History and Culture of Civil Aviation

1.The relationship between aviation and tourism culture

Tourism culture can be divided into traditional tourism culture and modern tourism culture, the former mainly includes the culture of tourists and tourism landscape; the latter adds tourism culture and cultural communication.

1 Tourism service art, color science, diet. (It can be in terms of tourism etiquette, such as the difference between domestic and Singapore airline services, etc.)

2 The modern tourism phenomenon, in fact, is a spiritual, cultural needs and enjoyment based on a comprehensive mass activities involving the economic, political, social, and international exchanges and other content. (Airplane is the choice of many domestic and foreign friends, and stay longer on the plane, so the construction and development of aviation also has the function of promoting economic, political, social and international exchanges)

China's tourism industry must pay great attention to the construction of tourism culture in order to get a greater development, and to stand in the forest of the world's tourism powerhouse, we must pay great attention to the construction of tourism culture, y digging into the connotation of the tourism culture and creating the atmosphere of the tourism culture, and to establish a set of tourism culture system with Chinese characteristics, in order to provide a better environment for the tourism industry. The tourism culture is an indispensable part of China's tourism industry. Tourism culture is the indispensable cultural heritage and soul of China's tourism industry, and it is the key to maintaining Chinese characteristics and improving international competitiveness of China's tourism industry.

2. China's aviation history

Ancient Chinese laborers made many unsuccessful attempts to fly into the sky.

The Chinese bamboo dragonfly was the predecessor of the airplane propeller and helicopter rotor. When it was introduced to Europe, it was known as the "Chinese gyro".

Kites and gliders are similar in principle and were used for military purposes during the Tang Dynasty in China. During the Five Dynasties, Xin Qiniang made resin lamps to be flown in the air as a signal.

Some books say it was invented by Zhuge Kongming and called Kongming lantern. In any case, the original hot air balloon appeared in China.

The invention of gunpowder was used in the military in ancient times to make the second level of rockets God fire flying crows and fire dragon out of the water, is the predecessor of the modern rocket. The Han Dynasty "bedding incense burner" built-in incense, no matter how the rolling will not spill out.

The principle is exactly the same as today's airplanes and missiles with gyroscopes in the universal support principle. In the early aircraft, the young American Feng Ru is the first aviation pioneer in China.

12 years old from Guangdong drifted to the United States in San Francisco, working and studying, and eventually became an engineer. 1906 23-year-old Feng Ru determined to build airplanes, and Sun Yat-sen's encouragement and support, in 1910 made a biplane. In October of the same year, he participated in the international aircraft competition held in San Francisco, flying at a height of 200 meters, speed of 100 kilometers per hour, flying a circle around the Bay, a distance of about 30 kilometers, the results of the whole field for the crown, won the International Aviation Association Certificate of Merit.

The United States scrambled to hire and teach flying techniques, but Feng Ru declined all invitations and returned to his homeland, and in January 1911, established the "Guangdong Flying Machine Company" in Guangzhou.

Unfortunately, in 1913, during a flight show, the airplane stalled and crashed to his death at the age of 28.

Unfortunately, he died in a crash during a flight show in 1913, at the age of 28. He was like a beautiful dandelion, scattering the seeds of flight in the motherland.

At the same time, another young Chinese 21-year-old Tan Gen, in the Universal Aircraft Manufacturing Convention won the seaplane champion. 1915 June performance in Guangzhou to break the seaplane altitude record, flying to a height of 1800 meters.

Later gave up aviation activities.

In 1913, Beiyang *** established an aviation school in Nanyuan, Beijing, with an airplane repair shop.

In 1914, Pan Shizhong, the director of the Nanyuan Aircraft Repair Factory, and Li Ru, a flight instructor, designed and built an airplane.

Pan Shizhong designed and manufactured aircraft, the engine installed in the rear of the fuselage, the nose of the aircraft installed a machine gun, named "gun car". But there was no mass production.

The cultivation of aeronautical engineering talent in old China began in the late Qing Dynasty, when a handful of foreign students went overseas to study aviation technology. After the thirties, there were more and more, and in the forties, there were nearly a thousand of them.

