or round the club organization appeared, and the ball used by people blowing with their mouths, the development of the use of air cylinders to pump, closer and closer to modern soccer.

Cuju in the Han Dynasty is a means of training soldiers, the development of a more complete system. Such as specializing in the setting of the stadium, the provisions of the east-west direction of the rectangle, each end of the six symmetrical "bow domain" also known as "bow room", each guarded by a person. The field was surrounded by a wall. The game is divided into two teams, mutual offense and defense, to kick the number of times into the other side of the bow room to decide the winner.

After the initial popularity of the Han Dynasty, the Tang and Song dynasties cuju activities reached a climax, and even appeared in accordance with the field position division of labor kicking. Cuju in the Tang Dynasty has a variety of ways, there is the number of times the top of the game ball "play bow", there is the middle of the field hanging nets, similar to the net soccer "white hit", there are many people involved in the scramble "jumping bow", there is the establishment of the goal game, and the game will be the winner of the match. There is also the establishment of the goal of the game, this way each team has a certain number of people and a fixed position, the provisions of the players can only kick in their own position, can not move.

In early 2004, FIFA confirmed that soccer originated in China, and that "cuju" is the earliest historically documented soccer event. The world's earliest soccer ball was selected as a world record by the Chinese World Records Association.

Song cuju brief

"Cuju" word, first contained in the "Records of the Historical Records - Su Qin biography", Su Qin when he lobbied King Xuan of Qi, described Linzi: "Linzi is very rich and real, and its people do not not blow the pole, drums, stepping on the jiu people. "Step" that is "cu", kicking the meaning. "Jiu" is a ball, which is the ancient soccer ball. In the Han Dynasty, there are records about cuju in Xijing Miscellaneous Records, Salt and Iron Theory, Cuju New Book, and Liu Xiang Bielu. Three Kingdoms, two Jin Dynasty, North and South Dynasty, the practice of cuju is still popular. Tang Dynasty, cuju is still a very common sport, Du Fu said in a poem: "ten years overlooking the bow will be fledgling far, thousands of miles of the same customs of the autumn and the thousand". However, there has been a great development. There are three main:

(1) with an inflatable ball: "Song Dynasty Facts Class Court" in: "Yan Shigu note Huo Zhaodi bud domains kicking bow cloud: 'Bow to the skin for the real hair, cu cu and the play.' Yan said that the bow is so, to the late Tang has been different." Xu Jian, "the beginning of learning": "today's cuju is said to play cones. Ancient use of hair fiber knot, today with leather, to cell for the inside of the hush closed and cu."

(2) The establishment of the goal: "Cuju began in the Tang Dynasty with the planting of two bamboos, which were several zhang in height, and the netting was set on top of them, which was used as a gate to measure the ball; the ball was divided into two parts and the left and right ponies, which were used to win or lose by the angle, which is the first and foremost thing to be said about cuyu.

(3) Various kicking styles: Double goal kicking style: Zhong Wuyan of the Tang Dynasty recorded it in "Balloon Fugue". Single-goal kick: This can be seen in the "Atlas of Cuju". No goal kicking: a person or a few people kicking alone, known as playing the bow; two people against the kick is called the white fight; more than three people **** kicking is called the field household, such as three people field household, four people field household.

The first documented fan

Xiang Chu in the Western Han Dynasty was the first documented fan, but his experience was unfortunate. According to the "Records of the Grand Historian" (史记-扁鹊仓公列传), a famous doctor, Chun Yu Yi (淳于意) treated Xiang Chu (项处) and advised him not to overwork, but Xiang Chu (项处) didn't listen to his advice and went out to play soccer, which resulted in the vomiting of blood and his death, and made Xiang Chu (项处) the world's first documented fan.

The history of the first starting list

The Southern Song Dynasty, "Old Story of Wulin" has listed the list of the two teams and the position of the "thirty-two people to build the ball" competition: "The left army of sixteen people: the ball head of the Zhang Jun, stilts the ball Wang Ren, the positive hostage Zhu Zhuo, the head of the hostage Schizai, the left pole netting Ding interpretation, the right pole netting Zhang Lin, scattered Hu Chun, etc.; the left pole netting Zhang Chun, the right pole netting, scattered Hu Chun and so on. The right army of 16 men: the head of the ball Li Zheng, stilt ball Zhu Zhen, the head of the host Zhu Zhuan, the deputy host Zhang Ning, the left pole net Xu Bing, the right pole net Wang Yu, the scattered stand of Chen Jun, etc.". I'm afraid this is the history of the first soccer "first list".

History of soccer

In 307 BC, during the Warring States period, King Wuling of Zhao reformed the implementation of the "hu clothing riding and archery", the people of Zhao learned to horseback riding and archery. The king of Zhao often rode out of the city with his cronies on horseback, which was very impressive. One day, came to a forest, saw a few rabbits in the forest, the king opened his mouth, "catching live", so the soldiers divided into four, and caught, do not want to scare, the rabbits run straight, from the horse group of the flat cracks have fled, and nothing, the people shook their heads and sighed. A strategist suddenly bright eyes, came forward to offer advice "king, this pig roundup is very interesting, we may as well use the ball instead of the rabbit, without leaving the palace gate can be played every day." "Good idea" praised the king of Zhao "this matter will be left to you to take full responsibility". Thus, soccer was born in China. But at the time, it was still a sport played on a horse, called "cuju".

By the Han Dynasty, there was a soccer field dedicated to the game, called "Jiu City", Jiu City for the rectangular, each end of the six Jiu room, presented in the shape of a hole in the moon, symmetrical, surrounded by a wall. Tang Dynasty is the prosperity of cuju activities, this period, not only has a great development, and soccer began to export, first landed in the place of the United Kingdom.

Cuju was originally exported as a complete product, but due to the underdeveloped transportation at that time, the transportation is very backward, after months of long-distance travel, Cuju in the United Kingdom when they arrived, the horses have died of exhaustion, only a ball left. But this is a ball, Britain is still regarded as a treasure, limited to the exclusive activities of the royal family, prohibit folk to enjoy this recreational activities.

In the 11th century, the Danes invaded England. One day, when the English were digging up the battlefield, they happened to dig up a few Danish skulls. Thinking of the Danish invasion of evil, these English people are extremely angry, they raised their feet and kicked hard at the skulls, to solve the anger, but also quite feel the fun of playing soccer. So, digging the battlefield of England more and more to participate in this kick "ball" ranks, a group of children to see they also come to kick, but they found that the skull kicked up the foot pain, so the bladder with a cow to blow instead of it - this is the birth of modern soccer. This patriotic behavior impressed the king of England, in order to reward the people, the king of England ordered the royal soccer open to the people. Soon, the game of soccer spread among the people and became a popular sport and entertainment.

At the beginning of the 12th century, the United Kingdom began to have soccer matches. The matches were recreational events, held twice a year, usually between two cities. The game was started when the host threw the ball in the air. Both sides will be a bundle on, yelling and shouting, and kicking and hugging, which side can kick the ball into the other side of the downtown area, which side is considered a victory. If the ball halfway into the residents of the house, the athletes also swarmed into the chaotic beat and kick, often the house things smashed to pieces, the owner had to sigh his own bad luck. Pedestrians on the road encountered the ball rolled, will suffer a flying accident. Therefore, at that time, when the ball game came, people had to avoid disaster, closed their homes, until the end of the game, before returning to normal. Such a ball game by the public's strong opposition, the British government issued a ban: the provisions of the soccer game to be played in the open space, into the downtown area of the heavy fines, so there is a special soccer stadium.

On October 26, 1863, the world's first soccer organization, the Football Association of England, was established in London, and the rules were unified, and modern soccer was officially established.