There is no shortage of foreign students who have achieved high attainments, served as an aircraft designer in the United States at the time of Boeing's inception, and then returned to China to run the aviation factory Wang help, high-subsonic aircraft aerodynamic design used Carmen Chancellor, one of the founders of the formula of Chancellor Chancellor, the creation of the impeller mechanical ternary theory of flow of Wu Chung-hua. The earliest school to train aeronautical engineering personnel was the Naval Flying and Diving School established in Mawei, Fujian in 1918.

After the 30s, Peking University, Central University, Xiamen University, Tsinghua University, Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Yunnan University, Sichuan University, Northwest Institute of Technology set up the Department of Aeronautical Engineering. By the end of 1949, there were about 1,000 graduates from the Department of Aviation.

Later, the University of Aeronautics and Astronautics was established to train specialists. From 1913, when the Qing Dynasty *** set up a factory in Nanyuan, Beijing, until 1949, there was no independent industrial sector of the aviation industry.

In the late 1940s, they were mainly engaged in the repair of airplanes, and in 1950, Premier Zhou convened a study on the construction of the aviation industry. The aircraft repair workshops during the war laid a solid foundation for the development of China's aviation industry.

1953 built the first batch of backbone enterprises, Nanchang Aircraft Factory, Zhuzhou Engine Factory, Shenyang Aircraft Factory, Shenyang Aviation Engine Factory. 1954 July 11, the first domestic aircraft Chugao 5 completed test flights, the end of August began mass production.

In February 1955, the development of J-5 began, the next year on July 19, the first lift-off test flights, August 2, the end of the test flights, September 9 to the world announced China's new jet aircraft.

In 1956, China attempted to design its own airplanes, and first built a supersonic wind tunnel.

In May 1958, the design of the Teach 6 was completed, the first test flight was completed in August, the qualification test flight was completed in December 1960, and the following year, the aircraft was converted to a domestic engine and put into mass production. This was the first airplane that was successfully designed and put into mass production entirely on its own.

By 1960, China's aviation industry had begun to take shape, and was able to mass produce fighter jets, trainers, helicopters, and small transport planes, and began to design its own.

J-8 Ⅰ in May 1980 assembly completed, June 25 test flight failure, the next year on April 24 to fly in the blue sky, in October the second on the sky, July 27, 1985 approved the final type. The airplane is equipped with 204 full radar and other 11 electronic equipment; the weapon modification 23-Ⅲ aviation gun, four Thunderbolt 2B missiles, four groups of rockets.

The successful development of J-8 and J-8Ⅰ aircraft marked a new level of China's self-designed fighter aircraft, and the first flight of the self-developed J-8Ⅱ aircraft in June 1984 became a new generation of fighter aircraft.

The heart of the aircraft - aviation engine Piston 5, piston 6, turbojet 5, turbojet 7, turbojet 8 engines are based on the technical information provided by the former Soviet Union to complete the trial production. The first self-designed engine jet 1A was completed by Wu Daguan and Yu Guangyu of the Shenyang Aero Engine Design Office in 1957 and put into use the following year.

Subsequently also designed the Red Flag 2 engine, installed in the Dongfeng 107 high-altitude supersonic fighter; turbojet 6 A installed in the strong 5 Ⅰ fighter; designed the turbojet 7 A - J8 power plant, in 1985, with the J8 machine together with the National Scientific and Technological Progress Special Award. Guizhou Aviation Engine Design 7B turbojet, batch production and export in 1982, Beijing Aviation Institute designed turbojet 11, installed in the no detective 5 high-altitude unmanned photo reconnaissance aircraft, passed the appraisal in 1980, to fill a gap.

Turboprop engines for helicopter power plant. The use of turboshaft engines, making it possible to design large helicopters.

From the mid-1960s, to the development and production of turbine 5, turboshaft 6, turbine 8 and other engines. China's aviation industry has gone through three stages: repair, imitation, and self-design.

Bombers, strike planes, and drones were all self-designed. The bomber has Boom 5 and its modification Boom 6, and the fighter has Strong 5 and its modification.

Airborne systems and equipment Airborne systems include conventional navigation instruments, navigation and positioning equipment, flight control systems, power supply systems, environmental control systems and protection and life-saving systems, fire control systems and suspension launchers, and hydraulics.

3. What are the three important elements of civil aviation culture

The civil aviation corporate culture should be "people-oriented", the service staff of the true service can not be separated from the corporate culture of this cornerstone, to a certain extent, what kind of corporate culture determines what kind of service level.

Therefore, in order to realize the true service, civil aviation enterprises must have the true service of the cultural atmosphere. To provide passengers with genuine service is not a simple slogan, not a form, but in the service process can be reflected in the passengers to provide genuine service.

How to implement the service process to the real service, which is every civil aviation colleagues need to think about. The author believes that this service is focused on three key points.

First, the moment of contact between the service personnel and the passengers, the moment of contact between the service personnel's language and non-language to show the passengers are willing to enthusiastically serve the passengers' posture, so that the passengers feel the service personnel's enthusiasm and friendliness. Secondly, when travelers have difficulties and needs to come to us, or when we see travelers have difficulties and needs, this is the time when travelers need the most service or help.

For the difficulties and needs of travelers service personnel should take the initiative to travelers to show our care and help heart, attachment and care of the heart, in a timely manner to help solve their problems or difficulties, so that travelers y feel our true feelings of service. Third, the service process of individual passengers will inevitably produce a misunderstanding of us, or even do not understand; inevitably encountered outbursts, uncivilized behavior of the passengers, which requires the service personnel to have tolerance and inclusion of the heart, with the heart of the travelers, so that travelers really appreciate our true service.

4. What does civil aviation corporate culture include

In the enterprise new and old culture of conflict and integration, only the courage to innovate the old culture of the enterprise, in order to make the enterprise's cultural ideology comprehensive enhancement, in order to adapt to the new economic environment, to obtain a stronger vitality.

Corporate culture is the driving force to promote the success of the enterprise, which includes the values, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and practices of the enterprise members, is the enterprise most of the employees **** enjoy the vision, values and other essential features of the sum of the enterprise. Corporate culture has both internal orientation, cohesion and normative role, more importantly, also has to improve business performance, casting the role of brand faith. The ultimate goal of corporate culture is to make the enterprise sustainable business, the foundation of the evergreen. Therefore, the corporate culture must change with the times and change, after innovation in order to have the development, will succeed in transforming the intangible value into tangible and measurable goals, and comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of the enterprise.

5. The history of the airplane

Since the Wright Brothers made their first powered flight in 1903, it has only been 70 years since mankind broke through the stratosphere and entered outer space.

To this day, no surface in the world is safe from the prying eyes of satellites. Da Vinci's dreams and visions became reality.

Human beings are warlike creatures, and it took only eight years from the realization of the beautiful dream of free flight in the air to get the Grim Reaper into the sky. And the first real air battle was only three years later.

With the progress of science and technology, steam engines, electric motors, internal combustion engines and other power devices have been introduced, the power source of the balloon has been resolved. As a result, people launched a comprehensive research on the balloon that can fly - airships.

In 1852, the French engineer Giffard conducted research. In September of the same year, Giffard conducted the first test flight and was successful.

Subsequent tests found that there are many problems with the soft airship, the airbag is not only difficult to maintain the shape of the airship constant, but also easy to break. So, some people had the idea of fixing a ring keel inside the airbag and succeeded.

This is the semi-rigid airship. Later, a German flying enthusiast used wood to make an external support for the airbag, and fixed the airbag inside the support to keep its shape, thus making a rigid airship.

This improvement not only completely solved the problem of maintaining the shape of the airbag, but also facilitated the handling of the airship. This structure became the standard airship style.

At the end of 1885, the German engineers Benz and Daimler jointly invented a practical gasoline engine, which gave mankind a power plant with greater thrust. Since then, the development of flying machines has been increasingly rapid.

In 1898, Germany's Zeppelin designed and built the first rigid airship. This dirigible used a structurally complete skeleton to maintain the shape of the airbag, and was powered by a piston engine, resulting in good flight performance and a large loading capacity.

In 1900, Zeppelin caused a sensation when he successfully flew his massive rigid airship over Lake Constance, and in 1903, the LeBoldy brothers in France built the world's first truly practical airship.