In ancient China, kicking a soccer ball was called "cuju". As early as 2,000 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, cuju was played. In the Western Han Dynasty, a "Cuju City" was built for the competition. In the Tang Dynasty, when Cuju was in its heyday, balls filled with gas were used instead of balls filled with hair, called "gas blankets", and goals were used instead of bow rooms. In the West, after the 10th century, soccer was played in France, Italy, England and other countries. By the end of the 15th century, there was the name "soccer", and then gradually developed into the modern soccer game. 1863 October 26, the British in London set up the world's first soccer sports organization - the British Football Association, and unified the rules of soccer, people called this day the birth of modern football. called this day the birth day of modern soccer. The rules of the game ****14 rules, which are the basis of today's soccer rules. Starting from the 2nd Olympic Games in 1900, soccer was included as an official Olympic sport, but professional athletes were not allowed to participate. 1904 May 21, FIFA was founded in Paris, and from 1930 onwards, the World Football Championships (also known as the World Cup) were held every four years, and the restrictions on professional athletes were lifted. Since then, the modern game of soccer has been growing.

In medieval England, soccer became a passion for many young men. They chased the ball through the narrow streets, often kicking it into the windows of houses on the street. The King of England had to ban soccer. From the 12th century to the 16th century, the King of England issued the "soccer ban" four times. However, due to the special charm of soccer, the ban did not make it die.

In 1835, the world's first soccer club was founded in Sheffield, England. In 1863, the first soccer association was established in England. From then on, organized, under the constraints of certain rules of soccer began to spread from the United Kingdom to Europe, spread around the world. By the end of the 19th century, soccer had become quite popular in Western European countries. In 1896, the first Olympic Games, soccer as one of the competitions, the results of the Danish team to 9:0 victory over the Greek team, became the first champion of the Olympic Games soccer.

In 1904, the soccer associations of seven countries - England, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland - established the Fédération Internationale de Football Association in France and elected Frenchman Guérin as the first president of the FIFA World Cup 2010 in South Africa.

[Edit Paragraph]Soccer has become the world's first sports reasons

First, the essence of the sport: soccer's own collection of the characteristics of the various human sports, the sudden start between the athletes, the race for the ball, like sprinting; goalkeeper on the vertical jump, horizontal flap side flap, like jumping projects; those flexible athletes a backward hooks, fish leaps over the top, like gymnastics; the two Athletes between the reasonable collision, but also a bit like rugby to show the power and beauty ......

Second, the mass: soccer is an important reason for the participants of the sport is not high requirements. Playing soccer athletes, tall, short, fat and thin are not a big problem, unlike other sports. Rugby, for example, the small size is certainly a big loss; Basketball is more "long man" the world. Soccer, on the other hand, gives all the children of the world the opportunity to dream of being a superstar.

Third, unpredictability: the chance of the outcome of the soccer game is an important reason for the fanaticism of the world. Because in the world of soccer, there is no absolute strong team. Liverpool may be an unheard of second division team or even an amateur team "down". The star-studded Brazilian team was once defeated by the then still young Japanese team in an Olympic soccer match. In 1966, North Korea, a "third world" soccer team, beat Italy to reach the last eight of the World Cup. So, in soccer, you never know how things will turn out until the last minute.

Fourth, handsome: soccer field on the valiant all the big handsome is the cause of soccer as the "world's first sports" can not be ignored. The reason is very simple, the beauty of the face of worship to run to the stadium to see the ball (mainly to see the people), that their boyfriends can not be anxious about it? Even if the soccer is not very interested in men, also have to follow the girlfriend to the stadium to run, watch out for his girlfriend, do not let her be those stadium "10,000 people" snatched is the most important thing.

Fifth, the environment: fans like diners, there is a mouth-watering soccer meal, but "eat" the atmosphere to be good. Lively, atmospheric, spectacular, these soccer stadiums have. Compared to the hot and stuffy badminton hall, compared to a small table tennis table, the wide green field looks so magnificent and exciting.

Sixth, freedom: tens of thousands of hundreds of thousands of fans together with the uproar, hot and lively. Honestly, if you have to be quiet to watch a game, who's going to watch it.

Seven, controversial: "The greatest charm of soccer is that it is controversial." A visionary old man made a visionary remark. This old man is former FIFA President Avelange. It is true that if all the penalties in a soccer match are "dead" and mechanical, then soccer will lose its great charm. It is precisely because referees are human beings, who may make wrong decisions, take bribes to manipulate the game, etc., that the controversy is so powerful and more people's attention is drawn to it.

[Edit Paragraph]Characteristics of the sport

Football has such a great charm, not only because the game breeds a rich connotation, but also with the characteristics of the game.