The airship flew 61 kilometers at a time on November 12 of the same year. Since then, the development of balloons and airships has gone from strength to strength, with a wide range of military and transportation applications.

In the military, Germany, France, Russia, Britain and other countries have formed airship units, airships into the battlefield. For example, in the 1911 Italian-Turkish War, Italy used for the first time three airships to Turkey to carry out reconnaissance and bombing; August 5, 1914, Germany used the Pin-Berlin airships large-scale bombing of the French fortress city of Liège; a year later, Germany sent five LZ-38-type zeppelin airships across the Channel to bombard London; bombing killed 7 people, bombing wounded more than 30 people in the British. The bombing killed seven people and wounded more than 30, creating the "Zeppelin" scare among the British.

In transportation, Germany established a regular zeppelin air route on June 28, 1910 between Frankfurt and Dusseldorf. On this route flew the LZ-7 zeppelin, which could carry 24 passengers and 12 aircrew, at speeds of up to 70 kilometers per hour.

In 1912, a zeppelin also made the first human flight around the world in 20 days, and on December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers conducted the first powered, maneuverable, sustained flight test in human history.

During the test, the airplane successfully flew a distance of about 260 meters. The Wright brothers' breakthrough was widely reported in the press.

But this success did not attract the attention and recognition of the United States *** and the public. European countries simply expressed disbelief.

Nine days after the Wright Brothers' success, an airplane developed by Langley crashed on a test flight, an event that further affected the promotion of airplanes. Americans generally attacked the development of the airplane as a waste of taxpayer money.

The Wright brothers were so disappointed that their efforts were not recognized that they wanted to say goodbye to the plane. After a period of calm reflection, the Wright brothers were determined to continue the development work.

They were convinced that sooner or later their work would be recognized. In order to avoid public criticism, the Wright brothers turned the development work into a secret.

In 1905, they built an airplane that could stay in the air for more than half an hour. The Wright brothers intended to present the airplane to the United States *** but the authorities continued to ignore their achievement.

The Wright brothers were disheartened and had no choice but to temporarily suspend their research on airplanes. The Wright Brothers' achievements led to significant advances in flying in Europe, especially in France, in 1909.

In August of that year, Reims, France, hosted a grand flight ***, European pilots have created a variety of flight records. However, it was the French pilot Louis Blériot who gave the world the shock of its life.

He successfully flew an airplane across the English Channel and landed on the soil of Great Britain. This event not only made a great impression on the world public, but also surprised the British: they realized that there was some kind of sudden danger.

The development of airplanes made them realize that in the future it would be impossible to ensure the security of their country solely by means of maritime defense. The development of aviation made the military authorities realize the promise of aviation in the military field, and the European powers began to search for a wide range of aircraft for use by their armies.

However, at this time, airplanes were still mainly used for reconnaissance, and most of the development of airplanes was also carried out by private individuals, which made progress rather slow. In Germany, interest was also centered on the massive Zeppelin, as public donations allowed Zeppelin to continue its work as the pioneer of the airship, which finally proved its utility to the Germans.

In the other two aviation powers, France and Britain, airplanes began to receive more attention. But the military was already eager to put this new weapon to war.

Although the airplane had many problems at this time, and often had disastrous consequences, the military, whose profession was fraught with danger, could not care less. So the airplane made its first appearance in the war between Italy and Turkey.

By the outbreak of the First World War, although the air force was still in a rather naive period, but the airplane has shown in practice its extraordinary role and broad prospects for development. Weapons and equipment on the airplane also gradually from the pistol, grenade development into machine guns, bombs.

Subsequent wars.