I. Holistic. Soccer games are played by 11 people on the field for each team. The 11 people on the field of thought, action should be the same, the attack is the whole movement, the code of the whole defense, the overall participation in the war consciousness to be strong. Only the formation of the overall offense and defense, in order to obtain the initiative and good results of the game.

Second, the big picture. Soccer game field is large, the number of people, how to make good use of the field and the number of people is a key to victory or defeat. Both sides use effective passing and cutting, smooth cooperation to break through the layers of defense, through the space on a wide range of transfer of the ball to mobilize the other side in order to achieve the purpose of finding loopholes or tear open the line of defense. At the same time, the season in the soccer league is very long, the game is very heavy, reasonable distribution of physical fitness, appropriate rotation of players are the overall consideration of the whole season elements.

Third, fine. The soccer game is rough and fine, the big man is actually very intelligent. Individuals discus seek technical finesse in place, the timing is right, sometimes a short time difference or a few steps away will cause breakthroughs, wonderful passes and even goals! And both players not only in the soccer confrontation, in the psychological are constantly competing: small action harassment, big action pressure caused by the fear of the other side, verbal provocation to provoke others, the key moment in the high-pressure handling of the ball (such as penalty kicks when the shooter and the goalkeeper's state of mind, whether to keep awake in overtime) are soccer points of interest and can be chewed on.

Fourth, confrontation. Soccer is a competitive rivalry project, the game for both sides to fight for control, to achieve the ball into the opponent's goal, but not let the ball into the goal of the purpose, to start a short fight, especially in the two penalty areas near the time, space is the fight is exceptionally fierce, heart-stopping. A high-level game, the two sides due to scramble and collision on the ground as many as 200 times, visible confrontation of the fierce.

Fifth, versatility. Soccer is a technical colorful, tactical unpredictable, unpredictable winners and losers of the end of the non-periodic sports, the game, the use of technology and tactics by the other side of the direct interference, restrictions and resistance. Techniques and tactics are applied flexibly and flexibly according to the specific situation in the field.

Sixth, easy to implement. Soccer competition rules are relatively concise, equipment and equipment requirements are not high. General soccer game time, the number of participants, venues and equipment are not subject to strict limitations, so it is a very easy to carry out the national fitness of the masses of sports.

The earliest famous players

In the Song Dynasty, football players organized their own group, called the "round society", specializing in the promotion of cuju activities and competitions. The Northern Song Dynasty Gao Ziangzui was born in the round society, Wang Mingqing's "after the dust record" records, Gao Ziangzui ball skills, because accompanied the Song Huizong kicking, was promoted to be the temple before the commanding officer, which should be considered as one of the earliest famous ball player.

Song's Liu Bin's "Zhongshan Poetry" recorded another person famous for playing soccer, the scholar Liu Sanfu ball skills, he knew that the prime minister Ding Pian likes to play soccer, in order to be promoted, he waited every day in the prime minister's residence stadium outside the wall, one day finally waited until the ball flew out of the wall, Liu Sanfu picked up the ball in the name of the ball into the residence, in order to meet with the Ding Pian, he threw the ball in the air, one side of the kneeling, one side of the head, shoulders, back and so on. He threw the ball in the air, kneeling on one side and bowing on the other, and then turned the ball over with his head, shoulders and back, and the ball never fell to the ground, which pleased Ding Pian and gave Liu Sanfu an official position.

From the Spring and Autumn period to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, cuju experienced the development of the climax of the process, but to the Qing Dynasty, this activity has gone into decline. 1863, the birth of modern soccer in the United Kingdom, opened the development of soccer another chapter in history.

The birth of modern soccer

Spectators watching the game in 1893

The precursors to the modern game of soccer existed in Europe in a variety of ways from the 8th to the 19th centuries until 1863, when the first official rules for the game of soccer were created in the United Kingdom, marking the birth of the modern game.