6. The history of aviation in China

China's general aviation industry has great potential for development General aviation is in addition to regular passenger, cargo and other public **** air transport aircraft, other civil aviation activities of all aircraft in general, China in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006 - 2010)" plan has been the development of general aviation included in the high-tech industrial engineering major special projects. China has included the development of general-purpose aircraft in its "Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-2010)" as a major project of high-tech industry. Xi'an General Aircraft Research Institute, director of Li Daming told reporters, and general aviation-related industries up to 140 categories, the economic development of the driving role can not be ignored. According to China's civil aviation sector forecast, 2002-2012 China needs all kinds of general aviation aircraft 10,000 to 12,000, China's general aviation development space is huge, general aviation and its driven industries will form a market capacity of more than 1 trillion yuan. Meanwhile, after years of cultivation, China's general aviation market has gradually matured, with strong demand and enthusiastic investment. In the next decade, general aviation will be rapid development, following the mainline aircraft, regional airplanes, another rapidly rising sunrise industry. Experts believe that the establishment of new China for more than 50 years has formed a number of good strength of the aviation industry base, with the development of general aviation industrial base. Xi'an Aircraft Design and Research Institute is China's first large-scale professional research institutions involved in general aviation research. This research institute in 2001 with the backbone of China's general-purpose aircraft Shijiazhuang Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd. and the world's largest civil aviation flight academy of the Civil Aviation Flight Academy of China cross-industry, cross-departmental, cross-regional cooperation, *** with the development of a number of multi-purpose light aircraft. However, Li Daming said, China's development and production of general aviation aircraft compared with developed countries, both in terms of quantity and grade, there is a huge gap. "China's general aviation is not only lagging behind developed countries, but also behind many developing countries," Li Daming said. Experts believe that China urgently needs to develop general aviation including six major areas: agriculture and forestry aviation, industrial aviation, air courier, aerial survey and aerial photography, air travel and business flights.

7. The relationship between aviation and tourism culture

Tourism culture can be divided into traditional tourism culture and modern tourism culture, the former mainly includes the culture of tourists and tourism landscape; the latter adds tourism culture and cultural communication.

1 Tourism service art, color science, food and drink. (Can be from the tourism etiquette, such as domestic and Singapore airline service differences, etc.) 2 modern tourism phenomenon, in fact, is a spiritual, cultural needs and enjoyment based on a comprehensive mass activities involving economic, political, social and international exchanges.

(Airplane is the choice of many domestic and foreign friends, in the plane to stay longer, so the construction and development of aviation also has to promote the economic, political, social, international exchanges of functions) China's tourism industry to get a greater development, standing in the world's tourism powerhouse in the forest, it is necessary to attach great importance to the construction of tourism culture, in-depth excavation of the connotation of tourism culture, to create the atmosphere of tourism culture, to build a set of tourism culture system with Chinese characteristics, in order to provide a better environment for the tourism industry, to promote the development of tourism culture. The Chinese tourism culture system with Chinese characteristics provides services and guidelines for the development of the tourism industry.

Tourism culture is the indispensable cultural heritage and soul of China's tourism industry, and it is the key to maintaining Chinese characteristics and improving international competitiveness of China's tourism industry.

In the teaching of airline geography, we have to consciously cultivate the concepts of sustainable safety, competence-based, customer-oriented, and environmental protection.

1, the concept of continuous safety

Civil aviation safety culture is an important connotation of civil aviation industry culture, to ensure safety is the eternal theme of civil aviation industry. In the civil aviation power to civil aviation power, China put forward the "concept of continuous safety", is the safety work to a new strategic height, under the guidance of this cultural concept, gave birth to the continuous safety culture. Continuous safety culture is a further extension of the connotation of civil aviation safety culture, and has become a guide to the sustainable development of civil aviation industry culture construction.

2, the concept of customer first

"Improvement of service quality" is the long-term guidelines for China's civil aviation work, civil aviation service culture is the civil aviation culture of the construction of the most important. Based on this, in the construction of campus culture of aviation service, the school strives to integrate the civil aviation industry and campus culture. According to the characteristics of the aviation service industry, which is "all passenger-centered", students are required to strengthen the fundamental concept of "providing service for others" in their own value orientation in their daily life and study during the school period, and to take the provision of high-quality service for others as their The first is to provide a service to others, and the second is to provide a service to others as a mission and responsibility.

4. The concept of environmental protection

Environmental issues have become a global concern. Airline geography is a science that studies the relationship between air transportation and the geographic environment, and there are many environmental issues involved in the teaching process, such as aircraft noise, aircraft tailpipe emissions, airport water pollution, airport solid waste pollution and so on.