A boy's impulse

In the 19th century, the game of soccer was revived and widely played in a number of colleges in England. At that time, there was no uniform rule for soccer, the game was played in a rectangular field, the time and number of participants were temporarily agreed by the two sides, and the ball was kicked to the opposing team's goalposts as a score. During this period, colleges such as Cambridge University, Hatton Public School, New Clifton University and others had their own way of kicking the ball, and no one thought of standardizing the rules of the game of soccer. At that time, the most unlucky people to be counted for the game ad hoc "umpire mediator", they are the predecessor of the referee, responsible for recording the number of goals and mediate disputes and controversies, but because of the lack of uniform rules, these mediators are always difficult to convince the public, and are often subject to dozens of people all over the field of the fight and siege.

One boy's impulse changed everything: On November 21, 1823, during a game, a 15-year-old boy named William Webb Exley suddenly picked up the ball in his hand, cradled it, and charged toward the opposing team's field. This action later sparked a great debate about the rules of soccer and the need to set uniform rules of soccer was realized. During the debate, those who favored the use of hands and feet gradually developed the game into today's rugby, while those who insisted on the use of feet only began to explore and create the rules of the modern game of soccer.

The birth of the world's first sport in a pub

The birthday of modern soccer

The **** Keith's Tavern on Queen Street in London, the birthplace of modern soccer, where a landmark meeting in the history of soccer was held. Previously, in 1848, Cambridge University College had attempted to create a set of rules for the game of soccer, which was not publicly accepted, but uniformity had become ****. 26 October 1863, representatives from 11 London clubs and colleges met at the **** Keats Tavern to set the rules and create the authoritative soccer organization, which is also widely recognized as the birthday of modern soccer. The debate over the rules at the meeting was heated, with a minority represented by Gumbel insisting on the use of hands and feet, and the final vote was 13-4, with the iconic rule that the modern game of soccer does not allow the use of hands passed. In response, Gumbel and others left the meeting in anger and later founded the English Rugby Football Union in 1871.

***Jeeves' Tavern

At this meeting at the ***Jeeves' Tavern, the English FA was also formed and documented the world's first unified rules of the game of soccer in a written situation, and two months later, on December 26, 1863, the FA reconvened in a small hotel on Crummieshire Street in London, where the rules of the game of soccer were broken down into 14 articles and began to The game was promoted nationwide, and the world's number one sport, which is now popular all over the world, was born. The 11 clubs and academies that attended the meeting at the ****Jeet's Tavern:

Forest FC (later renamed Rangers); Gilburne; Barnes; War Office; Crusaders; Percival; Blackheath FC; Kensington College; Surbiton; Blackheath College; Crystal Palace.

[edit]Standard rules

One of the earliest rules of football

1. The area of the ground, within 150 yards in length and 100 yards in width. Two marker poles are erected on each sideline 25 yards from the end line.

2. The goal consists of two standing poles, feet apart.

3. A coin is used to select the goal or kick-off right.

4. The field is exchanged at the end of the first half of the playing time.

5. When a player kicks the ball out, no player of the same team who is standing in front of the ball closer to the opposing team's end line than the opposing team's player may take part in the game to touch the ball, or in any way impede another player from touching the ball.

6. When the ball is kicked out of touch, it is dead, and the opposing team kicks the ball directly into the field of play at the place where it went out of bounds, and play resumes.

7. When a team kicks the ball out of the opposing team's end zone, any player of the opposing team who has first possession of the ball may take a free kick from 25 yards away from the vertical end zone.

8. When the ball is kicked, no player may touch the ball behind the opposing team's end line.

9. If the ball falls behind the end line and beyond the touchline marker, the free kick is taken 25 yards from the end line.

10. When a player takes a free kick, no member of the same team may be between him and the opposing team's end line, and no member of the opposing team may stand within 10 yards of him.

11. A player may take a free kick in any manner he chooses.

12. A goal is won if the ball passes between or over the poles at an unlimited height.

13. The ball may be touched by any part of the body while play is in progress, but may not be held or struck with the hands, arms or shoulders.

14. All impacts are fair and legal, but it is forbidden to hold or push with the hands, trip off with the feet or make noise.

This formal original set of rules was published in the (BELIS LIFE) magazine by the President of the English Football Association. Three years later the Football Association added that the height of the goal was 6 yards and the width 8 yards, with a rope drawn between the two uprights for the height of the goal.